Yak's name is Kharms. Danilo Kharms: biography and facts

Reference name - Yuvachov Danilo Ivanovich. Born on 17 (30) December 1905 in St. Petersburg, he died on February 2, 1942 in Leningrad. The Russian writer sings.

Your main pseudonym "Danilo Kharms" Danilo came up with school rock (around 1921-1922). Tsim pseudonym Vіn spochatku podpisuvav shkіlnі zoshiti. Pіznіshe pseudonym becoming an official name (apparently, scho Kharms having signed a letter at the passport with an olive Yuvachov-Kharms, and then legitimizing our pseudonym - Kharms).

schodo trip pseudonym doslidniki srechayutsya dosі. A lot of literary scholars have repeatedly tried to decipher in their own way pseudonym a writer, hanging impersonal versions of yoga, knowledgeable turns in English, German, French language, Hebrew, Sanskrit. (For example, deyakі call yoga false apparition "Harms" to the French "charme" - "charm, charm", deyaki to the English "harm" - "Skoda").

Ale is the widest version that pseudonym inspired by the love of Conan Doyle and the names of Sherlock Holmes, shards of Holmes and Kharms- Calls of sound. So, the drive for this version was the memoirists’ guessing of the description of Kharms’s manner of dressing like a “dandy of London”. On a few photographs, Kharms you can easily recognize behind a non-proprietary pipe and style clothes (when wearing short sir knee socks, sir panchokhas and a large sir cap).

Crimea main pseudonym Danilo Kharms more than 40 pseudonyms(exact number unknown): DCH, Daniel Charms, Daniel, Danilo Zatochnik (Kharms), Danilo Kharms, Danilo Kharms Chinar School Vzir Zaumі, Chinar School Vzir Zaumі Danilo Kharms, D. Kh., Chinar Danilo Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms, D. I. Kharms, D. Basch, Danilo Horms, Danil Kharms, Khkhojrms, Daniel Haarms Danilo Protoplast, Dan. Kharms, (Yaroneya), Kharms, Danilo Dandan, Dan. Kharms, (Yaroneya), Kharms, Danilo Dandan, Dandan, Danilo Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms-Shardam, Danilo Shardam, Shardam, Danilo Kharms-Shardam, Vanya Mokhov, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, Charms, Danilo Charms, Harmonius; Vira, Nadiya, Lyubov, Sofia; Haarms, D., Danilo, Danilo Ivanovich Dukon- Kharms, A. Sushko, Kovpakov's Letter, et al.

The reason for such frequent name changes Kharms explaining simply. Vіn vvazhav, scho nezminne іm'ya bring misfortune. About tse note the upcoming schodennikovy record Kharms dated December 23, 1936: “Afterward, having told me that while I will be Kharms, I need to be reconsidered.” I want to escape misfortune, Kharms will take my own new ones pseudonym. The greater part of them is established in the first place pseudonym. For example: Danilo Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms, D. I. Harms, Danilo Horms, Danilo Khharms, Khkhojrms, Daniel Haarms, Danilo Haarms, DCH, Daniel Charms, Daniel, DaNil Kharms that in.

Taki pseudonyms Danilo Kharms Kharms, Chinar Danilo Ivanovich Kharms Kharms confirm your affiliation to a new one and the same "tech".

Pseudonyms Shardam Kharms-Shardam, Danilo Shardam, Shardam, Danilo Harms-Shardam sounding from Sherlock Holmes.

Pseudonyms Vanya Mokhov, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, Pismennik Kolpakov, A. Sushko, D. Bash - these are the so-called "children" of Kharms' pseudonyms, as they are distinguished by a special "voluntariness" in their enlightenment.

Nickname“Vira, Nadiya, Lyubov, Sophia” - Christian turner “faith - hope - kohannya” of additions to “sophia”, tobto. wisdom.

born D. Harms in Petersburg, with yakim, all of life is tied up. Here I started, here I began to write first poetry. As a professional, he sings with literature in the mid-1920s, if the deacons of yoga verse appeared in almanacs.

Kharms being one of the founders of the literary group OBERIU (Association of Real Art), which included the poets A.Vvedensky, N.Zabolotsky, Yu.Volodimirov and others, who won the prize for alogism, absurdity, and the grotesque. In 1927, on the stage, Budin druk was staged the song "Elizabeth to you" by Kharms. Kharms, reading his creations in public with the public, his verses and explanations were expanded in manuscripts. In 1930, the rotation of the OBERIU as a "union of formalities" was fenced off. Marshak, highly valuing talent Kharms, getting yoga to work with children's literature From 1928 Kharms published verses for children in the magazines "Chizh" and "Jack". There were also a lot of children's books, so many books, like "Ivan Ivanich Samovar", "Gra", "Million".

Spare parts for passenger cars near Chekhov.

D. Harms On April 23, 1941, he was arrested, and died on February 2, 1942, while working in a psychiatric hospital. Im'ya yogo was recreated from the Radian literature, and less than 1956. do yoga was rehabilitated. In the 1960s, books were re-read, the song "Elizabeth to You" turned to theatrical repertoires.

Danilo Kharms. Tops for children

Widely known as a childish writer and author of satirical prose. From 1928 to 1941 r . Vіn postіyno spіvpratsyuє in children's magazines Zhak, Chizh, Tsvirkun, Zhovtnya. Kharms has about 20 children's books. Vіrshi that prose for children to give their own way of playing Kharms's verses, but they wrote stink only for income that the author did not press on them. The official party criticism placed before them was unambiguously negative. Our country has a long time Kharms buv vіdomy nasampered like a childish writer. K. Chukovsky and S. Marshak highly valued this aspect of his creativity, inspiring a singing world respected Kharms as the forerunner of childish literature. Transition to creativity for children (and a phenomenal success with a child reading audience) The neologisms of Kharms predict the death of a child’s words or svіdomі agramatizm (“skaska”, “pisenka”, “luskatka”, “felt boots”, “dog”, etc.).

en.wikipedia.org

Biography

Danilo Yuvachov was born on 17 (30) December 1905 in St. Petersburg, in the same name as Ivan Yuvachov, a great naval officer, a revolutionary of the People's Volunteer, sent to Sakhalin and occupied himself with religious philosophy there. Batko Kharms knows Chekhov, Tolstoy and Voloshin.

Danilo started at the privileged St. Petersburg German school Petrishuli. In 1924, having joined the Leningrad Electrotechnical School, it was not uncommon to get rid of the disturbances. In 1925, the roci took up work. In early youth, he inherited the futuristic poetry of Khlebnikov and Kruchenikh. Then, in the other half of the 1920s, I was inspired by the growing “zaum” of the virshuvans.

In 1925, Yuvachov’s brothers got to know the poetic and philosophical group of plane trees, which included Oleksandr Vvedensky, Leonid Lipavsky, Yakiv Druskin and others. Vіn shvidko gained scandalous popularity among the kolakh avant-garde writers under his own guilt in 17 years with the pseudonym "Kharms". Yuvachov's pseudonyms were rich, and vin gloomily changing them: Khharms, Khaarms', Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others. "harm" - "Skoda") most accurately reflects the day of the writer's work before life and creativity. Pseudo-nim letters were attached to the entry questionnaire of the All-Russian Union of Poets, where Kharms was accepted in birch 1926 on the basis of performances of his works, two of them (“Vypadok na zaliznitsі” and “Virsh of Peter Yashkin - komunist”) were in the distance in small circulation. For them, until the end of the 1980s, only one “mature” version of Kharms was published in the Soviet Socialist Republic - the verse “Maria Comes Out, Seeing the Uklіn” (Satellite Day of poetry, 1965).

For the early Kharms, the bula was characterized by "zaum", joining the "Order of the Wise DSO" on the basis of Oleksandr Tufanov. Since 1926 Kharms actively promoted the organization of the forces of "left" writers and artists in Leningrad, creating non-legal organizations "Radiks", "Left flank". From 1928, Kharms wrote for the children's magazine "Chizh" (yogi witnesses were arrested in 1931). Also, he became one of the founders of the avant-garde poetic and artistic group “The Association of Real Art” (OBERIU), as in 1928 the party held the famous “Three Lviv Years” evening, de bula presented and the absurdist “peessa” Harmsaveta Bamliza ". Later, in the radian publicistic writings of OBERIU, they were voiced by the “poetry of the class enemy”, and since 1932, the fate of OBERIU in a large warehouse (that hour of trival in informal splintering) is actually attached.

Kharms buv at the baby of 1931 at the same time with a low oberіutіv of arrests, ringing in anti-radian activity (due to this, the texts of works were also criminalized) and judgments on the 21st of March 1932. Collegium of the OGPU to three years in the right camps (in the text it was lived in. As a result, on January 23, 1932, it was replaced by a hanging (“minus 12”), and he sings when he moved to Kursk, where he knew A. I. Vvedensky.

He arrived on 13 September 1932 and settled in booth No. 16 on Pervishevsky Street (now Ufimtseva Street). The place was replaced by numerous Socialist-Revolutionaries, Menshoviks, just nobles, representatives of various oppositions, scientific, technical and artistic intellectuals. “Half of Moscow and piv-Leningrad were here,” the fellows guessed. Ale Danilo Kharms was apparently not in the grip. “Location, in which I am alive for the whole hour,” writing wine about Kursk, “I didn’t suit me. Vіn standing on the mountain, and everywhere the edges were seen. The stench warned me so much that I would like to sit at home. So, in good time, krim, send it to the store, I had to go nowhere ... There will be days when I don’t see anything. Then I tried to create my own radio mood. Lying on a lizhko and starting to smile. I smiled up to 20 times at a time, but then the smile turned into a pozіhannya ... I started my dream. Bachiv in front of him was a clay glider made of milk and pieces of fresh bread. And I myself am sitting at the table and writing fast... I am watching and marveling at the garden. By the house itself, yellow and purple flowers grew. Dali grew tutyun and stood a great chestnut tree. And there rozpochinavsya orchard. It was much quieter, and the pulls were sleeping less under the mountain.

Kharms, having tried at Kursk until the leaf fall, turned back to Leningrad on the 10th.

After turning around, Kharms continues to talk with one mind and write a number of books for children to earn their own pennies for life. After the publication in 1937 in the children's magazine verse "From the house came a man with a kiyk and a bear", which "from that hour" sign, that hour Kharms does not work together to put Yogo and his squad on the brink of starvation. At the same time, I write anonymous short stories, theatrical scenes and verses for the grown-ups, as they have not been published for life. The cycle of miniatures “Vipadki”, the story “Stara” are being created at the same hour.

On April 23, 1941, the fate of arrests for striking attitudes (behind the denunciation of Antonina Oranzhireeva, known to Anna Akhmatova and the NKVS agent). Zokrema, Kharms were put at the proverb’s yogo words “If they give me a mobilization leaflet, I’ll give the commander a face, let me shoot; But I won’t dress my uniform” and “The Radyansk Union passed the war on the very first day, now Leningrad will be taxed and we will die of starvation, or bomb it without leaving stone on stone.” So Kharms has made sure that the place has been replaced, and unarmed soldiers are sent to the front. Shchob rozstrіlu niknuti, simulyuvav bozhevіllya; The Viysk court ordered Kharms to be treated at the psychiatric hospital "for a serious mischief". The hour of the siege of Leningrad, the most important month for the number of starvation deaths, died, at the psychiatry clinic in Khresti (Arsenalna embankment, 9).

The archive of Danil Kharms was saved by Yakiv Druskin.

Danila Kharms was rehabilitated in 1956, but there were no official creations in the Soviet Socialist Republic during the last hour. Until the hours of rest, creativity went from hand to hand and in samvidav, and also was seen beyond the cordon (with a great number of creations that soon).

Kharms is widely known as a childish writer (“Ivan Ivanovich Samovar” and in), and also as an author of satirical prose. Kharms is pomilkovo credited with the authorship of a series of historical anecdotes “Merry Boys” (“Once Gogol dressed up as Pushkin ...”), created in the 1970s by the editorial office of the journal “Pioner” in Kharms’s inheritance (you really have a low parody miniatures about Pushkin). In addition, when seeing the verses of "Plich and Plyukh" it is often not shown that the short translation of the work of Wilhelm Bush from German.

The absurdist creations of Kharms are seen in Russia since 1989. An invisible person in an interview with one of the TV programs of the SRSR said: “It’s pure madness, but it’s even more funny.”

DANIEL KHARMS: "I SAY IT'S GOOD"

Kobrinsky A.A. Danilo Kharms. - M.: Young Guard, 2008. - 501. p., il. – (Life of miracle people: series biogr.; VIP 1117)

Standing river - glory is posthumous! I'm afraid that the widest reader D. Kharms is told, first for everything, with anecdotes about Pushkin, Gogol and L. Tolstoy, "who really loves little children." I want, obviously, the very idea of ​​the cycle and that little piece of history - so, “view of Kharms”, the main block of anecdotes was put on the cob of the 70s by the journalists M. Dobrokhotov and V. P'yatnitsky. And if we guess from the children know all the verses about chizhivs - then even then it is far from being the name of their author: Danilo Ivanovich Yuvachov (Kharms).

Vtіm, such ignorant, but "surviving" readers, yakuvati God, are less and less. And more and more Danilo Kharms is being seen by us as one of the key articles in the literature of the past century.

The 500-sided work of A. Kobrinsky is an imaginative, most recent biography of Kharms. The author did his best to reinforce the genre of his book, suggesting a lot of citations from the documents of the era. Possibly, an ordinary reader on the way out of these sides of the pdv'yazne in the cloth and suffocating style of the Stalinist officialdom. Later, it will become clearer, Like a dissonance with the mainstream at that time, the specialty and creativity of the writer Kharms were.

Vzagali, such hostility, that life itself has put on oberіuts and especially on their leader Danila Kharms, a harsh, but important experiment for the naschadkіv. The 20th years, the hour of the formation of that debut, is no longer a comparable century with the freedom of creative explorations, wanting the innovations of the 20th years to be “cool” and unstoppable in their own right. However, the advent of the era unfavorably sounded the possibility of a free manifestation in the arts, both on the splendid level, and in the gallery of form-creativity.

For the writers, it is not enough to complete the foundation of the Spilka of Writers. The state should give its monopoly the right to regulate the creative process. Ale oberiuti (i Kharms zokrema) were deprived of a lot of literary marginals - and it allowed to save creative freedom. Tobto, on their butt, you can prostegize, as our literature developed, May there is the same will as the 10s have on the cob of the 20s. n.

Obviously, oberіuti - only one of the direct ones, which were formed in 20 rr. And all the same, the winds of tomorrow wandered in the souls of these people!

Danilo Kharms develops in the 30s already on the pavement intensively, which is now inspired by the spiritual father of the Oberuiuts V. Khlebnikov, he decides to enter the 19th century, he says "to be a book".

A. Kobrinsky definitely respects: the pathos of aesthetics oberіutіv polagáv in order to turn the word of the poet out of the mists of symbolism in povnotsіnny real life. Moreover, in the singing sensi, the word was thought by them to be such a real thing, like, let's say, a stone. "Virshi need to write in such a way that if you throw it at the window, then it will be easy to break it," - Mriyav Kharms. I recorded at the quarter of 1931. to a student: “The power inherent in the words can be forged ... It’s not bad to think that this power is to shake things up. I sing that the strength of the slіv can grow tse ”(p. 194).

“Virshi, prayers, songs and sounds” is the axis of the form of the basis of the word, organized by rhythm and filled with charisma of life, which was added to Danil Kharms.

And in this sensi vіrshi for children, the new boule is no less than earning a living (as, for example, with his closest associate A. Vvedensky). It was a whole organic form of creative expression.

Wanting the children themselves (like the old ones and especially the old ones) Kharms could not stand it. On the lampshade of his floor lamp, he painted with his hands "the house of the children's misery". Є. Schwartz guessing: “Kharms endure the birth of children and write sim. That tse yshlo youmu. It seemed to me that I was on the side of yoga. Vіn, zvichayno, buv stay with the family. Dali offspring would be worse. The axis of what to inspire other people's children lapped yoga ”(p. 287).

Kobrinskiy adds his own version: "It is possible for wines (Kharms, - V. B.) to instinctively recognize their (old and children, - V. B.) closeness to death - and as from one, so from another" (p. 288 ).

A retelling of the fact that Kharms is loving and not guilty, creates a paradoxical, and paradoxically whole image. They borrowed yogo: “Osyayannya, nathnennya, enlightenment, superstition. Numbers, especially related to the order of sequence. Signs. Letters. Fonts and handwriting ... Everything is logical without stupidity and stupidity. Everything that calls out laughter and humor. Stupidity… Miracle… Garny tone. Human beings” (p. 284). Ogidni and boules: “Kicks, lamb, children, soldiers, newspaper, camp” (p. 285). The rest - shards condescendingly bare corporal indulgence.

Ernst Kretschmer, who at about the same time worked on his own classification of psychotypes, went from bi Kharms to the turn of schizoids. These people are of a state of individuality, as if they keep a distance from the superfluous light, transforming impulses that go in a different way, in a very original way, and for a different special giftedness, it is even more significant. The schizoic warehouse of nature helped Kharms to go to the simulation of mental illness (for a lower price).

In the meantime, the closeness with the Radian's world - the world, permeated with the streams of rough collectivism, the spirit of the communal apartment, the gartozhitka, the barracks, the cells - was produced in an hour to comedy creative results.

The axis, for example, is a construction “pisnya”, as if the commander of the battles of the ranks of Yuvachov, passing through the term service (punctuation of the author):

Trochi nadvir
We came on the 7th of March
We got up we got up we got up in the day
We attached to the twine
Shtik i
Our company is the best.

And the axis “May Day Song”, written by the already mature poet Kharms for the children’s magazine “Chizh” in 1939:

Let's go to the podium,
Come on,
Mi to the tribune pididemo
From the very wound
Shchob shout earlier for all,
Earlier for all
Shchob shout earlier for all
Stalin "cheers".

The creativity of Kharms with the radiant spirit was supplemented and carried out on the butt line. So, Danilo Ivanovich Yuvachov, having come up with his own special english image (hat, stockings, leggings, tube), for which the 1932 r. postiyno zaznavav obstruction on the streets of the provincial Kursk, kudi buv messages. Shanuvalnik of German and English culture, choosing wines and pseudonyms of oneself, sounding like the name of a beloved literary hero - Sherlock Holmes.

So, Kharms was a human paradox! Deeply believing, vin, formally being Orthodox, allowing himself the mysticism of the Protestant quality: leaves and little notes straight to God! An avant-garde artist in the arts, having saved his love to the very “classics-classics”: to Pushkin and Gogol, to Bach and Mozart.

With rocky sips to classical zrazkіv, I had no more strength. The stench of mature Kharms bachiv show right life strength. Tse led to weldings with some kind of close one-mindedness. Kobrinskiy to direct A. Vvedenskiy's dry attention to the masterpiece of the pizny Kharms - the story "Stara": "I'm not inspired by the left art" (p. 434). Vvedensky, having pulled on those, which in the past are clearly the motives of “The Lady of Peaks” and “The Malice and Punishment”, that very fabric artist, for all the surrealness, I think “a little too much” (for the avant-garde creation) is realistic.

For Kharms, it’s natural to have a break with tradition, even if you want to be like a true Petersburger and a demonstrative “zahіdnik”. Ale, here we are sticking with the moments of the big wild plan. T. Mann and G. Hesse commemorated: the most famous creators of avant-garde art of the 20th century spent an hour reconciling the "classicists" or, accepting, poignantly, subtly and more deeply, embraced and conquered the classical tradition. Proust and Picasso, Dali and Prokofiev, Matiss and Stravinsky (the same Hesse and T. Mann).

In the evolution of Kharms the writer, it is no longer manifested blatantly, it seems that the “mayzhe regularity” is left unreasoned.

I know the paradox! Living in isolation from the life of the light culture of the 30s, the Oberiuts fought with this problem, like zahіdni _intellectuals: over the problem of movi, as for the sake of communication. Tsya theme is rich in what it signified the aesthetics, politics, ideology and information technologies of our days. “Kharms, together with his friend Vvedensky, became the ancestor of the literature of the absurd, as it is not a total reflection of the sense, but, on the contrary, it is something else that does not invest in the ultimate logic of the sense, which, as a rule, is ruining the tired logical connections” (p. 417).

It’s a pity, for such a prosunity you had to pay navit 20 pp.! After the first public speech by D. Kharms (since 1927), people triumphed: “Everything is fine, and Danya was not beaten” (p. 126).

For the irony of share, Kharms drifted in the bik literary tradition at the same time from the strength of our culture of the 30s. ZOVNISHNІ this drift of the singing world zbigsya with the vector development of the literature of the Stalinist empire, like yogo naming on the cob of the 30s the First Star of the Radian writers. The principal opinion was those that Kharms reached the classical tradition independently from vkazivok and thoughts to the beast and having taken absolute creative freedom from її razuminnі. And already one thing tserobili Yogo as a dissident in the eyes of the vlady. Vtіm, on the cob of the 30s wines still bov at the station of ultravanguardists.

A whiff of reprisals hit Kharms and his friends in the middle of the first and earlier rich and rich, just as they fought for the sameness of our literature.

At the breast of 1931 Kharms's fate and yoga comrades were arrested. The rampart of reprisals was only gaining chivalry, and it did not turn on them: it was easy to finish the punishment.

From the written words, do not swear: A. Kobrinskiy affirms that I.L. is guilty for the arrest. Andronikov, to the same number of oberiuts. “If all the other arrestees gave us evidence about themselves, and then they spoke about others, as members of the same group, then Andronikov’s testimony is the style of a classic denunciation” (p. 216).

Until the speech, Andronikov was the only one of the quiet, who passed on the right, who did not suffer in any way.

A 4-month-old posting to Kursk is, obviously, far from being the worst of the potential cars. Ale and її Kharms survived hard to finish. "We are from the material recognized for geniuses," - having respected wine as such (p. 282). And a genius, according to Kharms, can have three powers: dominion, clairvoyance and tenacity. Even then, too late, rozumіv, where the pull of all the rock falls.

At the terrible fate of 1937, at the third issue of the children's magazine "Chizh", D. Kharms wrote "From the house a man came." Now the scholars know of a new paraphrase of Kharms' quotes from the ideas of the philosopher A. Bergson. And then the epoch placed these verses in a different context, embodied little non-political satire.

Just listen to:
From home viyshov cholovik
With a cue and a bear
I on a long road,
I on a long road
Breaking pishki.
Vіn yshov mustache straight ahead
I marveled ahead.
Not sleeping, not drinking,
No beer, no sleep
Not sleeping, not drinking, not їv.
I axis once at dawn
Uvіyshov to the dark fox.
І from that hour
І from that hour
From that hour, the sign.
Ale yakscho yakos yogo
Become smart to you
Go faster
Go faster
Tell us soon.

On the very middle of the day, a “sign” for relatives of one of the most famous friends of Kharms N.M. Oliynikov. Having patted one of the wounds, I knew the woman rushed, boom, take care of him. Ale hit two people at once, like they were accompanying yoga. Oliynikov's glance confirmed that he had guessed, that he gasped... After five months, the poet Oliynikov was spent.

At the end of the month, and Kharms himself check for famously, check for arrest. Yogo team Marina Malich guessed: When we wanted to, we knew each other, at once the pishka went to the forest and lived there” (p. 382).

Todi Kharms was not arrested, but that kind of literature was taken into account: they hindered others.

The fates of the most vicious evil, the right hunger, have come. Multiply tse on the creative crisis, like Harms experiencing it! Vtіm, the crisis was like a marvelous one. Not those shchob zovsіm not written: vycherpalis verses. Then prose texts were more often. Vlasne, it was the cause of the crisis of "perebudovi" - the crisis of creative growth and the emergence of new genres.

And the gloom thickened not over Kharms alone. Vіn gostro vіdchuvav vіyskovoї insecurity. Literally a few days before the possible call to the front (on the 30th leaf fall, 1939, a war broke out with the “Finland booger”), I was far away to take a white ticket. For whom Kharms had a chance to play a mental disorder.

The clerk roamed his insanity from military service. "At the prison you can get rid of yourself, but in the barracks you can't, it's impossible," repeating the wine (p. 444).

12 days before the beginning of the Great Veterinary War, Danilo Kharms writes his remainder and the most important explanation of "Rehabilitation". Tse, perhaps, the first after the hour, and like a glittering eye of the black humor of the Russian mine:

“Without boasting, I can say that if Volodya hit me in the ear and spit in my cholo, I snorted so much that I won’t forget my wine. Already later I beat Yogo with a primus, and with Praskoy I beat Yogo in the evening. I also died vin zovsim not once. But Andriyiv ​​I drove in simply for inertia, and in which I cannot call myself ... They call me less bloodthirsty, it seems that I drank blood, but it’s not so. I podlizuvav krov'yanі kalyuzhі and plyami - tse natural need of a person to be poor follow his own, even empty, malice. And so I did not ґvaltuvav Elizaveta Antonivna. First, she wasn’t a girl anymore, but in a different way, I’m right with the corpse, and I don’t have to worry. ).

You can, well, laugh. Ale, perhaps, so inconspicuously expanding the framework accepted in our literature, Kharms prophesying and crooked mysive, the mayor of which already hung over the co-workers and became less real for them, lower in 2 days?

Having rehearsed Kharms and the year of his arrest. On September 23, 1941, the fate of the vin buv was “taken” by the NKVS spivrobitniks in their apartment. For whom, who is psychologically ill, D.I. Yuvachev-Kharms, having spent his time at the field, is the “merit” of the informer. Vaughn reported to the "authorities" about the critical speech of the writer at the address of Radyanskoy vlady. Now we know im'ya tsієї panі. Her name was Antonina Oranzhireeva (born Rosen). At the war, the fates of you will become an “arrest” under Hanna Akhmatova, and she will not guess the creation. If Anta Oranzhireeva died in 1960, Akhmatova should be dedicated to his memory:

Memory of Anti

Let's learn from the next cycle ...
I can see the smile of clear eyes,
I "died" so pitifully fell
To the name of the dear,
Nibi first
i chula yoga

By the grace of dear Anti, Kharms was taken to trial. In 1941, the fate of yoga was placed in the psychiatric department of the prison clinic at the Khresty. On February 2, 1942, at the worst hour for the blockade, Kharms died.

Wonderful share yoga widow. From the blockade, Marina Malich spent to evacuation, from her - to occupation, star - to emigration. In France, she got to know nareshti zі her mother, as if she left her in childhood. Anxiety moral goiter did not tie Marina to her father, and Malich went abroad for ... її squad, his vitch Visheslavtsev. Later, she moved with him to Venezuela, de її the third (after Kharms and Visheslavtsev), becoming a representative of the old noble family Yu. 1997 roku sin transported її to the USA, de Marina Malich and died 2002. on the 90th anniversary of life. The share confirmed the correctness of the words of Danil Kharms, who, if he said that there are more miracles in the world, I don’t think so.

Unfortunately, the marvel at Kharms's share was his less creative work.

Like and be-like genre, biography can be submerged. Outside the framework of Kobrinsky's book, the broader context of worldly and vitchiznyanoi literature was left, in which Kharms's work gains additional significance. Wanting to stay on a purely biographical level, Kobrinskiy should report to speak about the folded rapprochement with the greatest poets of that hour V. Mayakovsky and B. Pasternak, with philologists B. Eichenbaum and V. Shklovsky. Alas, it is not said about Kharms’s influx on the postmodern generation of writers, even here she didn’t fringe herself on the right with only “Kharms”, as if she had called the yogi of the recently known epigonists as a literary authority.

Obviously, such research is more suitable for scientific research. But the creativity of Kharms on the floor is still alive and important for our fellow students, the floor is original (and sometimes people are super-cooked and the very fact of yoga is poured in), which is hardly possible for the locals.

And all the same, in a flash, a reconciliation and a cicavi portrait of a miraculous writer were created in the frame of the yogo epoch. Zavdyaki tsіy knizi Danilo Kharms become for a wide reader not іm'yam and not a myth, but a living person. First of all.

Valery Bondarenko

Bologiv P.
Danilo Kharms. Certificate of pathographic analysis

To respect: "You wrote with mercy," - say:
So always look at my writing.
From the works of D. Kharms

Патографія як частина клінічної та соціальної психіатрії, а також її історії, є одночасно особливим методичним прийомом вивчення видатних особистостей, з дослідженням хвороби (або особистісних аномалій) та оцінкою діяльності (творчості у найширшому значенні слова) даного суб'єкта у конкретній соціокультуральній ситуації.

At the link, you can discuss some of the outstanding works of Danil Kharms (1905-1942) in light of his biography (psychopathological features and the human lot).

From biographical data about the decline of the writer, it was known that Kharms’s mother (a teacher for enlightenment) worked at the right woman’s mortgage, for about ten years she lived together with her son, which is why one of the biographers wrote about Kharms: at the v'yaznitsa". Mother was rebellious with a strong-willed, uncompromising character, at the same time she was of little comradeship, to be formal and zhorstko, stingy with expressiveness. There were no such things as trusting, warm stosunkiv from the blue, perhaps. Schodennikov's records of the writer explain with the names of titons, other relatives, there are no proteges of riddles about mothers in them. In an autobiographical outline (“Now I’m born, as I was born ...”) Kharms in power yoma grotesquely-absurdly shows that “... appearing unborn and born a couple of months earlier than the term ... the midwife ... began to shove me back, I forgot the stars ... ”, then it’s clear that yogo “sniffed in a hurry, don’t get there”, and suddenly appeared in the world after that, like a mother was given a pronunciation. In this rank, the mother becomes an object of gluzuvannya, and the author himself, identifying himself with excrement, demonstrates the extreme step of self-humiliation with a lot of emotional vadi, creating a life scenario of a person-nevdahi, which, having been born, is not like a real life, it does not sound. From the other side, tsyu "metaphor" can be looked at as a confirmation of the recognition of the mother, as it is filled with static-baiduzhoy every hour, without showing interest, as the very way to be born as a child. You can admit that Kharms is trying to take revenge on his mother, knowing his image, and then, do not punish yourself through disobedience to the mother's figure, associating yourself with impurities. Dane's admission, being a simplistically hypothetical, can be used to show the characteristics of vulnerability and sensitivity in Kharms's special structure with elements of emotional strengthening and regressive syntony on the kshtalt "tree that slope". Tsya key characterological feature of the writer, called "psychesthetic proportion", laid a mark on his creativity and richly in what was called his originality.

The father of the writer (Ivan Yuvachov), having joined the organization "Narodna Volya" in his youth, ale mayzhe once again was arrested. Perebuvayuschie at the casemate Shlіsselburzkoї fortezі, vіn experiencing a miraculous transformation svіtoglyadu: z perekonana socialist and atheist vіn pretending to be a fanatical-religious person. The rich people who were sitting with him were talking about “religious Goddess” who needed to be transferred from the fort to the monastery. Unforgettably, Father Kharms was sent to send to Sakhalin, de sent from A.P. Chekhov, who called Yogo in his notes “a miraculously practical and kind person.” After the return to Petersburg I. Yuvachov became an Orthodox preacher, publishing close to 10 books of rhyativny zmistu under the pseudonym "Peaceful". Sin having heard the father, having saved his voice, writing from the sacred books. Pіznіshe vin himself, already a writer, more often put together sea parables. Ale, in Kharms’s moods, the didactics was entangled, inverted, chimeric: “... it’s normal for a professor to sit on a bed in a church, holding a wudka in her hands and catching some invisible fish on a pidloz. This professor is more than a stingy butt of that, like rich in unfortunate life, like borrowing the wrong space from life, like borrowing a trace”, or - “one person, zmalko to deep old age, slept forever on her back with crossed hands. Sorry, Vin died. To that - do not sleep on boots. The anti-didacticism of Kharms is a caricature that reveals the presence of the primordial human commandments and ambushes. For whom everything is manifested as a bazhannya of moralizing, and a parody of the name of a modern writer of our society is to inspire a lot for the genie of a person. The father is not wise and not praising the son’s creativity, but unrespectingly on his own, having lost authority for Kharms by stretching his long and short life - “Vchora tato having told me that, while I will be Kharms, I need to be revisited. Danilo Charms. Batkivska light-hearted inconsistency, categorical and ambivalent, exalted opposition, and the rest of the rocks and paradoxical religion were declined by the writer and played an unimaginable role in his total share.

Little Danil Yuvachov had a lot of talents. Vіn mav an absolute musical sensitivity, good sleep, engraving on the horn, richly malyuvav, bv tyamushchy, wine-like, shy to the point of leprosy. From childhood maw nevgamovnu fantasy, and mayzhe zavzhdy zavzhdy momentarily reconcile one-liners with the reality of their visions. Studying at the Lutheran Gymnasium, I thoroughly studied German and English language. With whom, not only did I read foreign poetry, exclusively in first works, but I also maw the helpless vimova. Already in the gymnasium, Danil's predilection for theatrical hoaxes and extravagant windings appeared. Having created a well-thought-out system of conduct - from clothes to casting spells and masks - pseudonyms. Having completely overwhelmed the teacher, do not put him in a double - “do not impersonate an orphan”, under the gatherings, having “settled” your house, you are deeply in love with “muterchen”, starting long conversations with it at the presence of the afflicted susides. Climbing up a tree and for a few years sitting among the trees, writing down in a little book. Try to show that, regardless of the obvious expressions of demonstrativeness and extravagance, Kharms collapsed not so much to cope with the enemy, as to realize his autistic and narcissistic fantasies. Already in the middle of the century, through the diva, conflicts with society begin in the behavior: at 19 years of Yuvachov, they are excluded from the electrical engineering school, they did not succeed in getting any higher, or middle special education. “They fell on me a sprat of zvinuvachen, for which I may lose the technical school ... 1). Inactivity in community robots 2). I don’t fit the class physiologically ”- such a rank, schizo-specific dynamics to bring disharmony in the blue with a sharp, as seen by Kharms himself. In young people, the fates of the wines are rich and intensively engaged in self-illumination, for the help of any attainment of significant results. It’s important to keep your interests close: order from the works of literary classics - create ancient and modern philosophers; sacred texts of Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism, treatises of mystical and occult magic, interspersed with numerous books on psychiatry and sexopathology. Literary expanse is progressively christened, Kharms's texts (reminiscences, citations, motives) will be connected with such a year: A. Bily, V. Blake, K. Hamsun, N. Gogol, E.-T.-A. Hoffman, G. Meyrink, K. Prutkov. In the context of their creativity, they learn and philosophers: Aristotle, Pythagoras, Plato, I. Kant, A. Bergson, Z. Freud. At the right time of reading that letter, the hour of youth Kharms continues to “divuvati”: to burn a pipe of an unusual form, to wear a top hat and leggings, to translate non-pіvskі pіsenki nіmetskoy mova and vіdstukuє pіd them chechitka, vigaduє ballersobі I’m scrawny. In 1924, Yuvachov's most famous pseudonym, Danilo Kharms, appeared. Vzagali, Danil Ivanovich's pseudonyms were close to 30, and they were gloomy minus: Khharms, Khaarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, Harmonius, Shardam and іn. Prote itself "Kharms" with its ambivalent ambivalence (French Charm - charm, Charm and English Harm - Skoda) most accurately reflected the day of the writer's task to life and creativity: in mind to ironize over the most serious speeches and not to have fun. Точно така ж амбівалентність була характерна і для особистості самого Хармса: його орієнтація на гру, містифікації поєднувалися з хворобливою недовірливістю, алогічність внутрішнього світу переносилася на світ навколишній, магічне мислення зумовлювало зовнішній сенс псевдоніма - Данило Чародей - людина, впевнена у своїх парапсих («запалити famously navkolo himself”), to bring misfortune to those whom you love. The cob of literary activity Kharms sat 1925 r. Vin, entering the poets - "plane trees", then - "wise men", performing on the stage with their own verses, moreover, the public often took this meaning and formal poetic experiments even more ambiguously. Scandals were often saved, so in 1927, Kharms began to read in front of an audience, poring over now with a flock, now with a house. Ignoring those who at that time were already a member of a collection of poets, it is unlikely that they had any illusions about the survival of their “grown-up” creations. The early poetry of Danil Kharms is composed of okremy, for an hour not intermingled phrases, but neologisms fill the whole spectrum of possible meanings:

Like a grandmother waved
I immediately steam locomotive
Giving to the children and saying:
Drink porridge and screen

All the best is here:
Є і sounds, і snіgi.
And you, titka, are not frail,
You mikuka on the heel.

The appeal of alogisms and semantic versatility as linguistic experiments was widely celebrated by the formal literary schools of the beginning of the century, especially by the futurists (D. Burlyuk, A. Kruchenikh, V. Khlebnikov). However, in Kharms's mind, we can rightly not with experiments (like at that time it had long been fashionable), but with a self-sufficient creative method.

Those vіrshiv (in which one can catch a good sense) to avenge tensions on the vlasna vinyatkovіst, not in terms of self-denial, inflicting the powerful on young poetic talents, but in terms of hostility to different maxims and templates:

I am a genius of half-moon promos.
I am pan of free thoughts.
I am the king of stupid beauty.
I am the God of lofty heights.
I am the bright joy of a glass.
If I throw my glance at the NATO,
Natovp like a bird zavmiraє.
I forgot about me, like forgot about stovpa,
Stay silent NATO.
I natovp met like a smittya.

The scandalous reputation of Kharms was promoted not only by his unusual creative manner, as if looked down below, but also by extravagant swirls of manners, but also by a chimerical, callous look. Prasychuchi is the main thing, the main Masi Gromyan, pushed into Borotbu for the ilotstustyalzatsya of the Krainina, Harms Zylyavia in the Gromadsky msziy “at the Dovgom Syurtuk, by hosting Vvikystye, Yaku Shchendeliye. “Sometimes, for the same reasons, taєmnichih, bandaging the cholo with a narrow black velvet. So I walked, obeying internal laws. One of the clues of Kharms was "vinahid" by his brother, who was a private assistant professor of St. Petersburg University, a burkot and a snob. The manners of this "brother" of wines and inherited. So, virushayuchi in a cafe, taking silver cups from him, pulling them out of a bag and drinking more than his own dishes. If you are near the theatre, then sticking a fake coat on, declaring that it is “indecent for people to go to the theater without a coat”. Reading from the stage, putting on a shovkovy kovpak for a teapot on his head, wearing a monocle-cule with a look of a glassy eye, loving to walk along the railings and cornices. At the same time, people, who knew Kharms to finish close, meant that yoga divacity and diva, as if by chance, harmoniously complemented yoga’s own creativity. The protege of Kharms’s behavior and behavior called out distrust and hostility of the otochyuchiy, they took it as a slur to instill an embarrassment from a suspenseful thought, and sometimes they blamed the representatives of the government directly: The outrageous behavior, which often becomes a part of the image of creative nature, in this state of affairs was absolutely out of harmony with the social middle ground and the huge installations. It can be summarized that, regardless of the political atmosphere, which was thickening, Kharms's behavior was dictated by internal little-explained motives, without balancing realities. Just as chaotic and stupid was the life of a writer. Having made friends with a 17-year-old girl, with these French immigrants, as the ice spoke Russian, she was absolutely far away from quiet interests, like Kharms is alive, and also far from the yogic stake of aggregation. Dekilka verses of Kharms, dedicated to the squad, written in the range from pathetic naga, low passion, to vulgar pornography. Shchodennikov's recordings have a motif of unreasonableness and growing intimacy in family relationships, lowness rises with agility, jealousy rises with a seemingly obtrusive and monotonous flirtation with feisty women. The growing ambivalence of feelings and the dissociation of emotions in the case of the buttless lack of power led to the inevitable rise of the hundreds of soldiers from the retinue.

Our country has a long hour Kharms used to visit us before a childish writer. K. Chukovsky and S. Marshak highly valued this aspect of his creativity, inspiring a singing world respected Kharms as the forerunner of childish literature. Transition to creativity for children (and a phenomenal success with a child reading audience) The neologisms of Kharms are also infantile and predict the death of a child’s words or svіdomі agramatizm (“skaska”, “doggie”, “luskatka”, “felt boots”, “sabachka”, “metelik” just).

With this, Kharms’s attitude to children is very characteristic: “I don’t like children, old and old ... True children are zhorstoko. Ale scho - do you need to work with them? ". A letter from the novel "Stara" categorically states: "Children are a gidota." Kharms himself, explaining his dislike for children in a delusional key: “All speeches are roared in much less effective forms. Ale deyakі forms vіdsutnі. So, for example, there are no forms of quiet sounds, as if children could see with their cry. That's why I don't like children." The theme of "dislike for children" goes through the rich work of Kharms. The reasons for this appearance must be shukat in the childishness of the writer himself, maybe Kharms cannot take on his childish image, have a connection with some inacceptable ways and associations, and transfer his fortune-telling to children. Sochasnik guesses: “Kharms endure the birth of children and write tsim. That tse yshlo youmu. It seemed to me that I was on the side of yoga. Vіn, zvichayno, buv stay with the family. If the offspring were given, it would be more terrible.”

Who, having folded Kharms's speech, the Crimean brothers in pen? Among the people who were moved away by divaks, mentally ill (as they called them - “natural thinkers”), they were most valued by people as alogism and independence of thought, “godliness”, freedom in the oblique traditions and vulgar stereotypes in mysticism. “It’s less for me to cackle“ nіsenіtnitsa ”; only those who have no practical sense. It’s less for me to talk about life in my mindless manifestation. Heroism, pathos, bravery, morality, hygiene, morality, rozchulennya that excitement - hated for me the words that almost. Ale, I’m full of mind and respect: suffocation and suffocation, suffocation and rozpach, predilection and strimanity, dissipation and sensuality, turmoil and grief, joy and laughter. “Be it a muzzle of a sensible style, it calls out to me that I don’t recognize it.” Kharms, in this manner, will vote for spontaneity and bezperednist sensibility, without any logical interpretation and any kind of internal censorship. Such a light-seeing pidkhid explains the exaggerated "ditness" of the writer's behavior and creativity. This literary style, close in its principles to European "dadaism", formed the basis of the group created in 1928 by Kharms and the one-thinking group of OBERIU ("The Association of Real Art"). The performances that reigned and the literary evenings were held with elements of clownery and shock: the participants read their creations sitting on the wardrobes, rose on the stage on children's bicycles along the strong trajectories, crossed with a creid, hung posters of an absurd zmist. and etc. OBERIU categorically did not fit into the literary process of the era of socialist everyday life and totalitarianism, which is being promoted. About 3 years passed by, and the participants were branded at the press like “literary hooligans”, they were victorious, but they did not in any way be abused. P'esa Kharms "Elizaveta Bam" (1929) is the butt of building to vanish the patterns of the upholstered mind, to look at the phenomena from the unseen sides, often touching the broken soul of the otochuyuchy. The unique creative style of Kharms, which can be called a total inversion, is residually formed in the rock itself. The principle of this style in the global change of the sign: life, all this-worldly, nature, marvel, science, history, specialness - realism; potoybіchne, death, nebuttya, lifeless, bezosobove - right reality. Sounds of super eloquence and dramatic nature of texts, with shifting meanings and accents in the opposite kind of logic Bik – up to intuition. J. Lacan, a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, investigating the psychogenesis of mental disorders, attaching particular importance to structural and linguistic disorders in mentally ill people. As if the world of yoga descriptions can accept an explanation of the originality of Kharms's creative manner:

Bachiv I see the peas.
Rise up and quickly breathe.

that semantic aphasia -

Hey chants! Let's talk!
Mi fly and fly there.
Hey chants! Call me!
Call me and THERE call.

Until 1930, Kharms’s fate on a variety of unfavorable factors (family discord, social ostracism, material needs) was marked by periods of a clearly lowered mood, with the manifestation of ideas of self-abasement, perversion of one’s mediocrity and fatal unluckyness. For schilnistyu to neologisms, Kharms gave his melancholy wife a name: "Ignavia". Kharms firmly attaches his affectiveness and sensitivity behind an autistic façade. Otzhe, it is possible to clinically consider Kharms' special features as psychopathic. In the structure of special features, one can see both narcissistic and hysterical (“nonsense and shakhra”, “divaks and originals” according to E. Bleuler), as well as psychasthenic drawings, which allow one to classify psychopathy to the level of “mosaic” schizoids. However, the presence of a sign of stabilization and compensation of psychopathy, the impossibility of adhering to life and knowing one's social niche to a mature age, as well as the growth of autization with an even greater wind in reality, allow one to speak about the signs of schizo-suspecting latency. Grace in a person, which creates extravagant and mysterious features, step by step ceased to be a thunder, became the heart of Kharms's special character. To talk about the “amalgamation” of the acquired psychopathic rice from the schizo core of specialness, which is also to say that the process is endogenous. The special dynamics, broken by Kharms, in such a rank, fit into the framework of pseudo-psychopathy and may be signs of procedurality. Rough demonstrativeness follows autistic thoughts and increased vulnerability, affective discord is becoming more and more atypical in years: signs of monoideism, dysphoria prevail in depressions, and hypomania is accompanied by a bad effect and alcoholism. From Kharms's writings we know about the episodes of dromomania, some autobiographical literary verses describe subpsychotic experiences (“About those who saw me as visniks”, “Ranok”, “Ranok”). Deyakі rozpovіdі ta leaf can be zrazry razladіv myslennya for schizophrenic type (shaving of thoughts, zіskovzuvannya, perseveration, symbolic leaf). When it is necessary to adopt a formal writing style, it could change from time to time in the spirited style of Kharms' creativity, which will improve all the intermediary features. An indirect sign that confirms the manifestation of the progression of the disease and the deacing of the darkening of the clear psychopatho-like symptoms over time, the dominance of persistent rice divacuity, chimerism, and emotional "combination" of the type of post-procedural fusion.

In the rest of the days of 1931, Kharms was arrested for pardoning a denunciation. At the NKVS checkpoint, it was close to pivroku, then we sent messages to Kursk. At the v'yaznitsa, that mischievous Kharms team could no longer be attached to the navkolishny sharpening. For breaking the prison regime, Yogo was repeatedly transferred to the isolation ward. V'yaznytsia ruynіv vplynul on the special character of the quarrelsome writer. Kursk had such typical schodennikov's notes: "... A dog's fear of knowing on me ... In fear of the heart, you begin to tremtiti, your legs go cold and the fear of wrestling for the potilisa ... To spend money on the building of your statutes, and you will be blessed." “Kursk is an unacceptable place. I see the DPZ prevail. Here, among all the city dwellers, I am famous for being an idiot. On the street, I seem to be on my back. Therefore, I may sit for the whole hour in my room ... ". In the autumn of 1932 Kharms turned to Leningrad. Recalcitrance, nepritosovaniya ("I'm all special nevdakh"), starving, prote unsuccessfully trying to live only a literary practice. I don’t want to add “on the side” of wines, or simply I didn’t have a moment.

This is how hunger begins:

Badyorim is thrown from the wound,
Let's start weakness,
Then the nudga begins;
Let's wait, it's a waste
Shvidkogo rozuma strength, -
Let's stay calm,
And then we start to feel bad.

His literary creativity Kharms prishovu є vіd otochuyuchih, z marvelous arrogance vіdmovlyаєєєі vіdnennya svoєї tvorchesі ta write "at style". The music of rock is growing in the vaga prosi, and the leading genre is becoming an admonition. The volume written by Kharms is relatively small and can fit in one volume. Looking back at those that the trivality of yoga creativity has become close to 15 years, we can talk about the reduced creativity of practice. Kharms himself calls the period from 1932 rock the period of "decline". And yet, at this very hour, that creative maturity rises, the story “Stara” and the most popular cycle of advocacy “Vypadki” are being created. Kharms' prose will not be based on formal experiments and neologisms, but on absurdity and inconsistency with the plot, which creates a strong emotional effect:

Writer: I am a writer.
Reader: And in my opinion, ty g ... oh!
The writing-book is worth a sprat of hvilin prigolomshheny with a new idea and falls dead. Blame Yogo.

With the rest of the fates, Kharms's thought collapses on a more gloomy side. The stylistics of the opposition is also changing: the change of semantic and semantic aphasia leads to moral aphasia. In the description of expressive disorders in osib, ailments for schizophrenia, damage to sylological structures is indicated: schizophrenic vicarious form, like playing an identical attachment, like, for example, in Kharms: "Mashkin strangled Koshkin." There is an increase in the number of non-standard metaphors, the plots have a specially schematic, formalized character, which is a characteristic sign of an autistic writing style (you can draw an analogy with the famous Gogol or Strindberg). One hour silayuetsya up to abstract and paradoxical mirkuvannya, abstract moralization and reasoning. Chinni characters without special features, mechanistically - caricatures, these additions allowed for internal logic, psychologically unreasonable and inadequate. There is an enmity of the universal Bedlam, ordered by the chimerical vigins of the writer's thought, fatal and chaotic: “Once Orlov was about a pea-maker and died. And Krilov, having learned about it, died. And Spiridoniv died of himself. And Spiridonov's squad fell from the buffet and died. And the children of Spiridonov drowned at the headquarters. And the grandmother of SPIRIDONOVA drunk I drove with roads ... "The tragism of the Vovydan to turn to the worship of the hopelessness, inevitably suck in the Bozheville, the Gourom is a murmur. and ogidu (“Vpadannya”, “Vihuvannya”, “Litsari”, “Pereshkoda”, “Rehabilitation” and others.).

Being suddenly friends, Kharms sees his powerlessness to change the sound of the situation, sharply confesses his fault in front of the squad, as if the bula was embarrassed by the evil spirits of hunger with him. The students of the Daedalus often have characteristic notes: “I am dumbfounded. It's scary. Povna impotence in all senses ... I have reached the majestic fall. I've spent enough practice... I'm a living corpse... Our men have become even bigger... We're hungry... I can't do anything. I don’t want to live ... God, send us more death”, And, nareshti - “God, now I have one single thing before you: my life, beat me enough, throw it in hell, don’t call me on pivdora, but spare me less nadії і shvidko znishchi me for ever and ever”.

They killed us near the field of life.
There is no hope more.
About happiness, a dream passed away.
I've lost more zlidni.

For example, thirty-five years of Kharms' way of life and yoga behavior are becoming so extravagant, wanting to shock the public no longer. You can allow the growth of autization due to the current criticism of the elementary instinct of self-saving, the manifestation of emotional decline, which led to an increase in non-transferability of impulsivity and inadequacy of behavior. Shchodennikov's note from 1938: “We're going to sleep till winter. On the way to the booth, it’s clear that he’s overwhelmed, I’m guessing that she’s a sailor. Before me, the policeman tumbled in, the doorkeeper is still there. They said that I would overwhelm the bagmen at the booth opposite for three years. I hung firanki. I’ll take a look: old in one shirt, or a young person, we’re naked.” In 1939, Kharms squandered nareshti not only in the field of law enforcement agencies, but also psychiatrists. You need to go to the psychiatric clinic and after the registration, you take away the evidence of being ill with schizophrenia. It is unlikely that you can wait with these biographers, as they realize that Kharms’s mental illness was a “devil’s artistic mystification”, a simulation with the method of abrogating “protective literacy”, so that he could be re-arrested. For rich artists, insanely, ailment was one of the poorest benefits that allowed them to get together in the face of a world that was not good enough for them. At the time of Kharms, it is possible to allow, then only the aggravation of a stream of mental discord.

In 1941, Kharms was given another disability group, and then on April 23, 1941, another arrest was made: after an ear of war, the NKVS fighters “cleaned” the place. The official call made the fault of the writer "amazing moods". On a single photograph from the ship's ship, check that it was saved, taken by a person with skuyovdzhenim hair, with a viraz of extreme heat and I see at a glance. For PIDSTAVI conducted by Sudovo-Psihiatricho Expertizi Harms, yak to psychically ailly, stir-up vid crime viddalosty, Tu directing the Likyvannya to the psychiatric vitarniy.

The tragedy of Kharms, like an artist and like a human being, fought over yoga ailments. "Danilo Ivanovich ... led by his madness, smart enough to direct it and put yoga at the service of his art." It is important to say that, having seen Kharms outwardly pleased with his vision, he went to you "to marvel at the writing as if it were holy." It’s unlikely that everything is possible, but the very possibility of creative self-expression is to blame for helping you in stabilizing your mental state and succumbing to a more pleasant illness. The main problem is that Kharms appeared as a pathologically sounding key on the keyboard in his hour, his sound was dissonant, falling out of the wild melody, but it was false. Vіn sounding like this, as only and for a moment they sound through the peculiarities of their own particularities, for happiness for Russian literature and for misfortune for oneself. Kharms created and created his own surreal poetic scheme in the world, as if it were more effective. The share of such creators in the totalitarian era was ignorance and death, to that Kharms's share was divided by many of the closest literary friends. Demands in the era of revolutionary changes and lamanna suppleness vanguard (butt - V. Khlebnikov) became not needed and unsafe, if the bula was needed zagalna jealousy went out and thoughts.

The development of avant-garde literature in liberal Western countries confirms the role of the social official in the acceptance of new cultural phenomena. Kharms, having passed his hour, laurels of "batkiv absurdity" were taken away by E. Ionesco and S. Becket. F. Kafka, a writer rich in some ways similar to Kharms, as if not in form, then in plot problems, already taking away a lot of knowledge for life, and then we call “canonizations” as a classic of psychological prose the same mental illness, like Kharms).

Not yet being widely known in the Fatherland (because of the vineyard of children's verses), Kharms's creativity nabula bezlich chanuvalnikov in Zakhodі. Bulo was written by a great number of literary scholars and linguistic experts.

In Russia, the disgraced and forgotten Kharms was seen on photocopies, uperemish with impersonal letters and inheritance. A. Galich dedicating yoga to the memory of the outrageous "Balad about Tyutyun". L. Petrushevska and D. Prigov continued the traditions of Kharms in prose and performance forms, yoga became a cult among the youth mainstream. During the period of democratic changes in Russia, they blamed the numerical epigones, as if trying to copy the Kharms style. However, one of the nasleduvachiv did not get close to the manner of Kharms's sheet, which explains the impossibility of new empathy and the piece-working of the inner world, the "sight" of the person who suffers from schizophrenia, to that self-sufficient talent.

Today Kharms is one of the oldest and most popular authors in Russia. His talent has been tested for an hour, his creativity has turned to us from nebuttya that zabuttya. The same dilemma of “genius and god-ville” re-emphasizes those non-standard features, holy fools and mental ailments, persecuted and stratified, - the right movers of our culture. Unfortunately, progress comes at a cost.

At the end - rows of a verse, like Kharms dedicating to his friend, poet M. Oliynikov, shot in 1938 rock. Qi rows can be reversed and up to the author:

To laugh at your verse for an hour, to feel the turbulence for an hour,
For an hour you will confuse your hearing, you can’t make me laugh,
Vіn navіt to anger for an hour, and there is little in the new world,
І in the absence of drіbnіh prіbnіh prіv vіn zneviritsya hurry up.

Shoot! Turn back! Kudi cold thought
Are you flying, having forgotten the law of the juvenile juveniles?
Whom did you pierce in the chest with a gloomy arrow?
Who is your enemy? Who is a friend? І de your mortal stovp?

Wikoristan literature

Alexandrov A. "Truthful writer of the absurd". - At the book: D.I. Kharms. Prose. Leningrad - Tallinn: Agency "Lira", 1990, p.5-19.
Alexandrov A. Wonderful. The peculiarity and creativity of Danil Kharms. - At the book: D. Kharms. Watering at the sky. Vershi. Prose. Drama. Leaves. L .: "Radyansky pisnik", 1991, p.7 - 48.
J.-F. Jacquard. Danilo Kharms and the end of the Russian avant-garde. SPb., 1995
Kobrinsky A., Ustinov A. "I take the fate of a gloomy life." Comments. _ At the book: D. Kharms. Throat with a razor. "Dieslovo", N4, 1991, p. 5-17 and 142 - 194.
Petrov V. Danilo Kharms. _ St. book: Panorama of Mysticism. Vip. 13. Zb. articles and publications. M: "Radyansky artist", 1990, p.235 - 248.
Kharms D. Circus Shardam: a selection of mystical creations. - St. Petersburg: TOV Vidavnitstvo "Crystal", 1999. - 1120 p.
Schwartz Y. “I live restlessly…” Zі schodennikov. L .: "radiansky writer", 1990.
Shuvalov A. Pathographic drawing about Danil Kharms. - Independent psychiatric journal, N2, 1996, p.74 - 78.
Daniil Kharms and Poetics of Absurd: Essays and Materials / Ed. by N/Cornwell. London, 1991.

original at: http://www.psychiatry.ru/library/ill/charms.html

Danilo Kharms (Danilo Ivanovich Yuvachov) was born on 30 (according to the old style - 17) December 1905. Yogo Batko - Ivan Pavlovich Yuvachov bv the people's wine lot. For the fate of the People's Volunteer Territory Vin (the same naval officer) buv at 1883 p. convicted and convicted of four years in solitary confinement, and then - over ten years in penal servitude. Mati Kharmsa was in charge of a shed for a lot of convicts at St. Petersburg.
Harms studied at the St. Petersburg German school (Petershuli), de-learned the basic knowledge of German and English language. In 1924 Vіn enters the Leningrad Electrotechnical College, zvіdki through rіk bv switching off for "weak input" and "inactivity in hromada robots". In such a rank, neither above nor average special education did the writer succeed. Alevin was actively engaged in self-enlightenment, especially indulging in philosophy and psychology. Vignatkovo is alive with literary earnings. Since 1924, they begin to call themselves Kharms. Tse buv is the main yogo of numerical aliases; scho vіdbuvavsya, it's possible, and in the form of the French "charm" (charm, charіvnіst), and zazhav in the form of the English "harm" (shkoda, misfortune); Vіn dosit exactly in dobrobrazhav sutnіst stavlennija pisnik to life and creativity: Kharms was able to travest the most serious speeches and know even more sad moments in oneself, it would seem b, comedy. The same ambivalence of the bula is also characteristic of its specialty: orientation on the gro, on the joyful rally, they shared with an hour of sick distrust, with an uplift in the fact that wines bring misfortune to those whom you love.
Have 1925 r. Kharms gets to know the young Esther Rusakova and makes friends with her without a hitch. The novel and the shirt were foldable and more comfortable for both sides - right up to the separation in 1932. Keep all your life in memory of Esther and fight with her all the women, with whom the stars share.
Have 1925 r. Kharms uvіyshov among a small group of Leningrad poets, like Oleksandr Tufanov, they called themselves “reasons”. Here we see acquaintance and friendship with Oleksandr Vvedensky. In 1926 stench at the same time from the young philosophers Leonid Lipavsky and Yakov Druskin establish a united "plane tree". Approximately at the same time Kharms and Vvedensky boulevards were accepted in Leningrad as a branch of the All-Russian Union of Poets. In the collections of the Union, the stench of the Union has two of its own verses, as if they were deprived of the only “grown-up” creations, as they were judged to be punished. The main form of the activity of “chinariv” is to speak out to the readings of your verses at clubs, VNZ, literary groups; they ended up stinking with scandals.
Kharms takes a part in various current associations, initiating their creation. Have 1927 r. The culprit of the Association of Real Art (OBERIU), where, the Crimea of ​​Kharms and Vvedensky, included Mykola Zabolotsky, Kostyantyn Vaginov, Igor Bakhterev, who also joined them Mykola Oliynikov, who became a close friend of Kharms.
The single evening of OBERIU on September 24, 1928, becoming a deakim benefit of Kharms: the first one was read verses, and in another bula, the yoga song “Elizaveta Bam” was staged (it’s rich in what it says to the European theater of the absurd). Sharply negative reviews in the press indicated the impossibility of such evenings, now they could perform small programs. Nareshti, one of their speeches at the LDU schoolgirl called for a new ring in the counter-revolutionary. In 1930 OBERIU pinned its foundation, and for example, 1931. Kharms and Vvedensky were arrested. Virok, vtim, buv porivnya softly - sent to Kursk, and clops of friends led to the fact that even in the autumn of 1932 the poets could turn to Leningrad.
More reminders, born in 1927 Oliynikov and Boris Zhitkov organize the "Association of Writers in Children's Literature" and ask Kharms for it. From 1928 to 1941 he regularly writes in children's magazines "Jzhak", "Chizh", "Tsvirkun", "Zhovtyani", he publishes about 20 children's books. Vershі that prose for children and give their own way of yoga and game elements, but they wrote stink only for earnings that the author didn’t put pressure on him. The official party criticism placed before them was unambiguously negative.
After sending messages about yaky publications, about yaky speeches, the mov could no longer be. It was necessary for those, it was necessary to take their creativity from third parties. Therefore, the splintering of many oberuiuts and people close to them now took place in apartments. Kharms, Vvedensky, Lipavsky, Druskin, Zabolotsky, Oliynikov, conducted discussions on literary, philosophical and other topics. The activity of this group was three times a sprig of rocks. Ale in 1936 having made friends with the Kharkivyanka and went to her Vvedensky, in 1937. buv zareshtovany i nezabar razstrіlyany Olіynikov.
"Grown up" create Kharms is now written exclusively "in style". Poetry is changing prose; In the 30s. vinikaє pragnennya great form. First of all, you can consider the cycle “Vypadki” – thirty small descriptions and scenes, like Kharms roztashuvav in singing order, rewriting in okremium zoshit ta dedicating his other squad Maryna Malich (having become friends with this wine in 1935). Have 1939 r. z'yavlyaetsya friend is great rіch - the story "Stara". There are about a dozen reports written in 1940-1941.
Until the end of the 30s, the hoop around Kharms was squeezed. Daedalus is less able to make friends with children's magazines. The last thing that became a real hunger. The tragedy of the writings of the writer during the period swells up to the appearance of new hopelessness, new stupidity of reason. Kharmsov's humor also goes through a similar evolution: from the lung, the ironic troch - to black.
The cob of warfare and the first bombardment of Leningrad made Kharms almost feel the nearness of a damp death. Torishny sickle 1941 Vіn buv arrests for "amazing speeches". For a long time, nobody knew anything about yoga, a distant share, less than a fierce 1942 p. Marina Malich told about the death of a man. Thought about yoga, the rest of the days are super lucid. Dehto vvazha, scho Kharms, threatening to shoot him, simulating mental discord and directions to the prison psychiatric hospital, de and died the first besieged Leningrad winter. There is also information that Kharms, not long before his arrest, was diagnosing schizophrenia, that was the reason why the hospital for primus liquor was located in the premises. Unbeknownst to me, de vin died - near Leningrad and Novosibirsk. Date of death - February 2, 1942.
The manuscripts of Kharms were saved by his friend Josip Druskin; Vіn having taken their uzimka 1942 from the spoiled stone of the writer. Not separated from the circle of the valіzkoy nі in evacuation, not after turning to Leningrad, close to twenty rokіv not sticking together, taking hope for a miracle - the turn of the ruler. And only if hope was gone, having begun to sort out the papers of a deceased friend.
In Danil Kharms, there are verses, yaki richly, who are called prophets:

From home viyshov cholovik
With a motuzka and a bear
І on a distant road, І on a distant road
Breaking pishki.
Vіn іshov i marveling ahead,
And marveling ahead,
Not sleeping, not drinking,
Not sleeping, not drinking,
Not sleeping, not drinking, not їv.
І axis of one wound
Uvіyshov vin at the dark forest
From that hour, from that hour,
From that hour I knew...
How to do yoga here
Bring you wisdom
Todі shvidshe, todi shvidshe,
Tell us soon.

Twenty-five years after the death of Kharms, I appreciated the wide reading. It began to be a friend of the people, as it continues today.

..............................................
Copyright: Danilo Kharms

Biography

KHARMS, DANIIL IVANOVICH (real name Yuvachev) (1905-1942), Russian poet, prose writer, playwright. Born on 17 (30) December 1905 in St. Petersburg. Batko Yogo, if he was a naval officer, he was attracted to court in 1883 for his part in the People’s Volunteer Territory, having spent several years in solitary confinement and more than ten years in penal servitude, de, maybe, having survived a religious brutality: order with memoir books. 1901) and Schlіsselburzka Fortress (1907) and published mystical treatises Between the world and the monastery (1903), Mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven (1910) and in. Kharms studied at the St. Petersburg privileged German school (Petershuli), de-learned the basic knowledge of German and English language. In 1924, having entered the Leningrad Electrotechnical School, he was stricken with a vengeance for "weak influence" and "inactivity among the communal robots." From that hour on, the whole writing practice is alive and only literary income. Accompanying writing is a varied self-illumination, with a special sleight of hand in philosophy and psychology, as a sign of one’s worker, it proceeded super-intensely.

Having seen the “strength of the world” in oneself and having formed poetry with one’s poverty, the poet A. V. Tufanov (1877-1941), the chanuval and seller V. V. Khlebnikov, the author of the book Do Zaum (1924) ) ) and the founder (near birch 1925) of the Order of Zaumnikov, the core of which included Kharms, who took the title “Dzir zaumі”. Through Tufanov, having become close to A. Vvedensky, we will learn more of the orthodox poet - "khlibnikivtsya" and lover A. Kru. Terentyev (1892-1937), creating a number of agitations, including the “actualizing” stage adaptation of the Inspector, parodied in Twelve Styles I. Іfa ta Є. Petrov. Z Vvedensky Kharms was bound by a mіtsna friendship, that, for an hour without any particular implication, taking on the role of Kharms' mentor. Prote directing їхної creativity, arguable in the plan of philosophic jokes, is left on the cob a fundamental difference: Vvedensky’s vinicator and chooses a didactic attitude, Kharms outweighs the game. About tse to speak the first vіdomі yogo vіrshovani texts: Kіka z Kokoyu, Vanka Vstanka, The land to speak was blamed by the grooms of that Poema Mikhaili.

Introductive forgetting Harmsa Nove Novey Svekavannya, having known the yogo with his own friends L. Lipavsky, I. Druskeim, vinators of the Fіlosofsky viddіlennnye to the faculty of suspended, the Vislavny of the Vishtyki in 1922 in 1922 to develop the idea of ​​self-worth, specialty and intuitive knowledge. They looked madly at Kharms's thought, 15 more than fateful stinks were the first hearers and Kharms' pozinovuvachami, at the hour of the blockade Druskin vryatuvav did yoga with a miracle.

Shche in 1922. Vvedensky, Lipavsky and Druskin fell asleep a trinity union and began to call themselves "plane trees"; in 1925, Kharms came before them, becoming a “plane-gazer” and suddenly gaining scandalous popularity in the stakes of avant-garde writers under his newly found pseudonym, which became the multiplicity of the English word “harm” - “misfortunes”. In the meantime, create your own for the children of the wines, signing and in the same way (Charms, Shardam toshcho), but not to be respected by the power of the call. Pseudo-nim buv zakripleniya i at the entrance questionnaire of the All-Russian Union of Poets, where Kharms was accepted in the year 1926 on the presentation of the performances of his works, two of them (Vypadok on the vault and Virsh of Petr Yashkin - komunist) were in the distance to swear at the small circulation of the Union. Krіm them, until the end of the 1980s, only one “grown-up” Kharms’s work was published in the SRSR - verse Mary comes out, watching the uklin (SB Day of poetry, 1965).

As a member of the literary community, Kharms, having taken away the opportunity to speak to the readers of his verses, but having become accustomed to it only once, in the same 1926 - otherwise try to be marnimi. A playful cob of yoga performances stimulated the dramatization and stage performance: in 1926, together with Vvedensky, preparing a synthetic performance for the avant-garde theater "Radiks" Kharms got to know K. Malevich, and the head of Suprematism, having given him his book, God does not throw it off with the inscription “Go and make progress”. His own verse On the death of Kazimir Malevich Kharms, having read in a memorial service for the artist in 1936. Kharms’ tension to a dramatic form appeared in the dialogue of rich verses (Spokusa, Lapa, Pomst, etc.), as well as in the composition of the Comedies of the City of Petersburg and the first, most importantly - p'ysi Єlizaveta Bam, presented on September 24, 1928 at a single evening of the "Association of Real Science" (OBERIU), where, Krim Kharms and Vvedensky, included M. Zabolotsky, K. Vaginov and I. Bakhterev and M. Oliynikov became so close to him - Kharms had a special closeness with him. The union was unsteady, less than three fates dawned (1927-1930), and the fate of the new Kharms was more pronounced, that none of the creative principles came into contact. The characterization given to you by Zabolotsky, the ordering officer of the OBERIU manifesto, seems to be inconspicuous: “the playwright sings, respect for some kind of zealudzhen is not so in a static position, but in zіtknenni low objects, zіkhnої zaєminah”. Naprikintsy 1927 Oliynikov and B. Zhitkov organize the "Association of Writers in Children's Literature" and ask Kharms for it; From 1928 to 1941, he regularly published in the children's magazines "Yzhak", "Chizh", "Tsvirkun" and "Zhovtyani", in an hour he published about 20 children's books. Do it to the natural inspirations of Kharms’s creativity and give your own way of playing the game, but, as for those witnesses of yoga, the students of that list, they wrote stinks exclusively for making money (from the middle of the 1930s, it’s not especially important). The stench was treated by the efforts of S. Ya. Marshak, placing critical criticism before them, starting from the articles of Pravda (1929). Against hack work in children's literature, it was unambiguous. Imovirno, that happened to change and change the pseudonym postiyno. The newspaper “Zmina” rated the work of 1930 as the “poetry of a class enemy”, the article became the forerunner of the arrest of Kharms on the example of 1931, the qualification of the yogo literary work as a “driven work” and “counter-revolutionary” activity on the course. In 1932, the roci yomu far away turned to Leningrad. The nature of this creativity is changing: the poem goes into the background and the daedals are written less (the rest of the finished verses are put on the cob 1938), pronounce and create (the crime is old, create a small genre) multiply and cycle (Vypadki, Stage melancholy). ). On the mission of the lyrical hero - the vitivnik, the ringleader, the visionary and the miracle worker - there is a navmysny opovidach-posterigach, unperturbed to the point of cynicism. Fiction and grotesque grotesque show zhorstoka and haze of "unacceptable action" (from the schodenniks), and the effect of stingy authenticity is created by the zavdyakas of scrupulous accuracy of details, gestures, and moving mimics. In unison with the schodennikov’s records (“the days of my death have come,” and so on), the rest of the confession (Litsari, Vpadannya, Pereshkoda, Rehabilitation) passed on to the children completely helpless, all-powerful bad swaville, zhorstokostі and vulgarity. Top sickle 1941 Kharms was arrested for "amazing speech". Create Kharms, navit navіt narukovanі, were forgotten to the cob of the 1960s, if the collection of yogo was carefully selected childish verses Gra (1962). Since then, for about 20 years, they tried to assign the look of a cheerful divak, a masovik-vitivnik for a childish part, which is not suitable for yoga "grown-up" creatures. Since 1978, the FRN publishes a selection of works prepared on the basis of manuscripts by M. Meilakh and V. Yerl. Until the mid-1990s, Kharms occupied the position of one of the leading representatives of Russian artistic literature of the 1920-1930s, in fact, the proto-Russian literature. Kharms died in Leningrad on the 2nd of February 1942 - he was taken out of duty.

Danilo Ivanovich Kharms (Yuvachov), (December 30, 1905 - February 2, 1942) - sings and prose writer, playwright and wonderful child writer. It was too early to choose your pseudonym and start writing early. Becoming an active participant in the "Association of Real Art" (OBERIU). Danilo Yuvachov was born in St. Petersburg in the family of Ivan Yuvachov, a revolutionary sent to hard labor, that Nadia Yuvachova. The fathers were familiar with the richness of the same writers. 1915-1918 - secondary school of the Head German School; 1922-1924 - Child-silk unified labor school; 1924 - Leningrad Electrotechnical School; 1926 - rehab; February 5, 1928, the birth of Ester Rusakova, Kharms, dedicating his rich work and personal records from 1925 to 1932. The blues were collapsible, in 1932 the stench parted for mutual good. 1928 - 1941 rіk - actively spying on children's magazines, writing a lot of children's works, spying on Marshak; I have written over 20 children's books. On June 16, 1934, Kharms befriends Marina Malich and does not separate from her until the very end; 23 Serpnya 1941 - Arrest (hibne zvinuvachennya in broader "riveting and astonishing moods") for the denunciation of Antonina Oranzhireeva (NKVS agent); Psychiatric clinic "Khresti" - they didn't shoot, the writer simulated the divine. p>

He died on February 2, 1942, at the time of the terrible blockade of Leningrad. p>

On April 25, 1960, on the right side of Sister Kharms’s death, yoga was looked at, guilt itself was confessed to the innocent and rehabilitated, and yoga’s books were revisited. p>

Today Kharms is called one of the most avant-garde, extraordinary and paradoxical writers of the 20th century. p>