Kharms is a special life. Biography of Daniil Kharms

Biography

HARMS, DANIIL IVANOVICH (real name Yuvachev) (1905-1942), Russian poet, prose writer, playwright. Born on 17 (30) December 1905 in St. Petersburg. Batko Yogo, if he was a naval officer, he was attracted to court in 1883 for his part in the People’s Volunteer Territory, having spent several years in solitary confinement and more than ten years in penal servitude, de, maybe, having survived a religious brutality: order with memoir books. 1901) and Schlіsselburzka Fortress (1907) and publishing mystical treatises Between the world and the monastery (1903), Mystery of the Kingdom of Heaven (1910) and Mati Kharms, a noblewoman, in the 1900s she was in charge of the shelter for many convicts. Kharms studied at the St. Petersburg privileged German school (Petershuli), de-learned the basic knowledge of German and English language. In 1924, having entered the Leningrad Electrotechnical School, he was stricken with a vengeance for "weak influence" and "inactivity among the communal robots." From that hour on, the whole writing practice is alive and only literary income. Accompanying writing is a varied self-illumination, with a special sleight of hand in philosophy and psychology, as a sign of one’s worker, it proceeded super-intensely.

Having seen the “strength of the world” in oneself and having formed poetry with one’s poverty, the poet A. V. Tufanov (1877-1941), the chanuval and seller V. V. Khlebnikov, the author of the book Do Zaum (1924) ) ) and the founder (near birch 1925) of the Order of Zaumnikov, the core of which included Kharms, who took the title “Dzir zaumі”. Through Tufanov, having become close to A. Vvedensky, we will learn more of the orthodox poet - "khlibnikivtsya" and lover I. Crewe. Terentyev (1892-1937), creating a number of agitations, including the “actualizing” stage adaptation of the Inspector, parodied in Twelve Styles I. Іfa ta Є. Petrov. Z Vvedensky Kharms was bound by a mіtsna friendship, that, for an hour without any particular implication, taking on the role of Kharms' mentor. Prote directing їхної creativity, arguable in the plan of philosophic jokes, is left on the cob a fundamental difference: Vvedensky’s vinicator and chooses a didactic attitude, Kharms outweighs the game. About tse to speak the first vіdomі yogo vіrshovani texts: Kіka z Kokoyu, Vanka Vstanka, The land to speak was blamed by the grooms of that Poema Mikhaili.

Introductive forgetting Harmsa Nove Novey Svekavannya, having known the yogo with his own friends L. Lipavsky, I. Druskeim, vinators of the Fіlosofsky viddіlennnye to the faculty of suspended, the Vislavny of the Vishtyki in 1922 in 1922 to develop the idea of ​​self-worth, specialty and intuitive knowledge. They looked madly at Kharms's thought, 15 more than fateful stinks were the first hearers and Kharms' pozinovuvachami, at the hour of the blockade Druskin vryatuvav did yoga with a miracle.

Shche in 1922. Vvedensky, Lipavsky and Druskin fell asleep a trinity union and began to call themselves "plane trees"; in 1925, Kharms came before them, becoming a “plane-gazer” and suddenly gaining scandalous popularity in the stakes of avant-garde writers under his newly found pseudonym, which became the multiplicity of the English word “harm” - “misfortunes”. In the meantime, create your own for the children of the wines, signing and in the same way (Charms, Shardam toshcho), but not to be respected by the power of the call. Pseudo-nim buv zakrіpleniya i at the introductory questionnaire of the All-Russian Union of Poets, where Kharms was accepted in birch 1926 on the basis of representations of his works, two of them (Vypadok on the vault and Vіrsh Pyotr Yashkin - komunіsta) were in the distance to swear at the small circulation of the Union. Krіm them, until the end of the 1980s, only one “grown-up” Kharms’s work was published in the SRSR - verse Mary comes out, watching the uklin (SB Day of poetry, 1965).

As a member of the literary community, Kharms, having taken away the opportunity to speak to the readers of his verses, but having become accustomed to it only once, in the same 1926 - otherwise try to be marnimi. A playful cob of yoga performances stimulated the dramatization and stage performance: in 1926, together with Vvedensky, preparing a synthetic performance for the avant-garde theater "Radiks" Kharms got to know K. Malevich, and the head of Suprematism, having given him his book, God does not throw it off with the inscription “Go and make progress”. His own verse On the death of Kazimir Malevich Kharms, having read in a memorial service for the artist in 1936. Kharms’ tension to a dramatic form appeared in the dialogue of rich verses (Spokusa, Lapa, Pomst, etc.), as well as in the composition of the Comedies of the City of Petersburg and the first, most importantly - p'ysi Єlizaveta Bam, presented on September 24, 1928 at a single evening of the "Association of Real Science" (OBERIU), where, Krim Kharms and Vvedensky, included M. Zabolotsky, K. Vaginov and I. Bakhterev and M. Oliynikov became so close to him - Kharms had a special closeness with him. The union was unsteady, less than three fates dawned (1927-1930), and the fate of the new Kharms was more pronounced, that none of the creative principles came into contact. The characterization given to you by Zabolotsky, the ordering officer of the OBERIU manifesto, seems to be inconspicuous: “the playwright sings, respect for some kind of zealudzhen is not so in a static position, but in zіtknenni low objects, zіkhnої zaєminah”. Naprikintsy 1927 Oliynikov and B. Zhitkov organize the "Association of Writers in Children's Literature" and ask Kharms for it; From 1928 to 1941, he regularly published in the children's magazines "Yzhak", "Chizh", "Tsvirkun" and "Zhovtyani", in an hour he published about 20 children's books. Do it to the natural inspirations of Kharms’s creativity and give your own way of playing the game, but, as for those witnesses of yoga, the students of that list, they wrote stinks exclusively for making money (from the middle of the 1930s, it’s not especially important). The stench was treated by the efforts of S. Ya. Marshak, placing critical criticism before them, starting from the articles of Pravda (1929). Against hack work in children's literature, it was unambiguous. Imovirno, that happened to change and change the pseudonym postiyno. The newspaper “Zmina” rated the work of 1930 as the “poetry of a class enemy”, the article became the forerunner of the arrest of Kharms on the example of 1931, the qualification of the yogo literary work as a “driven work” and “counter-revolutionary” activity on the course. In 1932, the roci yomu far away turned to Leningrad. The nature of this creativity is changing: the poem goes into the background and the daedals are written less (the rest are completed until the beginning of 1938), pronounce and create (the crime of the old, create a small genre) multiply and cycle (Vypadki, bud. toshcho). ). On the mission of the lyrical hero - the vitivnik, the ringleader, the visionary and the miracle worker - there is a navmysny opovidach-posterigach, unperturbed to the point of cynicism. Fiction and grotesque grotesque show zhorstoka and haze of "unacceptable action" (from the schodenniks), and the effect of stingy authenticity is created by the zavdyakas of scrupulous accuracy of details, gestures, and moving mimics. In unison with the schodennikov’s records (“the days of my death have come,” and so on), the rest of the confession (Litsari, Vpadannya, Pereshkoda, Rehabilitation) passed on to the children completely helpless, all-powerful bad swaville, zhorstokostі and vulgarity. Top sickle 1941 Kharms was arrested for "amazing speech". Create Kharms, navit navіt narukovanі, were forgotten to the cob of the 1960s, if the collection of yogo was carefully selected childish verses Gra (1962). Since then, for about 20 years, they tried to assign the look of a cheerful divak, a masovik-vitivnik for a childish part, which is not suitable for yoga "grown-up" creatures. Since 1978, the FRN publishes a selection of works prepared on the basis of manuscripts by M. Meilakh and V. Yerl. Until the mid-1990s, Kharms occupied the position of one of the leading representatives of Russian artistic literature of the 1920-1930s, in fact, the proto-Russian literature. Kharms died in Leningrad on the 2nd of February 1942 - he was taken out of duty.

Danilo Ivanovich Kharms (Yuvachov), (December 30, 1905 - February 2, 1942) - sings and prose writer, playwright and wonderful child writer. It was too early to choose your pseudonym and start writing early. Becoming an active participant in the "Association of Real Art" (OBERIU). Danilo Yuvachov was born in St. Petersburg in the family of Ivan Yuvachov, a revolutionary sent to hard labor, that Nadia Yuvachova. The fathers were familiar with the richness of the same writers. 1915-1918 - secondary school of the Head German School; 1922-1924 - Child-silk unified labor school; 1924 - Leningrad Electrotechnical School; 1926 - rehab; June 5, 1928 - a celebration of Ester Rusakovy, Kharms dedicating a lot of works and his own records from the period from 1925 to 1932. The blues were collapsible, in 1932 the stench parted for mutual good. 1928 - 1941 rіk - actively spying on children's magazines, writing a lot of children's works, spying on Marshak; I have written over 20 children's books. On June 16, 1934, Kharms befriends Marina Malich and does not separate from her until the very end; 23 Serpnya 1941 - Arrest (hibne zvinuvachennya in broader "riveting and astonishing moods") for the denunciation of Antonina Oranzhireeva (NKVS agent); Psychiatric clinic "Khresti" - they didn't shoot, the writer simulated the divine. p>

He died on February 2, 1942, at the time of the terrible blockade of Leningrad. p>

On April 25, 1960, on the right side of Sister Kharms’s death, yoga was looked at, guilt itself was confessed to the innocent and rehabilitated, and yoga’s books were revisited. p>

Today Kharms is called one of the most avant-garde, extraordinary and paradoxical writers of the 20th century. p>

Reference name - Yuvachov Danilo Ivanovich. Born on 17 (30) December 1905 in St. Petersburg, he died on February 2, 1942 in Leningrad. The Russian writer sings.

Your main pseudonym "Danilo Kharms" Danilo came up with school rock (around 1921-1922). Tsim pseudonym Vіn spochatku podpisuvav shkіlnі zoshiti. Pіznіshe pseudonym becoming an official name (apparently, scho Kharms having signed a letter at the passport with an olive Yuvachov-Kharms, and then legitimizing our pseudonym - Kharms).

schodo trip pseudonym doslidniki srechayutsya dosі. A lot of literary scholars have repeatedly tried to decipher in their own way pseudonym a writer, hanging impersonal versions of yoga, knowledgeable turns in English, German, French language, Hebrew, Sanskrit. (For example, deyakі call yoga false apparition "Harms" to the French "charme" - "charm, charm", deyaki to the English "harm" - "Skoda").

Ale is the widest version that pseudonym inspired by the love of Conan Doyle and the names of Sherlock Holmes, shards of Holmes and Kharms- Calls of sound. So, the drive for this version was the memoirists’ guessing of the description of Kharms’s manner of dressing like a “dandy of London”. On a few photographs, Kharms you can easily recognize behind a non-proprietary pipe and style clothes (when wearing short sir knee socks, sir panchokhas and a large sir cap).

Crimea main pseudonym Danilo Kharms more than 40 pseudonyms(exact number unknown): DCH, Daniel Charms, Daniel, Danilo Zatochnik (Kharms), Danilo Kharms, Danilo Kharms School of chinrіv Vzir Zaumі, School of Chinari Vzir Zaumі Danilo Kharms, D. Kh., Chinar Danilo Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms, D. I. Kharms, D. Basch, Danilo Horms, Danilo Kharms, Khkhojrms, Daniel Haarms Danilo Protoplast, Dan. Kharms, (Yaroneya), Kharms, Danilo Dandan, Dan. Kharms, (Yaroneya), Kharms, Danilo Dandan, Dandan, Danilo Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms-Shardam, Danilo Shardam, Shardam, Danilo Kharms-Shardam, Vanya Mokhov, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, Charms, Danilo Charms, Harmonius; Vira, Nadiya, Lyubov, Sofia; Haarms, D., Danilo, Danilo Ivanovich Dukon- Kharms, A. Sushko, Kovpakov's Letter, et al.

The reason for such frequent name changes Kharms explaining simply. Vіn vvazhav, scho nezminne іm'ya bring misfortune. About tse note the upcoming schodennikovy record Kharms dated December 23, 1936: “Afterward, having told me that while I will be Kharms, I need to be reconsidered.” I want to escape misfortune, Kharms will take my own new ones pseudonym. The greater part of them is established in the first place pseudonym. For example: Danilo Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms, D. I. Harms, Danilo Horms, Danilo Khharms, Khkhojrms, Daniel Haarms, Danilo Haarms, DCH, Daniel Charms, Daniel, DaNil Kharms that in.

Taki pseudonyms Danilo Kharms Kharms, Chinar Danilo Ivanovich Kharms Kharms confirm your affiliation to a new one and the same "tech".

Pseudonyms Shardam Kharms-Shardam, Danilo Shardam, Shardam, Danilo Harms-Shardam sounding from Sherlock Holmes.

Pseudonyms Vanya Mokhov, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, Pismennik Kolpakov, A. Sushko, D. Bash - these are the so-called "children" of Kharms' pseudonyms, as they are distinguished by a special "voluntariness" in their enlightenment.

Nickname“Vira, Nadiya, Lyubov, Sophia” - Christian turner “faith - hope - kohannya” of additions to “sophia”, tobto. wisdom.

born D. Harms in Petersburg, with yakim, all of life is tied up. Here I started, here I began to write first poetry. As a professional, he sings with literature in the mid-1920s, if the deacons of yoga verse appeared in almanacs.

Kharms being one of the founders of the literary group OBERIU (Association of Real Art), which included the poets A.Vvedensky, N.Zabolotsky, Yu.Volodimirov and others, who won the prize for alogism, absurdity, and the grotesque. In 1927, on the stage, Budin druk was staged the song "Elizabeth to you" by Kharms. Kharms, reading his creations in public with the public, his verses and explanations were expanded in manuscripts. In 1930, the rotation of the OBERIU as a "union of formalities" was fenced off. Marshak, highly valuing talent Kharms, getting yoga to work with children's literature From 1928 Kharms published verses for children in the magazines "Chizh" and "Jack". There were also a lot of children's books, so many books, like "Ivan Ivanich Samovar", "Gra", "Million".

Spare parts for passenger cars near Chekhov.

D. Harms On April 23, 1941, he was arrested, and died on February 2, 1942, while working in a psychiatric hospital. Im'ya yogo was recreated from the Radian literature, and less than 1956. do yoga was rehabilitated. In the 1960s, books were re-read, the song "Elizabeth to You" turned to theatrical repertoires.

Name: Danilo Kharms (Danilo Yuvachov)

Vik: 36 years

Duration: poet, writer, playwright

Family camp: friends

Danilo Kharms: biography

Danilo Ivanovich Kharms - talented singer, member of the creative association "OBERIU", and first of all Kharms is associated with readers as the author of children's literature. Vіn having given the girls and the lads the verse and the warning, yakі, having gone through a lot of fates, became immortal. Before such creations one can see “Divovizhnaya kishka”, “Delirium”, “Even more terrible istoriya”, “First and in a friend”, “From the house a man came”, “Old” thinly.

Childhood and youth

Danilo Ivanovich Yuvachov was born on December 17 (30), 1905 near the cultural capital of Russia - the city of St. Petersburg. The lad rіs і hovuvavsya in Іntelіgentnіy i zamozhnіy sіm'ї. Yogo Batko Ivan Pavlovich also left a trace in history: he positioned himself as a revolutionary of the people, and miraculously vanished the stratum, changing his look at life and becoming a spiritual writer.

Apparently, after an hour of travel to Sakhalin, having tried wine at the eight-fold penitentiary, father Danil Kharms got to know z, having made Yuvachev a prototype of a revolutionary in his work “Explanation of an Invisible People” (1893). Posilannya helped pozbutis Yuvachev in unceremonious moods, and, having survived all the miscarriages, in 1899 Ivan Pavlovich turned to St. Petersburg, de serving in the inspectorate of the management of savings, working at the editorial office and engaging in literary work.

Yuvachev Sr. was talking like Chekhov, and the other one was a friend of the list. In 1902, Ivan Pavlovich created the proposition of the hand and heart of Nadiya Ivanovna Kolyubakina, as if she resembled a noble family that ruled in the Saratov province. Vaughn was in charge of the porch and little glory, like a comforter of women, like they had been in captivity. And just as Nadiya Ivanivna wielded her children at the kohanna, then Ivan Pavlovich did his best to follow the rules of the behavior of the naschadkivs. Krim Danila, a daughter, Elizabeth, was born to a friend, and two other children died at an early age.

If the first grain of the revolution grew on the territory of the Russian Empire, the future sings having started at the privileged German school "Die Realschule", as it entered the warehouse of "Petrishuli" (the first initial mortgage, foundations near St. Petersburg 1702). Having celebrated the head yearling near the house, having spit on the blue: Danilo's father's zavdyaks have begun to sing foreign language (English and German), and also having fallen in love with scientific literature.

For sensitivity, the son of Ivan Pavlovich was kind, prote to the little lad, at that time, like all children, there were primal windings: to get away from the early readers, Danilo played actor's scenes, pretending to be an orphan. After graduating from the certificate of maturity, the young man chose the landing path and entered the Leningrad Energy College. Prote on the first primal mortgage Kharms having tried it for a short time: a poor student did not dare to take a diploma through those who often skipped classes and did not take part in gromadsky robots.

Vіrshi

After that, yak Danil Yuvachov was hired from the Leningrad Technical School, and began to engage in literary activity. I would like to say that love to creativity appeared in the new one in early rock: as a schoolboy, having written a fairy tale, as if reading his sister Natalia, his early death became a shock for the future poet.

Danilo Ivanovich didn't want to make himself a prose writer and made his poor tver vershiv. But the first creative attempts of the poet-pochatkіvtsya suggested a lazy stream of thoughts, and the father of a young man did not imitate the literary likeness of a son, so he was like a prihilnik of Suvoro and classical literature in the person of Leo Tolstoy and.

In 1921–1922 Danilo Yuvachov became Danil Kharms. Until the speech, deyak writers do it over the solution of the mysteries, as if they burned out the creative pseudonym, attracted by the all-worldly author of childish verses. For a bit, the son of Ivan Pavlovich explained to his friends that it was supposed to resemble the English word “harm”, which in the Russian translation means “Skoda”. Prote іsnuє pripuschennya, scho the word "Kharms" resemble the French "charme" - "charm, charіvnіst".

In addition, it is important that Danila was inspired by his beloved character Sherlock Holmes from gray books. So they said that he sings by signing an olive on his passport with a right call through the “Kharms” rice, and then legitimizing his pseudonym. Having taken into account the talent of a literary hero, that one post-in-time would bring misfortune, Danil Ivanovich’s pseudonyms were faceless, like mittens changed like mittens: Khharms, Khaarms, Dandan, Danilo Shardam, etc.

In 1924–1926 Danilo Ivanovich started his creative biography. A young person does not only see the verses, but recites other people's work on the ledges in front of the public. Also, in 1926, Harms joined the ranks of the All-Russian Union of Poets, and the writer was expelled three years later for non-payment of membership contributions. At that hour, the breath of creativity sings.

In 1927, a new literary partnership appeared in Leningrad, as it was called "OBERIU" ("Association of Real Art"). So, as if with other futurists, calling out to throw off the steamboat of modernity, and "plane trees" were inspired by conservative forms of art, propagating the original methods of depicting action, grotesque and poetic absurdity.

The stench not only read verses, but also ruled dancing evenings, on which they danced the foxtrot. Krim Kharms, at his side were Oleksandr Vvedensky, Igor Bakhterev and other literary characters. On the occasion of the year 1927, zavdyakov Oliynikov and Zhitkov, Danilo Kharms and his comrades-in-arms began to put together verses for children.

Pratsі Danil Ivanovich can bobachit at the popular vidannas "Їzhak", "Chizh" and "Tsvirkun". Moreover, Yuvachov, okrіm vіrshiv, publishing and rozpovіdі, painting caricatures and puzzles, like children, so did their fathers.

It is impossible to say what kind of work to occupy bringing Kharms unsatisfactory satisfaction: Danilo Ivanovich did not like children, but the childish literature was the only source of income for the talented writer. Prior to that, Yuvachov had gone to his work in a prim and proper way and tried scrupulously to opratsovuvat absolutely leathery tvir, on the face of his friend Vvedensky, who, on the thought of some famous successors, loved hackwork and put himself up to his obs'yazkid far away.

Kharms was far away to win popularity among little boys and girls, like mothers and tata, grandmothers and didus read verses about intestines, they didn’t want to squash vinaigrette with cibula and potatoes, about a pot-bellied samovar and about a cheerful old man, who was addicted like being afraid of spiders.

It's marvelous, but the author of some unscrupulous works for the lads, having recognized the persecution from the side of the government, as he respected the deacons of Yuvachev's work as undressed. In this manner, the illustrated book "Beshketna Cork" did not pass the censorship and was rebuffed "under the veil" for ten years, from 1951 to 1961. It went so far that at the birth of 1931 Kharms and his comrades were arrested for promoting anti-radian literature: Danil Ivanovich and Vvedensky were hung up to Kursk.

Life Specialist

It is not for nothing that Danilo Ivanovich, with a tyutyunov pipe, shards of life's talents, sings a little, letting out his company and occasionally smoking on the go. The attendants said that Yuvachov dressed marvelously. Kharms did not go to fashionable boutiques, but to buy clothes from a beauty.

In this rank, the writer was the only one in the city, who, wearing short pants, could see knee-high socks under them. But Yogo's eccentric stars (for example, Kharms stood alone for a long time, in which mother gave birth) did not respect Yogo's kindness of soul. The same way he sings, without raising his voice, being a correct and eminent person.

“Maybe, for the children, whoever looked like a cicada was like a cicava, and the stench ran after him. It was terribly appropriate for him, like a wine of clothes, like walking, like rattling around like a rapt. Ale stinks were and zhorstok - they threw them at the new stone. Vіn not zvertav on їх vitіvіk zhodnoї respect, buv is absolutely unbreakable. Isov sobi ta ishov. And look at the grown-ups, I didn’t react in any way, ”said Marina Malich.

As soon as there are love stosunkivs, then Ester Rusakova became the first image of Danil Ivanovich. Kharms, having attached to the unfamiliar number of verses, attached to her passions, that swearing was unkempt: for sensitivity, Yuvachev walked with a levoruch, and Rusakova burned in jealousy, who celebrated the poet’s recordings. In 1932, the circle of friends issued an official separation.

Vletka 1934 Kharms having robbed the proposition of the hand and heart of Marina Malich, and the girl was happy. Zakohani lived plіch-oh-plіch right up to the arrest of Yuvachov, who became a rotation in 1941.

Death

On the heyday of 1941, the fate of Danilo Ivanovich, having crossed the law again, was arrested for the expansion of objectionable moods: the writer said nibito that the SRSR was playing in the war (words, like, on the thought of previous ones, rewritten from denunciation).

In order to escape death, Kharms became mentally ill, to which he was appointed to a psychiatric clinic, de died on the 2nd of February 1942. After 18 years, my sister was far away to remember the goodness of my brother, who was rehabilitated by the Prosecutor General's Office.

Bibliography

• 1928 - “In a different way and in a different way”
• 1928 - "About those, like Kolka Pankin litavuy in Brazil, and Petka Ershov did not believe anything"
• 1928 - "Ivan Ivanovich Samovar"
• 1929 - "About those, like an old ink cupping"
• 1930 - "About those who shot me like a thora"
• 1937 - Guts
• 1937 - "Exposure in pictures"
• 1937 - “Plіkh ta Plyukh” (translation to the work of Wilhelm Bush)
• 1940 - "Fox and hare"
• 1944 - "Divovizhnaya kishka"

Radyansky sings, prose writer, playwright, child writer. One of the central representatives of the Russian avant-garde of the XX century. For the life of Kharms, they did not make friends, but they were in the presence of a very narrow number of people.

Danilo Ivanovich Kharms, rightful name of the Yuvachs, born 30 breasts (17 breasts for the old style) 1905 roku in Saint Petersburg. Yogo dad was a naval officer. AT 1883 roku for participating in the People’s Volunteer Territory, having been convicted before trial, having spent several years in solitary confinement and over ten years in penal servitude, de surviving a religious brutality: a series of memoirs "Vіsіm rokiv na Sakhalinі" ( 1901) that "Shlisselburzka Fortress" ( 1907) having published mystical treatises "Middle the world and the monastery" ( 1903), "Mystery of the Kingdom of Heaven" ( 1910).

Mati Kharmsa was a small noblewoman, she was in charge of 1900s an affixment for colossal penal servitude near Petersburg.

After the revolution, she became a castellan at the Barachniy Likarni named after S.P. Botkin, father worked as a senior auditor of the Sovereign Savings Casses, and later - the head of the Rakhunkov Office of the Robotic Committee at the everyday life of the Volkhov HPP.

AT 1915 r. Danilo enters the first class of a real school, which was included in the warehouse of the Head German School of St. Peter in Petrograd (Petershuli). Under the hour of the revolution, that Gromadyanskoy war Kharms from the fathers either moves to the Volga region, then turns back to St. Petersburg. W 1922 Kharms is trained at Tsarskoe Selo, at the school, and the director of the school is Natalia Ivanivna Kolyubakina. After finishing school in 1924 r. Kharms joined the Leningrad Electrotechnical School. Prote, not dreaming of a yearning for a profession, wines already through the river of windings. At this hour of wine, the pseudonym “Kharms” is being robbed. The cob of literary activity of Kharms sits 1925 rik. Vіn uviyshov with a small group of Leningrad poets, "rozumnikіv" that A. Tufanov was amazed. By stretching this rock, Kharms settled down two zoshiti vіrshіv, yakі vіn October 9, 1925. presenting at once from the application for admission to the Leningrad grant of the All-Russian Union of Poets, that March 26, 1926 new acceptance. AT 1925 Kharms made friends with E.A. Rusakova (separated in 1932)

Spivpratsya with the “wise men” was unhappy. AT 1925 Kharms get to know A.I. Vvedensky and enter before the union of "plane trees" founded by him, to which Ya. AT 1925-1928 Harms creates a number of non-religious literary (and not only) organizations. The speeches of Kharms and yoga of the same mind in public are greeted with an unconventional approach to art, provocative and calling out harsh criticism in the "official" press. Autumn 1927 rock Kharms, A. Vvedensky, I. Bakhterev and N. Zabolotsky create a new literary group - the Association of Real Art (abbreviated - OBERIU). According to the idea of ​​the creators of the association, it is not enough to include both writers, and artists and musicians. Global plans were not destined to fail. September 24, 1928 The fate in Leningrad Budinok was the most important oberyutiv performance, which included the reading of verses and the production of Kharms’ song “Elizaveta Bam”. Tsey vstup (like and all in the front) buv critiques in the press, and small steps of Kharms with friends were heard right up to spring 1930 The material camp of Kharms, for a stretch of tenth hour, became even more deplorable. At the birch, 1929 Kharms was excluded from the Union of Poets for non-payment of membership fees. In order to want to earn a living, Kharms began to write poetry for children, the shards were the only one that could be slandered at the moment. December 10, 1931 Kharms was arrested and sentenced to 3 years of labor camps, and then the virok was remembered and replaced by a prisoner in Kursk (there was also A. Vvedensky). In 1932 Kharms and Vvedensky turned away to Leningrad. At this hour, there could not be any talk about such publications. Kharms (like most of his friends) try to publish his “grown-up” creations. Collision of many oberuiuts and close people now took place in apartments. Create for children was left as the only source of help for the foundation, but they went into the trouble of doing everything right. AT 1935 Kharms makes friends with M. Malich. After publication in 1937 roku at the childish magazine, the verse “A man with a kiyk and a bear came out of the house”, for every hour of Kharms we do not mind, to put yoga with a squad on the border of starvation death. Regardless of the unfriendly surroundings, Kharms continues to practice: he writes impersonal short stories, theatrical scenes and verses for grown-ups, creates a cycle of miniatures “Vipadki”, a story “Stara”. 23 sickles 1941 Kharms was arrested "for striking attitudes." For the friends of friends, they were rightly pessimistic about the prospects for the SRSR in the war, and in the end, they put themselves negatively on the prospects of serving in the army. In the light of Kharms, it’s important to ring out to anyone. Practically nothing is known about the farther share of the poet; neither the date of death, nor the cause has been established for sure. Apparently, he died at the prison psychiatric hospital, about February 4, 1942 was sent to the team of M. Malich. Mabut, Kharms feigned god-villa, to escape the shooting, but died better for all kinds of hunger.

Kharms in his notes names the following reasons for the destruction of the Electrical Engineering School: “1) Inactivity in community robots. 2) I do not fit the class physiologically.

Kharms had about 20 pseudonyms. Such a great number of literary names are explained from one side of Kharms' schilnist to mystification and theatricalization of his life, from the other side, censorship gradually hindered the works of Kharms, and published them under new pseudonyms.

The meaning of the pseudonym "Kharms" is unknown. The successors of Kharms' creativity admit that it was created for the sound of the French "charme" - "charm, charm" and the English "harm" - "Skoda". The deyakі come in and more farther whisper the turns of the pseudonym in the Sanskrit "dharma" - "religious binding" and the name of the Egyptian magician Hermes (Hermes) Trismegistus.

About the nature of Kharms' speeches and his comrades can be judged by dekіlkom tsіkavimi facts. So, it was an hour to speak "chinariv" at the gatherings of the literary group of the Higher Curriculum of Artistic Studies ( 1927) having raised a scandal, at the hour of what Kharms, climbing on the wall, declaring: “I don’t read in the schools and public booths!”.

On your last ledge at the group of students of LDU ( 1930) Oberiuti appeared with posters: “Kolya went to the sea”, “Go and go past the kvass”, “Are we not pies?” And so on. According to L. Ya. Ginzburg, at the meeting, on trying to catch the sensation of the rest, the poets reasonably remarked: "Hiba mi - pies?"

K. Malevich, presenting Kharms with his book "God Cannot Throw Away" with a darchim inscription: "Go and make progress!"

Literary association OBERIU is not less unique among the clergy, but also among the world literature. The uniqueness of yoga lies in the fact that all publications of all members of this association (according to M. Zabolotsky) can be perekhuvati on the fingers of one hand. However, the creative potential and the originality of the ideas of oberyuty are immediately obvious.

The share of the greater number of oberiuts was tragic. A. Vvedensky, arrested at once with Kharms, having died for an hour of persecution. V. Vaginov died of tuberculosis 1934 Olіynikov buv shots at 1938 B. Levin and L. Lipavsky perished at the front. M. Zabolotsky in Vіsіm rokіv (1938-1946) checked at the camps and sent.

Kharms's literary community saved his friend Y. Druskin, who followed the news about Kharms' death, and came to his apartment and took the bag with the manuscripts. Ya. Druskin did not hang around for 20 years and more in the 60s he began to analyze manuscripts.

The cult figure of the mid-life hippies is Ganna Gerasimova (Umka), a favorite from the work of D. Kharms and oberyuts.

Bibliography

The literature of D. Kharms is not large: verses for children, verses for grown-ups, sprats, prose is represented by short explanations. Among the “older” creations, the cycle “Vypadki” and the story “Stara” are most popular.

Screenings of works, theatrical performances

Feature films

Clownery (1989) dir. D. Frolov

Staru-ha-rmsa (1991) dir. V. Gems

Happy Days (1991) dir. A. Balabanov

Concerto for the Schur (1996) dir. O. Kovalov

Fall at the sky (2007) dir. M. Mitroshina

Animated films

Samovar Ivan Ivanovich. (1987) dir. Ts. Orshansky

Yakos (1990) dir. A.Gur'ev

Vipadok (1990) dir. O. Turkus

Keywords: Danilo Kharms, Biography of Danil Kharms, Detailed biography, real biography, read the biography of Kharms, creativity of Danil Kharms, absurdity, Russian avant-garde, create, read online, free of charge, download, Russian literature, prose, oberiuti

The biography of Danil Kharms begins when the first Russian revolution mercilessly ravaged people's lives, and ends in the terrible time of the Leningrad blockade, - ignorance, re-baptism by the political regime, veneration by those, whom you respect with friends ...

At the moment of the birth, our hero is shche buv Kharmsom. Yogo's name was Danilo Ivanovich Yuvachov. Born in Petersburg on December 30, 1905.

Harms always loves to talk about this moment in the phantasmagoria genre: “I was born at the line. Yak mouse. My mother gave birth to me, she laid it by the water. I sip. Yakas riba with chotirma with whiskers on the nose circled around me. I cried. Raptom we babbled that porridge was poured on water. We made some porridge and started laughing. We had a lot of fun..."

From the first day of Danilo's life, he has been dazed at concentrations of love and courage. Dzherelom's first mother's mother Nadiya Ivanivna Kolyubakina is a comforter of women who have survived prison sentences, a noblewoman for adventures. Suvorist came out like an old man, Ivan Pavlovich Yuvachov - an ex-People's Volunteer, who, by a miracle, having gone upstairs, in the 15th Sakhalin sentry cleared himself of revolutionary moods. For yoga velinnyam sin viviv nіmetsku and english movi, having read impersonal sensible books, bu navcheniya applied sciences.

At the real school of Petrishuli Danilo, we won the fame of a good teacher, not someone else's windings, for example, loving to play the unfortunate "orphan" in front of the teacher, sob to get away early. Approximately until this period, the first literary record is a funny fairy tale. Vin wrote її for the 4-fold sister Natali, the early death of which became the first strong shock for the future poet.

The bright time of childishness broke off - grimnuv 1917 r_k. After long journeys through the country, the Yuvachevs turned to Petersburg, which became Petrograd. Danilo worked at the Botkinsky likarni, studied at the Child-Silsk Labor School and wrote the first lines, as if he were more telling the heap of the nurse. Batko, wiggling on Pushkin and Lermontov, buv at zhakhu. Navkolishnim lad, having grown older.

Yogo nebazhannya buti “like a mustache” was especially hostile. Danilo saw originality in clothes, marvels in behavior. I, let’s go, singling out for ourselves z kimos іnshim, ale tsey “htos” mav styles of names, that it was easy to get lost. The most important vinyl on the flyleaf of one of the Bibles is “Harms” (from the English “Skoda”). Є kіlka versіy yogo viniknennya. Zgіdno zdnієyu z them, yogo podkav scribe Sherlock Holmes, yakim vіn zahopluvavsya z 12 rokіv.

At that hour, everything “English” chimed yogo: at 17 rokiv Danilo tucked up the respect of the young girls with a “ceremonial suit” with an emphasis on the English style: a light-brown jacket, pants “golf”, long scarves and zhovti chevyniks on a high waist. Vіnchala tse "stylistic swindle" pipe in a small fold of the company, yak did not know the fire.

Danilo Kharms - Biography of a Special Life

About a person, what can be said about “love”. The absolute "love" of Danil Ivanovich was wives - with beautiful forms, warm, with a touch of humor. Vіn early made friends with the beautiful Esther Rusakova, and although the girls were foldable (Vіn їy zradzhuvav, she was jealous), Vіn saved up to her lower feelings. In 1937, she was condemned to five years of camp and died in Magadan through the river.

Another official squad was Marina Malich, a woman who was more tolerant and calm. Zavdyaki and my friend Kharms Yakov Druskin, we can read the writings of the writer today, and create early and rare works.

From the early rokiv Harms tyazhіv to zahіdnitstva. One of the favorites of yoga drawings was “depict a foreigner”.

Vіn viprominyuvav unreasonable magnetism, even though the photographs of quiet rocks took on a rude appearance with important superciliary arches and deep zakhovanie under them penetratingly bright eyes. Mouth, nache perekinuty pіvmіsyatsya, slapping the guise of a tragic theatrical mask. Irrespective of the price, Kharms is famous for being a brilliant brazier.

One of the friends of the writer rozpovіd, like the spring of 1924, the fate of the zaishov to Danil. Toy propoponuvav walk Nevsky, ale in front of tsim zaishov at the barn, crouching on the table, then asking a friend to rozfarbuvat yoma guise - that having depicted on the guise of the poet's coats, trikutniks and other geometric objects. "Write down what you want to say," - having said Kharms, and the stench went on a walk. The passers-by of the lucky one shied away from the wonderful couple, but it was fitting for Danilov.

As if rozіgrі mali stave against the rebellious soul of the avant-garde writer, then the “gra in schizophrenic” in 1939 turned out to be a small life important meta: I’ll be called to military service and vryatuvatisya in the re-investigation of the OGPU. It took Kharms in the autumn of 1924 after a speech at a party dedicated to the work of Gumilyov. Just talked to him.

And on December 10, 1931, everything was in a serious way: the arrest, the next day, the zhorstok_ torturi. As a result, Kharms “knew” in anti-radian activity - roaring about his “sins”: writing hacky childish creations, creating a literary technique under the name “zaum” and trying to restore a huge political system, with which he diligently indicated the use, “appearance, names”. Yogo was sentenced to three deaths by the concentration camp. Vryatuvav father - konstabir was replaced by a settlement at Kursk.

Turning to Leningrad, Kharms showed kinder rows of other friends: some died, others were imprisoned, some were slung over the cordon. Vіn vіdchuvav, scho final close, аlе prodovzhuvav live to the fullest: zakohuvatsya with all the wives, write verses, most of all children, only for them youmu indecently paid. Tsіkavo, scho children Kharms is not already loving, then they simply loved Yogo. If you entered the stage of the Leningrad Palace of Pioneers, then you played the hall with the right tricks. Tse called out a flurry of flooding.

1941 fate came for him again. Knowing Kharms: on the right, not in a denunciation, which Antonina Oranzhireva, a close friend of Ganny Akhmatova, an official informer of the OGPU, wrote to him. Vin himself, yoga “avant-gardism”, unreasonable krokuvati in step with the curtains - the axis of which led to the tale of quiet, others. And the stench does not calm down, the docks are alive.

Batko Danila died, there was no one to intercede for the writer, a lot of friends returned in the wake of the new, remembering the “wedding ceremony”. Yogo could be shot, but to help him, he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. It’s impossible to reveal more than a terrible sight: before the new, the naschadka of a noble family, people of extraordinary, talented, were put like a villain. They tried to go through the humiliation of physical and spiritual ...

Let's make Khrestiv, like all the sacks of besieged Leningrad, lay 150 grams of bread on the loot. At the crying chamber of the prison liquor, torments, and the hopeless Kharms checks on the bills for transportation to Kazan, de "rejoiced" the mentally ill. Ale about the new one, like about the other aggravated Khrestivs, at these terrible days of the blockade they simply forgot - they stopped arguing, prikayuchi tsim on the painful death.

The cardiogram of Danil Ivanovich Yuvachov-Kharms straightened out on the 2nd of February 1942. The body of the only poet of his kind overtook, they knew in a few days that he was lying on the bed of the medical chamber.

Only in 1960, in his biography, some deacons changed: the prosecutor’s office of Leningrad Kharms was found innocent by the praise of the Prosecutor’s Office of Kharms, he was rightfully shut down for a lifetime of evil, and he himself was guilty of rehabilitation.