Have tsіy statti mi razberemo raznі see ultrasonic sensors, rozpovimo, such breakdowns can be and in some way can be

1. Convex ultrasonic sensor

The frequency of sensors of this type varies from 2x to 7.5 MHz, the penetration depth is close to 25 cm. Ultrasonic transducers of this type are used for the follow-up of deep-deployed objects: abdominal follow-up, cool mud, state system and in.

Parts of the malfunction of this type of ultrasonic sensor:

• Acoustic lens cleaning
• Cable problems
• Vihіd z fret p'ezoelementіv

2. Microconvex ultrasonic sensor

The sensor for its everyday life is identical to the convex one, the only difference is that the microconvex sensor is smaller in size. To get wines, as a rule, for the quiet themselves, but only in pediatrics.

3. Line ultrasonic sensor

The frequency of this type of ultrasound sensor varies from 5 to 15 MHz. The scanning depth should be no more than 11 cm. These sensors are vicorous for the observation of superficial structures, such as the milk ridge, the thyroid ridge, small loams and m'yazyv that for examining the vessels.
Parts of the malfunction of this type of ultrasound sensors:

• Check the bulbs on the acoustic lens
• Problems with the connector
• Vihіd z fret p'ezoelementіv

4. Sector ultrasonic sensor.

The frequency of this type of sensor varies from 1.5 to 5 MHz. Vikoristovuєtsya for situations, if it is necessary to gain a wide look around a small plot. Basically, vikoristovuєtsya for looking around the heart and intervening between the ribs.
Parts of the problem with sector sensors:

• Problems with the lens
• Cracks in the hull
• cuff problems

5. Sector phase sensors

This type of sensors is actively victorious in cardiology. For the help of sectoral gates, there is the possibility of adjusting the cut of the ultrasonic exchange in the scanning zone, which gives the opportunity to look at the neck, ribs or eyes. The sensor can be used in PW and CW modes, so it can receive and transmit independently the different parts of the phased array.

6. Internal empty ultrasonic ultrasonic sensor

This type of sensor is victorious for pelvic organs: obstetrics, gynecology, urology. This group includes vaginal, transrectal and rectal-vaginal ultrasound sensors.

7. Biplane ultrasonic sensors

Biplanovі uzі sensors may be a sprat of vipromіnjuvachіv. For help, you can take the image in the later and transverse sections.

8. 3D/4D volume sensors.

This type of sensor is victorious for the implementation of trivial images. The possibility of such a method is safe for the sensor, which is wrapped in the middle of the kovpak.
Most often you can get stuck with such problems of 3D/4D sensors:

• Rope shaving
• Vitik Olii
• Problems with the 3D mechanism

9. Matrix volume sensors.

These sensors can be divided into two and two worlds.
Napіvromіrnі matrix sensors give mozhlivіst otrimati maximum razdіlnu zdatnіst.
Dvovimirnі give the ability to capture the image in real time and display on the screen a number of projections and views.

10. Olive ultrasonic sensors

Danish type of sensor is used to transmit and vibrate. Vykoristovuєtsya for doslіdzhennya arteries, veins nіg and shiї.

11. Temporal or TEE sensors

The Danish type of transducer is vicorous for transcranial echocardiography. The delivery of this sensor is foldable for specific applications.
The operating frequency of this type of sensor is 2.5 to 10 MHz.
The main faults of these sensors:

• Depressurization
• The sensor is heating up
• Damage to the integrity of the outer casing
• Shaving rods

Our service center has been professionally engaged in the repair of ultrasonic sensors for 5 years and successfully repairs them.

If you have a problem with the ultrasonic sensors, go ahead and fix the problem.

The sensor is one of the most important parts of an ultrasound machine. The very type of the sensor should be deposited, as the organs on the same depth can be traced. So, for example, the sensor, intended for children, will be insufficiently tight for the follow-up of the organs of mature patients and even more so.

The versatility of an ultrasonic scanner is rich in why to lie in a set of sensors that go with the kit. Therefore, before buying, it is necessary to know exactly the area of ​​choice for the device.

Ultrasonic sensors can be used outside of the device. If you need to remember that for different models of scanners, different models of sensors are released. Before that, how to close the sensor, change the way you go to the scanner. For example, transducers for portable ultrasound devices may not be suitable for stationary models.

Types of ultrasonic sensors

Linear

Operating frequency 5-15 MHz. The depth of scanning is small (up to 10 div). For a high frequency range, the signal is allowed to capture images from a high-rise building. The Danish type of sensor ensures the absolute visibility of the position of the transducer delivered to the organ. A small amount of foldability of the safe alignment of the sensor to the body of the patient. Irregularity of adhesion to lead to distortion of the image at the edges.

Linear ultrasound sensors can be used to trace superficially spread organs, m'yazyv and small drifts, vessels.

convexion

Operating frequency 2-75 MHz. Depth of scanning - up to 25 cm. The image width is a few centimeters larger than the sensor size. For the purpose of exact anatomical landmarks, fahivets can vouch for their particularity.

Convex transducers are vicorous for scanning deeply displaced organs: empty stems, sechostatic system, deep loam. Suitable both for thin people, and for new people (deeply in the same frequency).

Microconvex

Microconvex is a pediatric version of the convex sensor. With this help, you can also check the results that the convex sensor has.

Sector phase sensors

Vykoristovuyutsya in cardiology. Sector phasing Grati allows you to change the change in the scanning area. Tse allow you to look at the ribs, tim'yachko, or for the eyes (for reaching the brain). Possibility of an independent reception and variance of various parts of the body allows to practice in the mode of postyno-khvily or without interruption-khvily Doppler.

Internal empty sensors

Internal empty sensors. Vaginal (curvature 10-14 mm), rectal, or rectal-vaginal (curvature 8-10 mm). Appointed for further studies in gynecology, urology, obstetrics.

Biplane

There are two summaries of viprominuvachiv. Convex + convex, or line + convex. It is possible to take the image both in the transverse and in the posterior view. Crim bi-scheduled, є three-scheduled sensors with one-hour visualization of the image from the viprominuvachiv.

3D/4D volume sensors

Mechanical sensors with ring wraps or kutovym kochenny. It is allowed to carry out automatic cross-sectional scanning of organs, after which the data are converted by the scanner to a trivial picture. 4D is a trivier image of a real hour. Mozhlivy peresglyad usіh zrіzіv.

Matrix

Sensors with double gates. Subscribe to:

• 1.5D (for example). The number of elements for the width is less than the width, lower for the length. Tse ensure the maximum distribution of buildings according to the tovshchina.
• 2D (two worlds). Lattice with a rectangle with a large number of elements in length and width. Allows you to take a 4D image, one-hour display on the screen a sprinkling of projections and views.

Olive (sleep CW) sensors

Sensors with different priymach and viprominuvach. Vykoristovuyutsya for arteries, veins and chimneys - 4-8 MHz, heart - 2 MHz.

Video endoscopic sensors

Use the gastrofibroscope/bronchofiberscope and ultrasound in one unit.

Head parts (catheter) sensors

Microsensors for the introduction of an important empty, vessel, heart.

Laparoscopic sensors

Є with a thin tube with viprominuvache on the kіntsi. The sensor can be jammed for control during laparoscopic operations. In other models, the kink can bend in one plane or two planes, or it may not bend. The control is behind the help of a joystick, similarly to flexible endoscopes. Viprominuvach can be linear, convex, phasing with a direct look, fallow in the model.

The physical basis of ultrasound is the p'zoelectric effect. In the case of deformation of single crystals of some chemical slabs (quartz, barium titanate) under the infusion of ultrasonic waves, on the surface of the crystals, the extensions are blamed for the sign of the electric charge - a direct p'ezoelectric effect. When a changeable electric charge is applied to them, the crystals are blamed for mechanical cracking with the vibration of ultrasonic waves. In this rank, the very same p'zoelement can be alternately priymachem, then dzherel ultrasonic hvil. This part in ultrasonic devices is called an acoustic transducer, a transducer or a transducer.

Ultrasound expands in the middle at the sight of zones of squeezing and expansion of the speech, which are drawn. Sound waves, zocrema and ultrasonic waves, are characterized by a period of colication - an hour, the stretch of which a molecule (part) robs one outside colivannya; frequency-number of calls per hour; dozhinoy-vіdstannyu between the points of one phase and swidkіstyu widening, like to lay the head rank in the form of springiness and thickness of the middle. Dovzhina whvili wrapped in proportion to її frequency. The less dozhina hvil, the more razdіlna zdatnіst ultrasonic apparatus. In systems of medical ultrasound diagnostics, vicorist frequencies should be heard from 2 to 10 MHz. The distribution of modern ultrasonic devices reaches 1-3 mm.

Be it the middle, including the tissues of the body, expanding the width of ultrasound, then the volume of a different acoustic support, the value of which lies in the form of its width and the width of the expansion of the sound wind. What are the parameters, then more fit acoustically opir. Such a characteristic characteristic of any elastic medium is denoted by the term acoustic impedance.

Reaching between two middles with a different acoustic support, a beam of ultrasonic whistles knows the essence of their changes: one part continues to expand in a new middle, the other part of the world is covered with it, and the other part is broken. The coefficient of fermentation lies in the difference between the values ​​of the acoustic support of fabrics, which intersect one with one: which is more powerful, the more fertile and, naturally, the greater the amplitude of the registered signal, and therefore, we will be brighter and look forward to the future. Povnim vіdbivachem є between fabrics and repeat.

In the simplest variant of implementation, the method allows you to estimate the difference between the thicknesses of two bodies, the frequency of the passage of the wind, the difference between the divisions. More collaborative methods of investigation (for example, based on the Doppler effect) make it possible to determine the width of the difference between the divisions, as well as the difference in the divisions, which establishes a cordon.

Ultrasonic cracking under an hour of expansion follows the laws of geometric optics. In a homogeneous middle, the stench expands in a straight line and with a constant sweep. On the border between the different middles with unequal acoustic dense part of the change is folded, and the part is broken, continuing the rectilinear expansion. The greater the gradient of the difference in the acoustic width of the boundary mids, the greater part of the ultrasonic splitting is driven. So, as at the inter-transition of ultrasound, 99.99% of the coli is observed on the skin, then during the ultrasound scanning of the patient, it is necessary to smear the surface of the skin with water jelly, thus violating the role of the transitional medium. Vіdobrazhennya lie down in the middle of the fall of the exchanger (the most with a perpendicular straight line) and the frequency of ultrasonic coliving (with a higher frequency, more part is displayed).

For the follow-up of the organs of the thyroid cavity and the transverse space, as well as the empty of the small pelvis, the frequency of 2.5 - 3.5 MHz is used, for the follow-up of the thyroid cavity, the frequency of 7.5 MHz is used.

Of particular interest in diagnostics is the use of the Doppler effect. The essence of the effect is the effect of changing the frequency of the sound in the aftermath of the perceptible rush that priymacha sound. If the sound is heard from the object that is collapsing, the frequency of the sound signal is changed (the sound frequency is changed).

When the first ones are superimposed, those beating signals are blamed for the battle, as if they were listening for help with headphones, or a guchnomovtsya.

Warehouse systems for ultrasound diagnostics

The generator of ultrasonic waves is a sensor, which simultaneously plays the role of receiving echo signals. The generator operates in a pulsed mode, with a power of nearly 1000 pulses per second. In the intervals between the generation of ultrasonic waves, the transducer fixes the vibration signals.

ultrasonic sensor

Like a detector or a transducer, a folding sensor is installed, which is folded into hundreds of other p'ezocrystal conversions, which work in the same mode. The sensor has a built-in lens that focuses, which gives the ability to focus on the singing depth.

See the sensors

All ultrasonic sensors are based on mechanical and electronic ones. In mechanical scans, it is necessary for the rahunok to move the viprominuvach (wine or wrap or hit). At electronic sashes, it is carried out with an electronic path. The lack of mechanical sensors is noise, vibration, which vibrate under the hour of the vibration, as well as low building diversity. Mechanical sensors are morally obsolete, but modern scanners do not vikoristovuyutsya. There are three types of ultrasonic scanning: linear (parallel), convex and sector. Vidpovidno sensors or transducers of ultrasonic devices are called linear, convex and sector. Selection of the sensor of skin follow-up is carried out with the improvement of depth and the nature of the body of the body.

Line sensors

Linear transducers have a frequency of 5-15 MHz. The advantage of the linear sensor is the visibility of the organ, which is to be observed, the position of the transducer itself on the surface of the body. Shortage of linear sensors and safety folding in all directions of equal adhesion of the surface of the transducer to the patient's skin, which leads to the creation of an image at the edges. Also, linear sensors at a higher frequency allow you to capture images of the longest zone from a high-rise building, the scanning depth is small (no more than 11 cm). Vykoristovuyutsya mainly for the maintenance of superficially rotting structures - thyroid ridges, milk ridges, small loams and m'yazyv, as well as for the maintenance of vessels.

Convex sensors

Convex transducer vicorist frequency 18-75 MHz. If I’m less than my age, then it’s easier to reach the equanimity of yoga to the patient’s skin. However, with different convex sensors, the width of the image is a few centimeters larger than the size of the sensor itself. For clarification of the anatomical orientations of the goiter, call for uncertainty. For a small frequency, the depth of scanning reaches 20-25 cm.

Sector sensors

The sector sensor works at a frequency of 15-5 MHz. There is more inconsistency between the transducer and images, it is more important to win in quiet vipadkas, if it is necessary from a small village of the body to take a great look at the depths. The most important is the choice of sectoral scanning when, for example, through intercostal spaces. Typical blockage of a sector sensor is echocardiography - follow-up of the heart.

An attachment, from which an ultrasound signal is seen from the body of a person, enters the apparatus for further processing and visualization, is a sensor. The areas of medical congestion are determined mainly by the type of sensors that are used with an ultrasound machine and the presence of different modes of operation.

Sensor tse attachment, which viprominyuє the signal of the required frequency, the amplitude and the form of the impulse, and also receives the signal from the subsequent tissue signal, transforms it into an electric form and transmits it for further strengthening and processing.

There is a large number of sensors that are distinguished by the method of scanning, by the area of ​​​​stoking, as well as sensors that are dependent on the type of conversion, which vikoristovuetsya in them.

For the scanning method

Three possible ways to capture information about the biological structures of the largest extension of the image capture method of capturing a two-dimensional image (B-mode). For this mode є raznі see the implementation of scanning.

Sector (mechanical) scanning. For sectoral mechanical scanning sensors, the upper displacement of the ultrasound is changed for the rahunok of the goydannya, or wrapping around the axis of the ultrasound of the shift, which vibrates it to receive signals. The entire ultrasonic exchange moves around the hood so that the image can be seen from the sector.

Linear electronic scanning. With this method of scanning the apex directly, the ultrasound exchange does not change, it moves parallel to itself so that the cob collapses while the working surface of the straight line sensor. The zone of looking around can look like a rectangle.

Convex electronic scanning. Due to the geometry of the grating, which is linear, the exchanges are not parallel to one another, but diverge visibly near the singing hood sector. Poednuє in your own way the line and sector scanning.

Microconvex electronically scanned. This type of scanning is importantly analogous to the convex one. The viewing area during microconvex scanning may look the same as during sectoral mechanical scanning. One type of scanning can be taken up to one of the sector scanning types, the width is only within a smaller radius of curvature of the working surface of the sensor (three more than 20-25 mm).

Phased sector electronically scanned. The importance of the phased scanning of the linear field lies in the fact that all the elements of the grid are exposed during skin probing during vicarious probing. For the purpose of such a scanning, the generators of the impulses of the wake-up are formed with the same form of the impulse, but only after an hour.

By areas of medical congestion

Depending on which area the follow-up is carried out, the sensor is selected. In addition, on the choice of that chi іnshoy type of sensor, the depth of the growth of the dosledzhuvanny organ or tissue is injected. The first step in optimizing the image is to select the highest frequency for the bagan depth of the study.

1. Universal sensors for indoor air conditioning. To be used for the investigation of the organs of the small pelvis and the abdominal region in adults and children. Basically, convex sensors with a working frequency of 3.5 MHz for adults are used as universal ones; 5 MHz for pediatrics; 2.5 MHz for deep-opening organs. The apex of the scanning sector: 40-90 º (more up to 115 º), the valley of the arc of the working surface is 36-72 mm.

2. Sensors for surface-perforated organs. Zastosovyatsya for obstezhennia slightly roztashovannyh small organs of the prosecutor's office and structures - the thyroid gland, peripheral vessels, swollen skin. Operating frequencies - 75 MHz, sometimes 5 or 10 MHz. The most commonly used is a linear sensor, 29-50 mm, less convex, micro-convex or mechanical sector with a water nozzle with a 25-48 mm arc.

3. Internal empty sensors. There is a great diversity of internal empty sensors, as they wind up among themselves in the areas of medical congestion.

ü Intraoperative sensors. Because sensors are introduced into the operating field, due to being more compact. As a rule, they have a linear reversal of 38-64 mm. Sometimes there are convex transformations with a great radius of curvature. Operating frequency 5 chi 7.5 MHz.

ü Temporal transducers. This type of sensor is vikoristovuetsya to follow the heart from the side of the stravokhod. Designed according to this very principle, like a flexible endoscope, the system for controlling the foreshortening of the guard is similar. Mechanical, convex or phased sector scanning with a working frequency of 5 MHz.

ü Internal vascular sensors. Stop for invasive vessel obstruction. Scanning - sector mechanically circular, 360º. The operating frequency of 10 MHz is higher.

ü Transvaginal (intravaginal) sensors. Buy a sector mechanical or microconvex type with a cool look around from 90 º to 270 º. Operating frequency 5, 6 chi 7.5 MHz. All sectors are sounded according to the current cut of the sensor axis. Sometimes there are sensors with two switches, in which the scanning area is rotated under the cut 90 one to one. Such sensors are called biplane .

ü Transrectal sensors. Basically zastosovitsya for the diagnosis of prostatitis. Operating frequency - 7.5 MHz, usually 4 and 5 MHz. In transrectal sensors, there are sprat types of scanning. With sector mechanical scanning in a circular sector (360 º), the scanning area is perpendicular to the sensor axis. In a different form, the transducers are vicorated by a linear ultrasonic transducer with an expanded air of the transducer axis. Thirdly, there is a constant convex transformation with a flat look to pass through the entire sensor.

A specific feature of these sensors is the presence of water in the channel for filling the humic bag, which is worn on the working part.

ü Transurethral sensors. Sensors of small diameter, which are inserted through the urethra into the sieve michur, are mechanically sectoral or circular (360º) scanning with a working frequency of 7.5 MHz.

4. Cardiological sensors. Particularly, the heart is protected through the intercostal fissure. For such tasks, sector sensors of mechanical scanning (single-element or with a ring grating) and electronic phase detection are installed. Operating frequency - 3.5 chi 5 MHz. In the rest of the hour, at the high-class mounts with colorful Doppler mapping, over-shearing sensors will be installed.

5. Sensors for pediatrics. In pediatrics, the same sensors are installed, which are for adults, but with a higher frequency - 5 or 7.5 MHz. Therefore, I can take a greater high quality of the image of the eyelids for small sizes of patients. In addition, there are special sensors. For example, for obstezhennya cerebellum of newborns through the neck of the vicorist, a sector or microconvex sensor with a frequency of 5 or 6 MHz is used.

6. Biopsy sensors. Vykoristovuyutsya for accurate targeting of biopsy or puncture heads. For which sensors are specially designed, in which the head can pass through the opening (or gap) at the working surface (aperture). Due to the technological complexity of these sensors (which currently increases the versatility of the biopsy sensor), biopsy adapters are often installed - attachments for aiming the biopsy heads. Removable adapter, easy to fasten on the body of the stellar sensor.

7. Multifrequency sensors. Sensors from a wide range of operating frequencies. The sensor works at different frequencies, which are humming in the staleness depending on how deep the soil is.

8. Doppler sensors. Ask for information about fluidity or the spectrum of fluidity of blood flow in the vessels. In our case, ultrasonic fluctuations are seen in blood flow, and it can change without delay in the presence of blood flow.

Convex sensor

Frequency 2-7.5, depth up to 25 cm. Obov'yazkovo is necessary to protect the particularity of exact anatomical landmarks. Sensors of this type vikoristovuyut for scanning deeply rotting organs, such as pelvic loam, sechostate system, empty chervn. Depending on the complexion of the patient, the necessary frequency is restored.

Microconvex sensor

This is a different type of convex sensor, which is victorious in pediatrics. With the help of this sensor, the follow-up is carried out by itself, like with a convex sensor.

Sector sensor

Operating frequency 15-5 MHz. Stay in situations, as if to take a great look at the depths from a small plot. Vykoristovuyutsya for doslіdzhen intercostal spaces that heart.

Sector phase sensors

Stop by cardiology. Zavdyaki sector phasing decisions can change the cut in the scanning area, which allows you to look behind the collar, for the ribs or for the eyes (for reaching the brain). The transducer can be used as a permanent-wave chi of a continuous-wave Doppler, because Vіn maє mozhlivіst nezalezhnogo priyomu and viprominyuvannya raznyh parts of ґrat.

Internal empty sensors

Vaginal (curvature 10-14 mm), rectal, rectal-vaginal (curvature 8-10 mm) are visible to these sensors. This type of sensor is found in obstetrics, gynecology, urology.

Biplane sensors

There are combined viprominuvachiv - convex + linear or convex + convex. For the help of these sensors, the image can be taken both late and in cross-section. Krіm bі-planovyh, іsnuyut tri-planovі sensors wіth one-time vivedennіnі vіddennіa zіvіh vіpromіnjuvachіv.

3D/4D volume sensors - at ultrasonic volumetric sensor

Mechanical sensors with ring wraps or hulls. They give you the opportunity to carry out a cross-sectional scanning of organs, then the data is converted by a scanner to a three-dimensional picture. 4D is a 3D image in real time. Allows review of all visual images.

Matrix sensors

Sensors with double gates. Subscribe to:

• 1.5D (for example). The sum of the elements for the width is less than the width, lower for the length. Tse give the maximum razdіlnu zdatnіst according to comradeship.
• 2D (two worlds). Lattice with a rectangle with a great number of elements for a length and width. Allows you to capture 4D images and simultaneously display on the screen some projections and views.

Olive sensors

At tsikh sensors priymach and viprom_nyuvach branches. Zastosovuєtsya for arteries, veins of kintsivok and shiї.

Video endoscopic sensors

Combine gastrofibroscope/bronchofibroskop and ultrasound in one device.

Head parts (catheter) sensors

Microsensors for the introduction of an important empty, vessel, heart.

Laparoscopic sensors

Detect a thin tube with viprominuvache on the tip. Vikoristovuetsya on laparoscopic operations. The fallow type of the model folds in one plane, in two flats it does not fold in front. For the help of the joystick, there is a care. In the fallow model, the sensor can be linear, convex, or phasing with a direct look.

Respectfully, at the ERSPlus service center you can:

• Get repair of ultrasonic sensors

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