Magnetic lines are represented on the little one. Presentation - test of physics “Electromagnetic field. Topics of the EDI codifier: interaction of magnets, magnetic field of the conductor with a strum
From the course of physics, class 8, you know that the magnetic field is generated by an electric stream. Vono is used, for example, like a metal conductor with a strum. For whom the strums are created by electrons, straightened by the ruhomimi of the conductor. The magnetic field is responsible for that fluctuation, if the strum passes through the electric current, carrying charges, positively and negatively charged ions, which collapse one by one.
Scattered electric streams - tse straightening ruh charged particles, then we can say that the magnetic field is created by charged particles that collapse, both positive and negative.
Guessing, scho, according to Ampère's hypothesis, in the atoms and molecules of speech, as a result of the circulation of electrons, the circular streams are blamed.
Small figure 85 shows that post-magnets and elementary kiltsev strumi have the same orientation. Therefore, the magnetic fields, which settle down near the skin struma, may still be direct. Qi fields pose one by one, creating a field in the middle and like a magnet.
Rice. 85. Illustration of Ampère's hypothesis
For the visual manifestation of the magnetic field, there are magnetic lines (they are also called magnetic field lines) 1 . Let's guess, that the magnetic lines are the same as the lines, which were worn out by small magnetic arrows, placed in a magnetic field.
A magnetic line can be drawn through whether it is a point in space, where a magnetic field exists.
On the little 86 it is shown that the magnetic line (both rectilinear and curvilinear) is drawn in such a way that, at any point of the line, it is dot- ic to it from the top of the magnetic arrow placed at the center point.
Rice. 86. Be it a point of a magnetic line, it is sufficient to run from a magnetic arrow placed at that point.
The magnetic lines are closed. For example, the picture of the magnetic lines of a straight conductor with a strum and concentric stakes, which lie near the plane perpendicular to the conductor.
From little 86 it is clear that for a straight line of a magnetic line in any point it is mentally taken straight, which indicates the vein pole of a magnetic arrow placed at that point.
In quiet areas there is space, the magnetic field is stronger, the magnetic lines are closer one to one, so thicker, lower in quiet places, de field is weaker. For example, a field, a picture of a little girl 87, stronger, lower, right-handed.
Rice. 87. Magnetic lines are closer one to one in quiet places, where the magnetic field is stronger
In this way, behind the picture of the magnetic lines, one can judge not only directly, but also about the magnitude of the magnetic field (that is, about those, at some points the field moves on a magnetic arrow with greater strength, and in others - with less).
Let's take a look at the picture of the linear magnetic field of a post-smoky magnet (Fig. 88). From the course of physics of the 8th grade, you know that the magnetic lines come out of the pivnichny pole and the magnet enters to the pivdenny one. Use the magnet of the stink straight from the pivdenny pole to the pivnichny one. The magnetic lines do not sag either on the cob, or on the cob: the stench is either closed, or, like the middle line on a little one, go from indiscretion to inconsistency.
Rice. 88. Picture of the magnetic field of a permanent brown magnet
Rice. 89. Magnetic lines of a magnetic field created by a rectilinear conductor with a strum
The pose of the magnetic line of the magnetic lines is most densely white of the poles. It means that the white of the poles in the field is the strongest, and in the world in the distance from the poles it is weaker. The closer to the pole of the magnet the magnetic needle is drawn, the closer the magnetic field is behind the module. The shards of the magnetic lines are curved, then the forces are straight, with any field on the arrow, the same changes from point to point.
In such a rank, the force, with which the field of a dark-colored magnet is located on a magnetic needle placed in the same field, at different points of the field can be different, both for the module, and for the direct one.
Such a field is called heterogeneous. The lines of the inhomogeneous magnetic field are curved, and the density changes from point to point.
Another butt of a non-uniform magnetic field can be a field like a rectilinear conductor with a strum. On the little 89 there is a caravan of such a conductor, stashed perpendicular to the plane of the armchair. The circle marks the conductor's cut. Krapka means that the strum of directing through the armrest to us, nebi mi bachimo in the air of the arrow, which shows the struma directly (strum, directing us behind the armchair, signify with a cross, nibi mi bachimo the tail plumage of the arrow, straightened with a strum).
From this little one you can see that the magnetic lines of the field, created by a straight-line conductor with a strum, and concentric stakes, stand between them in the world in the distance from the conductor.
In a real area, you can create a uniform magnetic field, that field, at any point, the force on the magnetic needle is the same in modulus and straight.
The small picture 90 shows the magnetic field, which is in the middle of the solenoid - a cylindrical cat with a strum. The field in the middle of the solenoids can be considered uniform, as the bottom of the solenoids is significantly larger for its diameter (the position of the solenoids field is not uniform, its magnetic lines are arranged approximately the same way, like that of a swarm magnet). From the second little one, it is clear that the magnetic lines of a uniform magnetic field are parallel one to one and are stitched with the same density.
Rice. 90. Magnetic field of the solenoid
Homogeneous is the field in the middle of the post-smoky magnet in the central part of the yoga (div. Fig. 88).
For the image of the magnetic field, they are crusted with a step. If the lines of a uniform magnetic field are spread perpendicularly to the plane of the armchair and directed towards us behind the chair, then they are depicted with crosses (Fig. 91, a), and if from behind the armchair before us, then with dots (Fig. 91, b). Like a strum, a leather cross - we can see the tail plumage of the arrows that fly towards us, and the dot is the wind of the arrows that fly to us (on both little ones, the arrows run straight from the magnetic lines).
Rice. 91. Lines of the magnetic field, straightened perpendicularly to the plane of the chair: a - in the form of a poster; b - to posterigach
Power supply
- What is the core of the magnetic field?
- How is the magnetic field of a permanent magnet established?
- What is magnetic smug? What is taken for їхній directly at yakіyїїїї її point?
- Like roztashovanі magnetic arrows in a magnetic field, lines like a straight line; curvilinear?
- 0 What can be judged from the picture of a linear magnetic field?
- Like a magnetic field - homogeneous and heterogeneous - settles like a brown magnet; like a straight conductor with a strum; in the middle of the solenoid, which dove is significantly larger for its diameter?
- What can be said about the modulus and direct forces, what is the effect on the magnetic needle at different points of a non-uniform magnetic field; uniform magnetic field?
- Why is the rotation of magnetic lines in heterogeneous and uniform magnetic fields?
Right 31
1 In § 37, more precise names of these lines will be given.
The theme of this lesson will be the magnetic field and the yogo graphic image. We are discussable inhomogeneous and uniform magnetic field. For the cob of the ladies of the designation of the magnetic field, rozpovіmo, why it is called and how it can be powerful. Let's learn how to draw yoga on charts. It is also known how the inhomogeneous and uniform magnetic field is defined.
Today, we repeat what the magnetic field is like. Magnetic field - a force field that settles like a conductor, like an electric stream flows through. Vono pov'yazane with charges that are collapsing..
Now it is necessary to signify dominance of the magnetic field. You know that a sprat of water was tied from the charge. Zokrema electric field. But we are talking about the magnetic field itself, created by charges that are collapsing. The magnetic field has a sprinkling of powers. Perche: the magnetic field is created by electric charges that collapse. In other words, the magnetic field settles like a conductor, like an electric stream flows through. The coming of power, as to speak, as the magnetic field is manifested. It is charged out for a charge on another electric charge, which is collapsing. Abo, it seems, for another electric stream. The presence of the magnetic field can be determined by the direction of the compass needle, sov. magnetic needle.
One more dominion: magnetic field can force force. It seems to him that the magnetic field is material.
Tsі dominnosti є vіdmіnnimi rice of the magnetic field. In addition, as we have appointed them that such a magnetic field, they have appointed the authority of such a field, so to speak, as a magnetic field should be. The magnetic field in front of us is carried out beyond the help of the frame with a strum. If we take a conductor, we can make a round or square frame from this conductor, and let an electric stream pass through this frame, then in the magnetic field the frame will turn in a singing order.
Rice. 1. The frame with a strum rotates at the outside magnetic field
Since the frame is turning, we can judge about magnetic field. Only here there is one important mind: the frame may be even smaller, or else there may be even smaller gaps near the windows, on which we wind the magnetic field. Such a frame is called a contour from a strum.
We can follow the magnetic field for additional magnetic arrows, placing them near the magnetic field and guarding their behavior.
Rice. 2. The effect of the magnetic field on the magnetic arrows
Come on, about what we are talking about, about those, as you can imagine the magnetic field. As a result of the research, carried out for a long time, it became clear that the magnetic field could be visualized by hand behind the help of magnetic lines. Schob posterigati magnetic lines Let's do one experiment. For our experiment, we need a permanent magnet, a metal sheet of thyrsus, and a sheet of white paper.
Rice. 3. The width of the thyrsus will vibrate with the line of the magnetic field
The magnet is curved with a glass plate, and we put the arkush paper to the beast, the white arkush paper. From above, on the arcush paper, I will sip the thyrsus hoarsely. As a result, you will see how the lines of the magnetic field appear. Those that we care about are the whole lines of the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. They are also called the spectrum of magnetic lines. Respect what lines are found at all three straight lines, not less at the flat.
Magnetic line- a clear line, vzdovzh as a vishikovuvalis b axes of the magnetic arrows.
Rice. 4. Schematic representation of the magnetic line
To marvel at the little one is presented as follows: the line is bent, the magnetic line is directly aligned with the magnetic arrow. Directly showing the pivnіchny pole of the magnetic needle. It’s even better to visualize the lines for the help of arrows.
Rice. 5. How are power lines indicated directly
Now let's talk about the power of magnetic lines. First, the magnetic lines do not flicker the cob, the last. All lines are closed. If the magnetic lines are closed, then there are no magnetic charges.
Other: whole lines, yakі do not tint, do not interrupt, do not call some kind of rank. For the help of magnetic lines, we can characterize the magnetic field, show not only its shape, but also talk about the power injection. If you imagine the great density of such lines, then here, at this point of space, we will have greater power.
If the lines are spread in parallel, one alone, their density is the same, then in which direction it seems that the magnetic field is uniform. Yakscho, navpaki, which one is victorious, tobto. the density of the rіzna, the lines are curved, then such a field is called heterogeneous. At the end of the lesson, I would like to turn your respect to such little ones.
Rice. 6. Inhomogeneous magnetic field
Better, now we already know what magnetic lines can be depicted with arrows. I baby is the most inhomogeneous magnetic field. Density in different places will be different, henceforth, the force of the wild field on the magnetic arrow will be different.
A uniform field is presented on the stepping baby. The lines are straightened in one roll, and even the density is the same.
Rice. 7. Uniform magnetic field
Homogeneous magnetic field - the same field, as if it is in the middle of the cat with a large number of turns, or in the middle of a rectilinear smoky magnet. The magnetic field is posed by a dark magnet, but those who have guarded the lesson today, the field is not uniform. To get everything left, let's look at the table.
List of additional literature:
Belkin I.K. Electric and magnetic fields // Kvant. - 1984. - No. 3. - S. 28-31. Kikoin A.K. Are magnetism taken? //Quantum. - 1992. - No. 3. - P. 37-39.42 Leenson I. Riddles of the magnetic needle / / Kvant. - 2009. - No. 3. - S. 39-40. Elementary tutor from physics. For red. G.S. Landsberg. T. 2. - M., 1974
The selection of tests for an hour of lessons gives the opportunity to develop a real individualization and differentiation of training; make your own corrections to the work of the filing process; authentically assess that curvature as a skill. Proposed tests on the topic “Magnetic field” to be held on the 10th day.
Test #1
1. A magnet creates a magnetic field around itself. Where is the most powerful field to show?
A. Bіlya polesіv magnetu.
B. At the center of the magnet.
The effect of the magnetic field is manifested evenly in the skin point of the magnet.
Virna testimonial: A.
2. Can you use a compass to navigate the month for orientation on the territory?
A. You can't.
B. You can.
V. You can, but only on the plains.
Virna testimonial: A.
3. For what reason can a magnetic field settle like a conductor?
A. If the conductor blames the electric strum.
B. If the conductor is folded udvіchі.
If the conductor is heated.
Virna testimonial: A.
A. Uphill.
B. down.
V. Pravoruch.
G. Livoruch.
Vіrna vіdpovіd: V.
5. Show the fundamental power of the magnetic field?
A. Yogo power lines may dzherel: stinks start on positive charges and end on negative ones.
B. There is no magnetic field. There are no magnetic charges in nature.
B. The lines of power may dzherel: the stench starts on negative charges and ends on positive ones.
Virna testimonial: B.
6. Choose the little ones, the magnetic field is shown.
Vіrna vіdpovіd: fig.2
7. A strum flows through the dart ring. Specify the direction of the magnetic induction vector.
A. Down.
B. Uphill.
V. Pravoruch.
Virna testimonial: B.
8. How to move a cat with cores, a picture of a little one.
A. Do not interact.
B. Turn around.
V. Vіdshtovhuyutsya.
Virna testimonial: A.
9. Three coils with a strum cleaned up the cold core. How does the picture of magnetic induction change?
A. Density of magnetic lines of bagatorase growth.
B. The density of the magnetic lines of the bagatorase changes.
Art. The picture of the magnetic lines does not change.
Virna testimonial: B.
10. How can you change the poles of a magnetic coil with a strum?
A. Insert the core into the coil.
B. Change the struma straight into the hutch.
Turn on the jerelo struma.
G. Strengthen the struma.
Virna testimonial: B.
Test #2
1. In Iceland and France, the nautical compass began to appear in the 12th-13th centuries. The magnetic bar was fixed at the center of the wooden cross, then this structure was placed near the water, and the cross, turning, stood at the straight line between the pivnich and pivden. With what pole will the magnetic bar turn to the pivnіchny magnetic pole of the Earth?
A. Pivnichnym.
B. Pivdenny.
Virna testimonial: B.
2. How is speech not attracted by a magnet?
A. Zalizo.
B. Nickel.
V. Sklo.
Vіrna vіdpovіd: V.
3. The middle of the wall covering is laid with insulation wire. How to reveal the misery without destroying the wall covering?
A. Bring a magnetic needle to the wall. A conductor with a strum and an arrow will interchange.
B. Visvitlity walls. The strength of the light is indicative of the significance of the dart.
B. The cost of knowing the drota cannot be counted unless the wall covering is broken.
Virna testimonial: A.
4. The magnetic needle is shown on the little one. How is the vector of magnetic induction direct at point A?
A. Down.
B. Uphill.
V. Pravoruch.
G. Livoruch.
Virna testimonial: A.
5. What is the peculiarity of the linear magnetic induction?
A. Lines of magnetic induction begin on positive charges and end in negative ones.
B. Lines are dumb, not on the cob, not on the cob. The stench is already closed.
Virna testimonial: B.
6. Conductor with a strum of stitching perpendicular to the plane. On what little line of magnetic induction is depicted correctly.
Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4
Virna vіdpovіd: fig. 4.
7. A strum flows through the dart ring. Indicate straight ahead the struma, as the vector of magnetic induction directing uphill.
A. Against Godinnikov's arrows.
B. For the year's arrow.
Virna testimonial: A.
8. Decide on the nature of the interaction of the coils, images for the little one.
A. Attract.
B. Vіdshtovhuyutsya.
B. Do not interact.
Virna testimonial: B.
9. The frame with a strum rotates around the magnetic field. What kind of prilad vikoristovu tse manifestation?
A. Laser disk.
B. Ammeter.
Art. Electromagnet.
Virna testimonial: B.
10. Why is the frame with a strum, placed between the poles of a permanent magnet, wrapped around?
A. Through the interplay of the magnetic fields of the frame and the magnet.
B. Through the electric field of the frame on the magnet.
B. Through the magnetic field, the magnet is charged at the coil.
Virna testimonial: A.
Literature: physics. Grade 8: a handyman for sacred documents / A.V. Perishkin. - Bustard, 2006.
Topics of the EDI codifier: interaction of magnets, magnetic field of conductor with strum
The magnetic power of speech has been with people for a long time. Magnets took away their name from the ancient place of Magnesia: on its outskirts, there were mineral deposits (the names of the year were magnetic fields or magnetite), the little things of which attracted objects.
Interaction of magnets
On two sides of the skin magnet pivnichny poleі Pivdenny Pole. Two magnets are attracted one to the same by different poles and are driven by the same. Magnets can work one on one to create a vacuum! Everything is predicted by the interplay of electric charges, prote the interplay of magnets is not electrical. About tse svіdchat takі dosvіdchenі facts.
The magnetic force is weaker when the magnet is heated. The force of mutual interaction of point charges does not depend on the current temperature.
The magnetic force is weaker, like shaking the magnet. There is nothing similar with electrically charged bodies.
Positive electric charges can be charged as negative ones (for example, when electrifying bodies). And the axis of splitting the poles of the magnet does not go out: if you split the magnet into two parts, then the poles are also broken in the space of the split, and the magnet splits into two magnets with different poles on the ends (orientated in the same way, like the poles of the outgoing magnet).
In this manner, magneti zavzhdi bipolar, stench is less likely to be seen dipoles. Insulated magnetic poles (the so-called magnetic monopoles- analogues of electric charge) in nature is not known (accepted, experimentally, the stench has not yet been detected). Tse, maybe, naive asymmetry between electricity and magnetism.
Like an electrically charged body, magnets make an electric charge. However, the magnet is diє only on collapse charge; If the charge rests like a magnet, then no magnetic force is exerted on the charge. Navpaki, on the electrified body, be it a charge, independently of it, to lie down and collapse.
Behind the current manifestations of the theory of closeness, the interaction of magnets zdiyasnyuetsya for help magnetic field.And at the same time, I create a magnet in the same expanse of a magnetic field, as if it strikes another magnet and vibrates, we see the gravity of the winding of these magnets.
Magnet butt magnetic arrow compass. For the help of a magnetic arrow, one can judge the presence of a magnetic field in a given area of space, as well as a direct field.
Our planet Earth is a majestic magnet. Not far from the geographical geographic pole of the Earth, the pivdenny magnetic pole. Therefore, the pinnacle of the compass arrow, turning to the pinnacle magnetic pole of the Earth, pointing to the geographic pinnacle. Zvіdsi, vlasne, and vinikla called the "pіvnіchny pole" of the magnet.
Magnetic field lines
Electric field, guessing, doslіdzhuєtsya for the help of small trial charges, according to the yakі one can judge the magnitude of that field directly. An analogue of the test charge in a different magnetic field is a small magnetic arrow.
For example, you can take a more geometrical statement about the magnetic field, so as to place at different points a space even smaller than the arrows of the compass. Dosvid shows that the arrows are hovering over the singing lines - so called magnetic field line. Damo's appointment of which one understands at the sight of the coming three points.
1. The lines of the magnetic field, or the magnetic force lines - are straight lines in the open space, which may come to power: a small compass needle, placed in the skin point of such a line, orientated by dot to z.
2. Directly the lines of the magnetic field are taken into account directly by the pinnacles of the compass arrows, drawn at the points of this line.
3. The thicker the lines go, the stronger the magnetic field in this gallery space.
The role of the arrows of the compass can successfully win the sway of the thyrsus: in the magnetic field, the small thyrsus is magnetized and moved exactly like the magnetic arrows.
So, having accumulated the flood of the thyrsus near the post magnet, we will probably approach the picture of the linear magnetic field (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Field of a permanent magnet
The pinnacle pole of the magnet is indicated by a blue color and a letter; pivdenny pole - red color and letter. Take care that the lines of the field come out of the pivnіchny pole of the magnet and enter to the pivdenny pole: even to the pivdenny pole, the magnet will be straightened out by the pivnіchny pole of the compass needle.
Dosvid Jersted
Irrespective of those that electrical and magnetic phenomena were known to people from antiquity, there was no chance of a similar interrelationship between them. For a long period of time, electricity and magnetism went parallel and independently one in one.
That miraculous fact, that electrical and magnetic phenomena were truly connected one with one, was even earlier than the manifestations of 1820 roci - in the famous story of Ersted.
Scheme dosvidu Yersted is shown in fig. 2 (image from rt.mipt.ru). Above the magnetic arrow (i - pivnіchny and pvdennyy poles of the arrow) the metal conductor is ripped, connected to the strum dzherel. If you close the lance, then the arrow turns perpendicular to the conductor!
Tsey simple dosvid directly pointing out the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Experiments, which were followed by Yersted's knowledge, firmly established the coming law: the magnetic field is generated by electric strums and strums.
Rice. 2. Dosvid Yersted
A picture of a linear magnetic field generated by a conductor from a strum, deposited in the form of a conductor.
Magnetic field of a direct drotu with a strum
Lines of the magnetic field of a rectilinear dart with a strum and concentric stakes. The center of the cich kіl lie on the dart, like a plane perpendicular to the dart (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Field of direct drotu with strum
For the purpose of directing the line of the magnetic field of the direct stream, two alternative rules are used.
The Rule of the Year's Arrow. The lines of the field go against the year's arrow, as if marveling so that the strum flowed at us.
Gwent rule(otherwise gimlet rule, or corkscrew rule- tse already who is closer; -)). The lines of the field go there, where you need to wrap the gwent (with the most important right cuts), so that the wines collapse along the cut at the straight line of the stream.
Koristaytes tim rule, like you more up to like. It’s better to call to the rule of the year’s arrow - you yourself will change your mind, it’s more universal and it’s easier for them to coristuate (and then guess yoga in the first course, if you learn analytical geometry).
On fig. 3 z'appeared and schos new: tse vector, which is called magnetic field induction, or magnetic induction. The magnetic induction vector is an analogue of the electric field stress vector: vіn serve power characteristic magnetic field, signifying the force, with some kind of magnetic field on the charges that collapse.
We will talk about the forces in the magnetic field later, but for the time being, it is less significant that the magnitude of the magnetic field directly depends on the magnetic induction vector. At the skin point of the space, the vector of directing there, where and pivnichny end of the compass needle, placed at the given point, and itself along the line to the line of the field in a straight line. The magnetic induction in teslach(Tl).
As for the induction of the electric field, for the induction of the magnetic field it is true superposition principle. Vіn the one who induction of magnetic fields, created at different points by different streams, are added vectorially and give the resulting vector of magnetic induction:.
Magnetic field of a coil with a strum
We can see a circular coil, like a circulating constant strum. Dzherelo, what I'm doing strum, I can't show the little one.
The picture of the line field of our turn of the matime approximately looks like this (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. The field of the coil with a strum
It will be important for us to note how far the magnetic field is straightened (however the area of the coil) is straightened. May I know two alternative rules.
The Rule of the Year's Arrow. The lines of the field go there, marveling at the stars of the strum, it turns into a circulating anti-year arrow.
Gwent rule. The lines of the field go there, where the gwent will move (with the most important right cuts), so wrap yoga in a straight struma.
Like a bachite, the strum and the field are changed by roles - at the same time, the formulas of these rules for the direct strum.
Magnetic field of a cat with a strum
Cotushka viyde, yakscho schіlno, turn to turn, wind the wire to complete the spiral for a long time (Fig. 5 - image from the site en.wikipedia.org). Cotush can have dozens of sprats, hundreds of thousands of windings. The cat is called solenoid.
Rice. 5. Cot (solenoid)
The magnetic field of one turn, as we know, does not look easy. Fields? okremikh coils of coils are superimposed one on one, i, it was given b, as a result, the picture is to be confused. However, this is not the case: the field of a long cat may not have a simple structure (Fig. 6).
Rice. 6. cat box with strum
On this little strum at the cat, go against the year’s arrow, as if it were angry (so it will be, as in Fig. 5, the right end of the cat should be connected to the plus of the strum, and the left end to the minus). Mi Bachimo, that the magnetic field of the cat has two characteristics of power.
1. Use the middle coils far from the edges of the magnetic field the same: at the skin point, the vector of magnetic induction is the same for the magnitude of that directly. The lines of the field are parallel straight lines; the stench wriggles less near the edges of the cat, if the names come out.
2. Pose cat field close to zero. The more winds at the kotushtsi, the weaker the field is.
Respectfully, for a long time the cat did not allow the field to be called: the position of the cats is the magnetic field is daily. In the middle of such a cat, the field is the same.
Can't guess anything? The coil is a "magnetic" analogue of a capacitor. You remember that the capacitor creates a uniform electric field in itself, the lines of which bend only near the edges of the plates, and the field of the capacitor is close to zero; the capacitor from the inexhaustible plates in the corner does not let out the name field, but everywhere in the middle the field is the same.
And now - smut guard. Create, be kind, a picture of the lines of the magnetic field of the posture of the cat (Fig. 6) with the lines of the field of the magnet in fig. one . One and the same, right? And the axis of mi goes to power, like, ymovіrno, you have already been viniclo for a long time: if the magnetic field is generated by the strumas and fly on the struma, then what is the reason for the magnetic field to appear near the permanent magnet? Aje tsey magnet is not a guide for a strum!
Hypothesis of Ampère. Elementary strums
The back of the head was taken into account, that the interaction of magnets is explained by special magnetic charges, located at the poles. Ale, on the vіdmіnu elektriki, nothing was able to isolate the magnetic charge; aje, as we have already said, it was not possible to take into account the okremo pivnіchny and pivdenny pole of the magnet - the poles are always present in the magnet in pairs.
Sumnivi shdo magnetic naboїv having done the proof of Yersted, if it was found out that the magnetic field is generated by an electric jet. Moreover, it turned out that for any magnet it is possible to choose a conductor with a strum of a different configuration, such that the field of which conductor is combined with the field of the magnet.
Ampere hung up the hypothesis. There are no suitable magnetic charges. The magnet is explained by closed electric streams in the middle of the.
What's with the strums? qi elementary strums the middle atoms and molecules circulate; the stench is tied to a pile of electrons behind atomic orbits. The magnetic field of any body is formed from magnetic fields of these elementary streams.
Elementary streams can be carelessly ripped apart one at a time. These same fields are mutually repaid, and the body does not show magnetic powers.
And yet, as an elementary stream, it is stashed, their fields, folded together, help each other. The body becomes a magnet (Fig. 7; the magnetic field will be direct on us; so on us will be the directing and pivnіchny pole of the magnet).
Rice. 7. Elementary jet magnet
Ampere's hypothesis about elementary streams clarified the power of magnets. Heating up that shaking of the magnet destroys the order of rotting of the yogo elementary streams, and the magnetic power weakens. The inseparability of the poles of the magnet has become obvious: in the case of the magnet, we have to take the elementary jets at the ends. The building of the body is magnetized in a magnetic field is explained by the use of vibrations of elementary streams, which “turn” in a proper order (read about the rotation of a circular stream in a magnetic field in the following leaflet).
Ampère's hypothesis turned out to be fair - it showed a further development of physics. The revelations about elementary streams became an indistinguishable part of the theory of the atom, broken up already in the XX century - maybe a hundred years after Ampère's ingenious admission.
