Pavlo 1 cause call. Drive the emperor: the history of the attack against Paul I - who, how and now

215 years ago, on 24 February 1801, Paul I was killed.

On the first night, a group of 12 officers escaped into the emperor’s bedroom, as a result of a conflict of beatings, taking a blow from the chest with an important golden snuffbox and strangling with a scarf. Zmova is stunned by the closest proximity. The reasons were the dissatisfaction of the participants in the unfailing policy pursued by Paul I, and the Germanity of their camp, the stench could have fallen into disgrace, be it a mit. Zmovniki vyrishili change the king more "accommodating". It is also suspected to be financed by Great Britain, unsatisfied with the expansion of exports from Russia, that union with Napoleon.

On the territory of the Russian Empire, information about the violent death of Paul I was under the censorship fence. The fence was taken only from 1905 roci. The official version of over a hundred years was death due to illness from natural causes: due to apoplexy (stroke). Walking the heat about those who died from an apoplectic blow with a snuffbox in the fold.

Tsikavo, that the king died there, when he was born - the building of the wooden Summer Palace of Empress Elizaveta Petrivna was built to wake up the Mikhailovsky Castle, on 20 September (1 July), 1754, the Grand Duchess Katerina Oleksievna gave birth to Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich.

At 1852 p. a monument to Paul I was erected near Gatchina. At the hour of the urochist ceremony, Emperor Mykola I burst into tears: Usikh was struck by her vipadkostity.

The Beating of Emperor Paul I (French engraving, 1880s) Gravestone of Paul I and Mary Fedorivna at the Peter and Paul Cathedral The night shirt of Paul I and the scarf of the guards Gold snuffbox of N. Zubov from the selection of the Sovereign Hermitage (the end of the 18th century, gold, canvas, papier)

Examine the legends connected with the murder of Pavel in the castle: they tell that a few months before the death of the emperor, the holy fool appeared in St. Petersburg (for some versions - Xenia Peterburzka), that she told me that the style of rock, letters were written Resurrection gate of the new palace. The biblical aphorism “THE GOOD HOUSE OF THE LORD TO YOUR HOUSE IN THE LONG DAY OF DAYS” has 47 symbols and forty somies of rіk ishov to Pavel, if he was killed.

In addition, more than ever, the legend bears witness that the mayor of the emperor, beaten by the kings, could not deprive the place of his death. The mayor of the king began to bachiti a platoon of soldiers of the capital's garrison, who were transporting the military lane, the new Meshkants' palace - the rose-corporal of the Lyamin school, and the passers-by, who marked the figure that shone at the windows. The popularity of the primari was brought by the cicava, and the demistification of N.S. Lєskova "Ghost in the Engineer's Castle", which was a method of bringing respect to divshchina, which was panned in the school.

Let me remind you that the emperor has anticipated his stingy death. 9 birch (after the old style) at night Pavlo rolls over from a painful sleep. Youmu dreamed that they would put on him a narrow robe, like a choking Yogo. On the 10th birch, after the evening, as if another legend was revealed, Pavlo pidishov to the mirror, like a little vipadkovy nedolіk - it vibrated the image. “Wonder, like a mirror is ridiculous,” the emperor laughed wryly, “I am kicking myself in my new neck.” Close to 10 o'clock in the evening in the night of driving Pavlo pishov to himself. Recognize that, having become pensive with a raptom, zblid and zamіst of a great farewell, saying: “Why be, don’t miss it.”

And everyone knows the story about the son of Paul and the mayor of his great-grandfather, Peter I. Nibito himself was the founder of St. Petersburg, having stolen his head and summarily promoted "Pavel! Poor Pavel!"

In 2003, in Russia, the shooting of the film "Bidny, bad Pavlo" based on the motives of Dmitry Merezhkovsky's p'esi "Paul I". The leading roles were played by Viktor Sukhorukov and Oleg Yankovsky.

THIS IS THE LORD SHELL US IN THE VIEW OF ANOTHER"

Out of 46 Roman emperors, 33 were forcibly knocked down; the history of Byzantium has hundreds of symbols; in Turkey and the Arab lands there were dozens of "serious coups". Shvidko and often officers, guards, guards change American dictators. In Russia for 76 years, from 1725 to 1801, one rahunka each - five, and in other words - the majority of "palace revolutions".

Otzhe, a palace coup - the underlayment of the flooring is “obscene”, as it is typical for the whole country, century, epoch. Zmova 11 birch 1801 tsomu sensi has a historical background...

Prote about the joy of the Russian revolutions of the XVIII century. the insoles didn’t shine and they didn’t write, as if about the podії 1801 r. Significantly more times, interest, the most serious thoughts, historical and artistic thoughts of various Russian children's culture and thought: Pushkin, Herzen, Tolstoy, Tinyanov; Let's read the notes of Vyazemsky, who painted on the cob of the nineteenth century P'esus Merezhkovsky "Paul I", for the radian hours the novel by O. Forsh "Michael's Castle".

Berezen 1801 r. Tsіkaviy istorik, artist, thinker. Deyakі risi tsієї podії, scho vodraznyayut yogo vіd іnshih, paradoxically help to get closer to the more outrageous, deep laws of the Russian XVIII and XIX centuries, to add more seriously to posing the problem of power, people, ideology, look at such tragic...

“The links between two people are not much, but the existence of them is commendable,” comments S. M. Durilin, “the work of thinking over the most important creations of his genius i is significant »

Chi deyno Goethe, having entered the universal "Faustian" sense at the feet of 11 years, is filled, obviously, with a hypothesis. Nezabar, however, to echo the great Germans the young Pushkin, as loudly, in one phrase even richer: "Paul's rule to bring that Caliguli can be born in the light of the hour ...".

KINGAUDITION. ІZ NOTES M.A. FONVIZINA

Having entered the service in the guards in 1803, I was especially aware of the riches who took the fate of the serpent; richly once I felt the details of a malicious catastrophe, as if it were still in fresh memory and served as the subject of the most lively discussions in officer conversations. More than once, standing in a chat room in the Mikhailovsky castle, I went to the room with crows, as if I had taken Pavlo, and into his bedroom, as if I had long been lost in a colossal look; go down and go down to your kokhanka, Princess Gagarina, the big Lopukhina. Eyewitnesses explained to me on the missions, as everything seemed to be. In addition to my readings in various foreign books about the death of Paul, with my best guesses, I can tell you about it, I will tell you with a list of sympathizers, whose names I can guess. We had up to 60 people, the majority of the guards officers, yak, not taking the fate of the zmov, guessed about this reason and, for hatred before Pavel, were ready to embrace success. Axis who were individuals, less and all the same known: St. Petersburg Viysk General-Governor Count von der Pahlen; Vice-Chancellor Count N. P. Panin; Prince Platon Zubov - Chief of the 1st Cadet Corps; Yogo's brothers: Valeryan - Chief of the 2nd Cadet Corps and Mikola; Major General Benigsen and Talizin - commander of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and inspector of the St. Petersburg Inspectorate; chiefs of regiments: Kexholmsky - Verderevsky; Senate battalions - Ushakov; 1st Artillery Regiment - Tuchkov; commanders of the guard regiments: Uvarov - Cavalier Guard; Yankovich-Demirievo - Horse Guards; Depreradovich - Semenovsky, that Prince Vyazemsky - the chief of the 4th battalion of the Preobrazhensky Regiment; of the same regiment, colonels: Zapolsky and Argamakov; Captain Shenshin and Staff Captain Baron Rosen; lieutenants: Marin and Leontiev; two brothers of Argamakov; Count Tolstoy - Colonel of the Semenivsky regiment; Prince Volkonsky - adjutant c. K. Oleksandr Pavlovich; lieutenants: Saveliev, Kikin, Pisarev, Poltoratsky, Yukhimovich; Izmailovsky regiment Colonel Mansurov; lieutenants: Volkhovsky, Skaryatin ta; Colonel Golenishchev-Kutuzov of the Cavalry Guards Regiment; captain Titov; lieutenant Gorbativ; artillerymen: Colonel Prince Yashvil; lieutenant Tatarinov; naval captain commander Klokachiv. From the zmovi, Crimean Viysk, they took the fate of a sprig of courtiers and civilians and navіt vіdstavnih; I can't guess their names.

With your soul, move that Count Pahlen, one of the smartest people in Russia, courageous, inquisitive, with a daring, unpretentious character. A Kurdish native, he was born after Peter III, having entered the Russian service as a cornet in the Horse Guards Regiment. At Tsaryuvanya Katerina, Palen diligently took the advent of Courland to the empire, fell in love with Russia and, with all his soul, entered his new country. W zhalem i oburennyam divivsya vіn on Shalennyi samovladdya Paul on nepostіynіst i mіnlivіst Yogo zovnіshnoї polіtiki scho zagrozhuvala prosperity i mogutnostі Russie, Paul, spershu vorog frantsuzkoї revolyutsії, ready to OAO All pozhertvuvannya for її strangled, rozdratovany svoїmi nedavnіmi allies viprobuvanі Yogo vіyskami - the defeat of the generals: Rimsky-Korsakov in Switzerland and the Netherlands in Holland - after the glorious campaign in Italy, raptly change his political system and not only put up with the first consul of the French Republic, she threatens the war of England. Rozriv і from it zavdav nevimovnoї shkodi our zakordonnіy trade. England has given us both manufacturing and colonial creations for the creation of our soil. Tsya trade opened up single ways, with which everything we needed rushed to Russia. The nobility was provided with the right income from its mothers, letting bread, ship's foxes, chuggles, bacon, hemp, lyon and other over the sea. Having risen from England, destroying the material goodness of the nobility, singling hatred for Paul before him, and so destroyed by yogo by zhorstoy despotism.

Pavel's thought of vaping, in some way, became mayzhe spilnoy. Count Pahlen, unscrupulous at the choice of koshtiv, what to lead to the point, having ventured to get it right.

Count Palen was at the great mercy of the emperor, who was smart enough to appreciate this greatness. Giving the trust of yoga, venerable devotions to all the most important states of the world. As the governor of the capital, Palen, having run the taєmnoy polієyu, and through a new one they could reach the tsar with a report of її agents: it was the guarantee of savings in the taєmnitsі zmovi. If the thought of a new one has ripened, and Palen, knowing the huge thought, I tell fortunes, instantly invest in wealthy sleepers, having ventured to show my courageous name to the Vice-Chancellor Count N.P. Panin, whom Pavlo loved as the nephew of his master, Count N.I. Panina. Vihovaniya sensible and enlightened uncle, Count N.P. The pan has acquired a free way of thinking, hating despotism and wanting like a fall of a divine king, but after these falls fall asleep legally-free decrees, like they surrounded the tsar’s self-ownership. From the first drive and Count Palen rozdіlyav yogo way of thinking.

Palena and Panina were the first to make peace with Pavel, the leader of Katerina, Prince Platon Zubov and his brothers, Valerian and Mikoli, who were in disgrace, - they caught the stench of them, Zubov was taken into service and arrived Petersburg. Palen and Panin knew in advance their hatred before Paul and were inspired in their diligent spryann: to him they gave them their name. The teeth entered into a zeal, and with them a sprinkling of clients given to them, like a stench stood up under the hour of their strength for Katerini. From tsikh osіb for the character and his becoming important boules: General Baron Benigsen, Hanoverian, who served as a sign in Poland and Persian wars in our troops, introduced by Pavel, like a man, viddan Zubov, and accepted again into the service for the troubles of Count Panin, who he was friendly with him, and General Talizin, commander of the Preobrazhensky regiment and inspector of the military, near Petersburg.

The arrival of such a sleeper was important for the success of them, that Talizin was loved by the people: like a chief of love, he was worthy of great honor with all the guards police and in a moment, start to pull after him no less than officers, and tea to inspire the lower ranks yazani. .

BCA non-Operals by Todіshnіm River Procedure, all Naisrat Peterburska Comrade І Gvardіyski Officon Sestri Sestry, Yaka Bula, Svitskoi Bani, Yak Boula in the friendly knockout of the English ambassador, Vіdvіduvachi ї ї іtalnі. As the thought has expanded in Europe, Lord Whitward is the main culprit of the move and that he did not screw up English pennies to buy spilniks, in order to fend off the development of Russia from England, threatening the trading interests of the rest. I can’t imagine, first, that Lord Whitward should follow strict honesty and gentry rules with his own rules, so that it would be possible to suspect Yogo in such an approach and immoral action, - then zmova against Pavel bula on the right is purely Russian, for some are truly patriotic, and in Yak, the Crimea of Benigsen, without taking part, a foreigner lives; the th Lord Whitward sighed from Petersburg immediately after I rose from England, then, on the cob, sigh. Evening gatherings at the brothers of the Zubovs and at Zherebtsova gave rise to right political clubs, in which the only object of the roses was the camp of Russia, which suffers under the oppression of a crazy self-owner. They talked about the need to lay down some kinets. No one thought of dying on the life of Pavel, - it was one bed of bazhannya: zmusiti yogo was moved to the throne for the melancholy of recession, all the hell for kindness, luminosity, lag and great confidence, - like a self-possessed character of the opposite. All the cі nіdbuvalis, obviously under the auspices of the St. Petersburg governor, who, like the head of the taєmnoї polіtsії, otrimuvav schpigunіv and giving ruh only to those who do not stosuvavsya zmovi that osіb, nyu zamіshanih. Count Pahlen step by step preparing the Grand Duke Oleksandr Pavlovich before the coup d'état he plotted, it was necessary for the successful implementation of such a year. Often bachachis with him, Palen always directing the language to the important and vigilant camp of Russia, who suffers from the divine vchinkivs of the father yoga, and, not leading the annual visnovkivs, calling the Grand Duke to the door.

“STOP CHILDING. GO TO REIGN!"

Tim an hour Oleksandr, having hidden himself at his apartment on the first version, having spent a sleepless night, listening to some kind of invisible galas that moons over his head. Unstoppable silence, like a raptom went for a swedish mush, iced up his blood. Vіn not laughing at the pіti and recognizing the news and needing in an anxious mind. The team was instructed by him. So, huddling one to one, stunned with fear, the stench sat all night, not having spoken the desired word. What is seen there, on the mountains? Chi Pavlo having signed the act of ordination? Chi reached Zubov and Bennigsen of a peaceful deployment, as if the stench had been condemned for an hour of preparation before the price of the action. Why? .. Cheek to cheek, hand in hand, the Grand Duke and Elizabeth did not allow the thought of the worst. Oleksandr was dressed in his full dress uniform; Crazy, hour after hour, glancing timidly at the icon, so that forgiveness would be forgiven from her for those who live without her fate, but for her sake.

The doors opened unbidden, and Palen appeared at the door. With guilty persons, a few officers, who surrounded Oleksandr, saw him. Palen having spoken, and from the first yoga words, Oleksandr went to work. Vin without a word of understanding about the tragic finale of his father’s life and having miraculously realized that he had to instill guilt and not giving orders for a similar result, then all the same, he couldn’t go wrong with you. And now it’s different now, like we’re looking at: more wine, less wine, are we truly wine? Humane laws can be used to prove the truth, shards are grounded on the one who cherished yoga witness. Yogo's hands were clean, but Yogo's soul was zaplyamovana navіki. Shards of wine still resounding, burying themselves at the chest of his squad, Palen, approaching the new one by two steps, with a viraz of firmness and speaking in French: “Stop being childish. Go to reign. Go surrender to the guards!” Elizaveta, like a persha, got into her nerves, pidbadyoryu Oleksandra, entreating yogo, not respecting sums, take it into your hands to show the shana of the capital, like she was growing her vibir.

"EVERYTHING WILL BE WITH ME, AS WITH BABUCH"

Forcefully rising, Oleksandr follows Palen at the inner door of the Mikhailovsky castle, dezbudovanie corrals that guarded the imperial life at night. Deadly blond, with a slight shifting of legs, the wines are swaying right in front of the soldiers waking up in a line, whistling the wind. Palen, Bennigsen, Teeth to otochyuyu yogo. Yogo sleepers. І vіn sche can be vdyachnym! Hearing the ogid, grief, sigh, vin vigukuu in a voice trembling like tears: “Batiushka raptovo died of apoplexy. Everything will be with me, like for a grandmother, Empress Katerina. Youmu replies loudly "Hurrah!". “It’s possible, everything is better,” Oleksandr calms himself, just like an officer, who drove in his father, soothe him. In the future, Kostyantin's bath, rude and untidy, takes on the reign of his elder brother. Only Empress Maria Feodorivna richly mourns the death of the hated monarch.

Russia, St. Petersburg. 1801 rіk

Move against Paul smoldered all the fates of the yogic rule. Vіn was introduced as the eldest daughter of Peter the Great Ganna I, apparently, the nephew of the student of the Empress Elizaveta Petrivna. Calling everything, Petro Fedorovich (the future Petro III) is hardly Pavel's father. Katerina herself pushed her leader, Sergiy Saltikov, against the fatherland. The co-workers also spoke about the portrait likeness.

Forty-two rocky checks Pavlo to Vlad. Vzaєmini z matіr'yu boules, softly kazhuchi, foldable. Katerina did not allow Sin to state rights. Over those remaining fates, she blamed the idea of transferring the throne over the head of Paul to the son of Oleksandr.

The character of the "Russian Hamlet", as Paul was poetically called, is wondrous. Having reached the throne, Pavlo started from the fact that Sevastopol was changed to Akhti-yar, he fenced the waltz and wore sideburns and, victorious memory of the hated matir, that she took the throne from Yogo Batka, unleashing anger on his lovers - both the living and the dead.

Pavlo having taken away the miracle at that hour of the light, but groaning, like a father, with the Prussian military orders and the specialty of King Frederick the Great. Be ironic, we rejoice with the left of the world, but for an hour falling into the attack of a wild roar, if you shouted from the dribnitsa, stamping your feet, instantly chasing the kimos with a reed, who shouted yoga anger. Crazy mood swings gave rise to anonymous legends about the emperor's tyranny. Pavel's first court was not far away - Grand Duchess Natalia Oleksiivna greeted a man with Count Rozumovsky. Vaughn died half an hour later and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Another bride from the Württem-Berzka princess Sophia-Dorothea, who became after the adoption of the Orthodox Mary Fedorivna, appeared as a whole in the distance and “fair” - 10 children were born at the friend, the future dynasty was safe.

For the fates of his reign, the emperor lived a low number of visits, effectively needed and knew his development and in the coming kingship. But the problem is that the change was strimko, so the very strimko could be skasovanny, as from the horn of prosperity, regulations were hoarse - zokrema and drіb'yazkovі. Why are famous fences on the wearing of round capelyukhivs (signs of speech to the Jacobins!), on the implantation of such words, for example, “suspіlstvo”, deputy “club”, it was ordered to implant the word “collection”, “batkivshchyna” - “state”, “vartova”. "varta", etc.

Members of the tsar's life explained on 11 Birth of 1801 the policy of Paul I: the destruction of the articles of the Letter of Letters of 1785, the reprisals against the officer corps, the political instability in the country, the weakened guarantees of noble freedoms and the introduction of Anley, the diplomatic blues. The order of Paul I was right to formally violate the articles of the “Chaluance Letter”, fenced the provincial collections of the nobles and sent them corporal punishment. But the rest stagnated at the wine-coloured vipadkas, less for ringing with political mischief, and less for the relief of the nobility.

Although there were no more than a dozen nobles who had been punished in the body, all the vipadki were in the house, they were judged like at the grand salons, and in the guard barracks. The voice poov'yazuvav їх viklyuchenno with the despotism of the emperor.

It is unreasonable to lose food on the scale of today's repressions. Spell the witnesses to the acknowledgment of the arrests, arrests, slaughters, relief of the nobility of the nobility, nareshti, conquests, zokrema and at Siberia. Vіdomosti about the number of victims of the superhuman: over 2.5 thousand officers - for the tribute of Valishevsky, over 700 osіb - for Schilder; Eidelman's most authoritative pranksters: imprisoned at the prison, sent to hard labor and sent to prison close to 300 nobles, for a vinjat masses of others, punished less zhorstok, a large number of those who suffered more than 1.5 thousand people. In Siberia, the nobles were sent rather rarely, more often - in maetki, provinces, army regiments.

The first "conspiracies" against Pavel can be seen until 1797-1799, and even then the conspiracies of the fall - the Grand Duke Oleksandr.

In 1800, the rotation became a splitting zmova, which made it possible for the emperor to live. The leading role was played by Count Mikita Petrovich Panin, Admiral Josip Mikhailovich de Ribas and Count Petro Oleksiyovich von der Palen.

Pevne, Panіn bov іdeynym nathnennik zmovi. At the list of Mary Fedorivna, the wines are recognized in that commemorative role, as if they had played the 11th birthday, and I indicate on the motives of their participation in them, from some of the most headless ones - “you are dumb for what you should be.” Panin himself, having tried to get Oleksandr to the sound. Saxon resident near St. Petersburg K.-F. Rozentsweig, asking for the wedding of Panin himself, recalling that in the autumn of 1800, having begun secret negotiations with Prince Alexander about the introduction of a regency for the butt of England, the prince, parliament and the cabinet of ministers controlled the crazy king George III. Already after the arrival of the reign of Alexander I, the Swedish ambassador to Russia Stedingk added to his order: “The pann project of the revolution against the late emperor was at the singing sensation of warehouses for the sake of the king’s emperor and was inspired by the great peace. Vіn setting as a metaphor for Paul's ordering authority, depriving Yoma, however, of the representation of the supreme authority, as we see it in Denmark. For Danimi Chartorіysky, Spadoєmets Consolidating the detail of this plan: "Paul Mav Bi Yak І Ranksha Life in Mikhailіvkom Palatsі і Kornowatsya Zayskiy Karsky Palaans ... Vіin [Oleksandron] Preventive Matima All, Shaho Tіlki Mozheti Yom Zadorolnyna, і scho will be happy there and happy.

Ale Panin at the fall of the leaves 1800 rock was sent to the slander, Ribas died on the cob of breast raptov. Before the speech, it was a little bit that the admiral was torn off by the guards, as if they were afraid that the successor of Odesa, who was following his approach, would vitiate Pavlov’s plans. One St. Petersburg Viysk governor, Palen, was left alone, and, needing help from him, vіn maisterno stumbled into his right. Such a razgaluzhenna and brilliantly organized zmov, that it had been done so much for the idea, Russia, I guess, I didn’t know yet. A lot of details of the Palenivsky undertaking are filled with confusion.

One of the leading participants and witnesses of the reign of kingship, General Levin-August-Theophilus von Bennigsen, was a firm believer. “Count Panin and General de Ribas were the first, as if they laid down a plan for a coup. The rest died like that, without having reached the end of his mind, and the first one did not waste his hope to vryatuvat power. Vin told his thoughts to the Viysk governor, Count Palen. The stinkers once again spoke about the Grand Duke Oleksandr and changed him to wait for the coup, for the revolution, viklikana to the outrageous discontents, is guilty of not falling today tomorrow, and even then it will be important to transfer the legacy.

Oleksandr I first noticed the proposition, then, having succumbed to the reconciliation, I declared the animal to a new respect and discussed it on the right. (Yogo's brother, Grand Duke Kostyantin, having remained uninitiated for the rest of the moment.)

Palen, having taken the function of a "technical" stoner, moved Same wine, having developed a plan, selecting the necessary people. After the meeting, Panina Vin Viv had a talk with Oleksandr. Palen's motives are to save your camp, which was wise because of the indecent character of Paul I. If the English ambassador, Lord Whitworth, took part in the sermon, then it turned out to be a generous financial undertaking. Bagato who bachiv at Palen gold in guineas. At the birch tree of 1801, roaring in the cards, Palen put 200 thousand rubles in gold. For a modest Courland nobleman, what a reach and attain the heights of power, a great penny.

Among the other participants are Bennigsen, the brothers Petro, Valerian and Mikola Zubov, generals Talizin and Uvarov, Yashvil, Tatarinov, Skaryatin and many others. The total number of zmovniks was 60 people, wanting to know about the zmovu, obviously, more osib. Tsikavo, who is a high-ranking aristocracy (for rare vinyatkas), like the ordinary warehouse of the guard regiments, did not take part in the zmov.

Tim hour Pavlo vypisav z Nіmechchini 13-River Prince of Württemberg Yevgen, hung up namіr to adopt yogo and navіt on those who themselves in tsomu boy to succumb to his spadkoymtsya.

Zmovniki, on the side of Palen, launched a campaign to get closer to Pavel, who was ahead of Rostopchin. After the appointment of Rostopchin, A.B. Kurakin, and Palen - a member of the board of foreign rights, continuing the cherubation of St. Petersburg, posting the office of that significant part of the army. The way to implement the coup was clear.

Palen more and more often zalyakuє zadkoєmtsya unsafe prospect of the mighty future: saying, more and more obviously the madness of the emperor to put a dilemma before Oleksandr - either the throne, or aggravated and bring death. I couldn’t convince myself that I couldn’t convince myself.” Prote Oleksandr, hankering after Palen for a front obіtsyanki, so that he would not wave at the father's life. “I gave you my word: I didn’t lay the consolations of the senses, so that I could internally take on the goiter and vikonate the impossibly rich; but it was necessary to calm down the pedantry of my future sovereign, and I, having encouraged him, wanting to change, I couldn’t manage it. in the pit will soon come out, the most terrible reaction will become.

Pavlo I suspected that there were some hidden costs of Palen and Oleksandr. In truth, they were already discussing the details of the action, moreover, the sergeant vouched for the Semenivsky regiment under his command. True, the officers were “buffed even more smartly,” but, being young and light-minded people, they demanded curation from the side of people with knowledge and energy. This was how they respected the middle brothers of Zubov and Bennigsen, who were then in disfavor with the capital.

For the assertions of Palen, he took advantage of the "romantic character" of the emperor, having overthrown him generously to rebuke all disgraced osіb. It is important to say that it was true, but on the 1st leaf fall of 1800, a decree was written that allowed “everyone to vibulim zі services, which we will turn off ... rozpochat it.” As a result, Platon and Valerian Zubov were appointed directors of the 1st and 2nd Cadet Corps, and Mykola Zubov became the chief of the Sumy Hussar Regiment.

Bennigsen, having arrived to St. Petersburg "at his right," where did the other participants arrive, more importantly from the officers. The term vikonannya on the cob was taken away on Great Day - 24 February 1801. Then they moved yoga to the 15th, and having learned about the name of Pavel, call Palen at the post office from the replacement of the Arakcheevs, they called on the 11th day.

“To what is our rozmov, continue Palen, and having snarled, I once wrote about the new Grand Duke, reconsidering him tomorrow for the planned blow; vіn zmusiv mene vіdstrochiti yogo until the 11th day, if the 8th battalion of the Semenіvsky regiment will be devout, in some vin there will be even more, lower in others. I waited for the price of violence and not without anxiety at the next two days.

On the 11th day of the 22nd year, Pavlo was accepted as a page of the 1st Cadet Corps (headed by Platon Zubov). The warta is changing, which called out the displeasure of the emperor of the film guards (the regiment was not assigned to the army, loyal to Paul) to deprive the castle. The king is destroying at his bedchamber. The active hour is to pray in front of the icon in the front room. Potim life-medic Grivi gives Pavlovian like faces. The doors are being repaired. The emperor descends by secret descents to his kohanka Gagarina. The rest of the princess was known to have special apartments, and special steps led to her. At Gagarin's wines, he wrote a note to the ailing - obviously, "diplomatically" - Viysk minister H.A. Leven: “Your illness will drag on for a long time, it’s impossible for the shards to know how to go stalely, so that the flies help you, so you happen to hand over the portfolio of the military ministry to Prince Gagarin.” That buv is a gift of a man's kohanka. Prote papire for confession is not diyshov. That was the last document, signed by Paul 1. Over the course of a year, opivnochi, I went up to myself.

And in the meantime, the members of the family were preparing the rest of the preparations. The participants went to different apartments and drank champagne for the good. After eleven o'clock, watering was done at the arrivals of the Winter Palace. There were generals Talizin, Depreradovich, Uvarov, colonels Vyazemsky, Zapolsky, Arseniev, Volkonsky, Mansurov and others - only a few dozen people. Palen, Zubov, Bennigsen come here. The first toast to the health of the new emperor - Oleksandr, zbentezhuyuchi deyakikh officers. Platon Zubov speaks to support him from the promo. Blaming and imminently nourishment, as if inflicted on Paul. Behind a number of dzherel, Palen followed the French order: "If you cook an omelette, break eggs." Dehto vymagaє more povnogo raz'yasnennya, and Colonel Bibikov navit nіbito proponuє as the best variant pozbutisya against all the Romanovs. Unexpectedly, the participants will pick up pistols and form, behind the plan, two officers’ colonies, closing in on the Mikhailovsky castle. On top of Palen, a friend - under the ceramics of the Zubovs and Bennigsen.

It is supposed that the battalions of the Preobrazhensky Regiment are on the way to the Summer Garden, and the battalions of the Semenivsky Regiment (the guards near the castle) are located on Nevsky Prospekt in the district of the capital.

The head of the fire is put on the Bennigsen column, with him Plato and Mikola Zubov. Following Bennigsen's responses, the column went without a hitch to the emperor's chambers, but 12 people were left behind, most of them got lost on the road. Before the door of the imperial front door, the Adjutant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Argamakov told the valet that he needed to be told about the terms. The doors opened, and the stench escaped. The valet shoved himself, one of the guides who were known there, rushed at the entrance, and then sounded with a blow of the sword on the head. The noise, having woken up Pavel, and now, for a moment, vryatuvatisya through the darkness, go down to Gagarin, ale, over a slap, huddled in one of the little screens, which blocked him lightly.

Memoirists describe the emperor in different ways in the remains of Khvilin. Vіn demoralіzovaniya, schoyno mozhe say; vіn save the goodness and navit zustrichaє zmovniki with a sword at the hands. The teeth are trimmed to the side, commanded by Bennigsen, zamіshannya, it’s not necessary for the emperor to pronounce on the throne for the sin’s greed, the wines are led, the tsar is supposed to be arrogant with Plato Zubov (the elder at the rank). "You are no longer an emperor," declares the prince. Pavlo remembers your crack. At the same time, Mikola Zubov is in charge of the emperor striking with a golden snuffbox at the crotch. The king falls without feelings. The name is beginning. The teeth are moving away. Bennigsen posterizes how the Guards officers b'yut Pavel. In order to pin the scene on the right, complete it on the right, proponing it with a scarf. For some tributes, the staff-captain Skaryatin's scarf was worn, for others - the emperor's own scarf was worn.

Benningsen himself later told Lanzheron: We are entering. Platon Zubov live to bed, do not know anyone and speak French: "Win vtik!" I went for Zubov and poached, de hovaetsya the emperor. Like everything else, I’m at the front uniform, at the scarf, at the strichtsі over the shoulder, at the cape on the head and with the sword in the hands. I dropped the її and said in French: “Your majesty, your reign is over: Emperor Oleksandr of votes. On yoga mandate, we will arrest you; you are guilty of being called to the throne. Do not worry about yourself: you are not allowed to be allowed to live; I am here to protect and protect, to subdue my share; but if you fix even the smallest opir, I don’t testify any more. The emperor does not give me a single word. Platon Zubov repeating the Russian language that I said in French. Todi win vyguknuv: "What am I to you zrobiv!" One of the officers of the Guards retorted: “The Axis is already hot, as you are torturing us ...“”

Bennigsen rozpovidaє, that at that moment before peace, a group of officers evaded, that they had strayed from the road earlier. The noise raised by them, having called on Bennigsen's companions, seemed to be saying that they would hasten to help the king, and the other guardsmen, and the stench broke out. Behind the emperor, one Bennigsen was left and "having drenched yoga, impressing with his gaze that with his sword." At the sound of the sound, the comrades turned with them to Pavel's bedroom, in the tovst they threw the screen over the lamp, which stood on the bed, it went out. Bennigsen veiled to the quill in our room for a candle, and for a short hour Pavel's heart clung to him.

Empress Maria Feodorivna reacted gruffly to those that had happened, as if she were dressed in a smart way and longed to let a man down to the body. Prote soldiers stood up for їy way, and even the doctors made up the beaten man.

The Empress continued vimagati to allow її to the body. Having allowed Bennigsen to work, Oleksandr would be able to “get along without any noise”, moreover, in a particularly courteous manner, Maria Feodorivna took Bennigsen’s hand and went first to the grand dukes and at once destroyed them in the royal chambers. Saying goodbye to the man, she dragged on all the way to the Winter Palace and only a cob of her sweater into the carriage.

According to the decisions of the military officers, those who were close to Paul I, the commandant of the Mikhailovsky castle Kotlubitsky, chief marshal Narishkin, prosecutor general Obolyaninov, commander of the Izmailovsky regiment, lieutenant general Malyutin, inspector general of the cavalry, were arrested.

Arrest ochikuvav and remozhtsya - Count Kutaisov, for the zatrimannya of such a bulk sent to the booth of Yogo Kohanka - actress Chevalier. Ale Count tskogo once pishov vіd neї earlier, nizh zvichayno. Feeling the noise at the royal chambers, wines at the taєmnih gatherings, quickly rushed out of the palace without laces and panchos, and so rushing to the booth of his friend Z S Lansky, de and knew the timchasovy porch. Palena varta, afraid of the "black" like an image.

How did they instigate a coup in Russia? Among the people - baiduzhe, among the nobility - with triumphs. Vіdomy publicist freemason N.I Grech behind his youthful hostility small steps - “Zdivuvannya, joy, suffocation, zbudzhenikh qієyu, vtim, heavy, vile and ganebnoy podієyu, it’s impossible to imagine. Fairly saying Karamzin in his note about the camp of Russia. "Whoever is unfortunate for Pavel1 Only in his family have tears about the death of Yogo." Not only in words, but also on the sheet, in the press, especially in the verses, the radiance of tyranny is almost liberated.”

The Decembrist M A Fonvizin wrote: “Ordinary people in Russia, not praising the good, like the stench of the tyranny of Paul, for the sake of his fall. At the booths, on the streets, people cried, embraced one by one, like the day of Holy Resurrection. However, it was only the nobility that caused the slaughter, and others began to take the call to get the baiduzhe.

An ordinary life squadron of Sablukov, Grigory Ivanov, on the request of the commander, to swear allegiance to Oleksandr after looking around the body of the late monarch, vіdpovіv: And, vtіm, all the same, whoever is not pіp, that i father "

On January 12, the manifesto was publicized. “To the shares of the All-Vishish, it was a good thing to take the life of our loving father, Sovereign Emperor Pavel Petrovich, who died with a stroke of apoplexy in the middle of the 11th to the 12th day of the month of Mi, having taken a slow mind for the laws and in my heart I rest in God our sovereign empress Katerina the Great, who will remember us and all vіtchiznі forever be loving, so according to її we are wise to us walking, reachable to bring Russia to the top of glory and deliver inviolably through it we call to photograph the vіrnіst їх to us by oath to us , asking Yogo, and give us strength until the exaltation of the tractor, which is laid down on us ”Signed Oleksandr.

Dzherela

Surround the emperor’s victories in the wake of the companions of the presenters, as if they were connected with the uninterrupted participants of the movement. (With the same dzherelami, created without intermediary by the workers, there is a sheet by L. L. Bennigsen and a note by K. M. Poltoratsky). Vіdomostі, scho povіdomlyayutsya memoirists, often superbly in detail. Modern historian Yu. A. Sorokin, who specializes in this period, writes that it’s better for everything “not to give in to authentic facts, recreating them from the witnesses of eyewitnesses and other contemporary people.”

Dzherelami on this topic є:

List of major memoirs

change your mind

Pavlo I on the portrait of S. Shchukin

Zhorstki, scho to reach the zhorstokosti methods of management of Paul I, created by him an atmosphere of fear and innocence, dissatisfaction with the greater nobles (allowing for a lot of freedom and privileges), the Moscow Guards officers and the instability of the political course brought to viniknennia Pavlo endured the disgrace of the bans on his relatives, threatening the dynasty itself, which allowed the participants in the stabbing to honor themselves with the Romanovs.

From a sheet of Semyon Vorontsov, written by Ezop's mow:

“We are on the ship, the captain of which and the crew are building a nation whose language we do not know. I have a sea ailment, and I can’t get laid. You come, so that I may be voiced, that the hurricane is mіtsnіє and the ship is guinea, more the captain is godless, the crew, in which there are more than 30 people, if you do not dare to rely on yoga windings, to the one who has already thrown one sailor into the sea and killed another. I guess that the ship will sink; but you think that you are hopeful for the order, to that the captain’s first assistant is a young man, feisty and soft, as if he is worthy of the trust of the crew. I conjure you to turn on the mountain and show the young people to the sailors, who will follow the ship, part of what (as well as part of the vantage) lie young people, who are against one and it’s ridiculous to be afraid of death at the hands of the divine captain, if you don’t have a mustache vin himself to drown through ce madness. You tell me that, not knowing the language, You can’t say to him that you are destroying the mountain, that you are breaking, that you are breaking. You turn to me, so that you can voice, that the problem is getting better, that it is divine, like earlier, cheruє, and yet you, like earlier, are spodivaetsya. Farewell! You are happy for me, my friend, to the one that I can no longer hope for.

Zmovniki's plan

The creation of the core of the coalition of stalwarts, in order to believe that changes are necessary, should be brought before the summer of 1799.

Spontaneously, behind the high-handed declarations, the christians were small enough to surround themselves with the arrest of Paul in order to zmusit yogo to be called to the throne for the grudge of the elder son. Panin and Palen were in solidarity with the need to introduce a constitution, Prote Panin was in a position to help the regency, and Palen - with the demise of Paul I. in dosi do not think about it and may not inform anyone about a specific plan, a term, to inspire goals, for example, is explained with close interlocutors about the regency, saving Paul's life with internal perekonanosti, that the king needs to be beaten. The theme of the regency stood out as an analogy to the situation that occurred in those days in Great Britain, when the regency of Yogo Sin (div. The Age of the Regency) was officially established over the divine George III. In Denmark, in the reign of King Christian VII from 1784, the regent also ruled, who later became king under the name of Frederick VI. (Before the speech, Christian VII on the mother's line was George I's onuk).

Benigsen wrote: “A decision was made to enchant the special emperor and bring yoga in such a place, de moment to change under close supervision, and de vin buv concessions to the ability to work evil” . It is said that the greater number of dignitaries respected it so much that it was scary to raise a hand against the monarch, and the organizers of the move were planning a crooked rozvyazka from the very beginning.

Participants zmovi

Mikita Panin

Petro Palen

Platon Zubov

Mikola Zubov

The total number of people who have been educated at the school, according to estimates, is 180 to 300 people. Eidelman roughly divides employees into three main groups:

the first - the leaders, the most consecrated, who were aware of the residual drive-in plan, as well as Zubov
1. Panin, Mikita Petrovich- Vice-Chancellor, buv іdeynym nathnennik move. We were hanging out from Petersburg and we were physically on the day of the opening hour.
2. Palen, Petro Oleksiyovych- Governor-General of St. Petersburg, having taken over the functions of a technical stone worker. At the fall of 1800 rock, having spent it in disgrace.
3. Ribas, Osip Mikhailovich- taking a part in the cob planning, he died on 2 (13) of the month of 1800, moreover, there is a hypothesis that Baron Pahlen was guilty, that there was a sick person in the admiral's death, stalking for him, schob, ailments, zmovnikiv - shards in the rest of the month before his death, Pavlo helped Ribas, and that moment saw the spilnikov.
4. Teeth:
  1. Zubov, Platon Oleksandrovich, prince - the remaining leader of Catherine II. Pavel’s distance from the yard, ale zavdyaki intrusions of Kutaisov’s wrapping around his finger, and that klopotat before the emperor about the yogo turn. Buv zaucheniya to zvdyaki zavdyaki meaningful infusion, zabrobnіm him by the remaining fates of Tsaryuvanya Katerini, yogo wide zv'yazki, the stake of knowledge that beneficent to him ofitserіv. Buv is a symbol of the Katherine hour.
  2. Zubov, Mikola Oleksandrovich, count - yogo brother, son-in-law of Suvorov. Bad, but great, physically strong people, lured through their homeland ties that sympathy of soldiers. They were free to not share information with him, because the yogo team was more than a balakucha.
  3. Zubov, Valerian Oleksandrovich- Yogo brother, having spent his leg on the war, did not go to the castle.
  4. Zherebtsova, Olga Oleksandrivna- yoga sister. Її respected the kohanka of Ambassador Winworth, she ruled over busy evenings, on which, under a dutiful drive, the dignitaries could climb. Lopukhin, Petro Vasilovich, a close relative of Zherebtsova, having told about her: “Whitworth, through the mediation of O. A. Zherebtsova, was among the hirelings; in її booth zbіgoviski were taken, through її hands the bula was guilty to pass the scrip, recognized for driving in or less for putting Emperor Paul on the throne ... For a few days to 11, Zherebtsova's birch knew that it was safe for her to be thrown out of the cordon and in Berlin the result was better. ". After Pavel's death, London won a sum of money taken from the English order, which amounted to 2 million rubles. Tsі pennies owed were but rozpodіlenі mіzh zmovniki, especially timi, yakі took the fate of vbivstvі. Ale Zherebtsova respected the better to take the whole bag behind her, being convinced that no one would dare to win a well-deserved wine.
later, the officers were ill-treated, yak to take part in the combined strategy, but they also guarded the offensive squad of the ієrarchy. Engaged in recruitment among the third group.
The middle and young officers, as if they were selected for the principle of their dissatisfaction, hostility, hatred for the Pavlovsk system, uninformed, the deacons for them became uninterrupted vykonavtsy, and others - less than singers, as they did not curse the king's hands. For example:
1. Poltoratsky, Kostyantyn Markovich- pro yoga notes divas. Leaving behind your own soldiers.
2. Marin, Sergiy Nikiforovich, Lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment - also standing on guard and controlling the soldiers (commanding the internal guard of the Preobrazhens - the guard of the Life Battalion - at the Mikhailovsky Castle).
3. Bibikov N. I., officer (colonel?) - a note from the notes of L.L.
4. Insights from the notes of M. A. Fonvizin: Colonel of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Zapolsky(commander of the 4th battalion of the Preobrazhensky Regiment); Captain of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Shenshin; Preobrazhensky pokie staff captain baron Rosen Leontiev; Lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Argamakov; Lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Argamakov(Ridny brother of the front); Semenivsky Regiment Colonel Count Tolstoy; Adjutant st. Prince Oleksandr Pavlovich Volkonsky Saveliev; Semenivsky regiment (?) lieutenant Kikin; Semenivsky regiment (?) lieutenant Pisarev; Semenivsky regiment (?) lieutenant Pivtoratsky(In another place, the author calls him an ensign); Semenivsky regiment (?) lieutenant Yukhimovich Volkhovskiy; Izmailovsky regiment lieutenant Kutuzov; Cavalier Guard Regiment Captain Titov; Cavalier Guard Regiment (?) Lieutenant Gorbativ; naval captain commander Klokachov.

Present at vbivstvі

As is traditionally respected, no one from the first group of zmovniks without intermediary driving into themselves without spitting, although Bennigsen and Platon and Mikola Zubov were about twelve people, who escaped into the bedroom, but, as if respected, the stench happily left the room. On the thought of some historians, a story about today's day - they guessed nonsense with the method of their own abundance.

The list of errors, which penetrated to the bedroom, changes regularly in memoirs:

More information about the call

The place of death

Michael's Castle

Tsіkavo, that the tsar died in the same place, when he was born - the awakening of the Mikhailovsky castle was built on the site of the wooden Summer Palace of Empress Elizabeth Petrivna, created by the architect Rastrelli, on 20 spring 1754, Grand Duchess Katherine Prince Pavlaivna gave birth to the Great.

Michael's Castle, the place of death of Paul, richly rocky, having been flooded with the sacred world. The grand idea of building the castle and the first sketches of its planning lay with the emperor himself. The work on the project of the future residence began in 1784, when the grand duke changed it. At the process of designing, as if it had been three years, 12 years, the years had gone up to different architectural developments, as if the years had passed the hour of the cordon 1781-1782 years. The decree about the life of the castle was seen in the first month of the reign of Paul I, on the 28th leaf fall, 1796. For the implementation of this palace, a lot of other futures were nailed, the stars were taken from the future material. At the order of the emperor, everyday life was conducted day and night.

The concept of the castle (the same, the non-powerful Russian architecture, living in Pavlo's word) gave it to the face of the idea, to the new one it was the place of the master of the Order of Malta, and the walls of the castle, zgidno with a broadened legend, were also made through the king's face . In addition, behind the walls of the castle, Pavlo, having tried to hide himself, did not dare to get lost at the Winter Palace, there were so many coups. Apparently, the king was overwhelmed by impersonal fears - for example, we were afraid of destroying wine.

On February 1, 1801, Pavlo's homeland was moved to a new palace. The last concert at the Zagalny Dining Hall on 10 Birch, 1801, on the new, zokrema, Madame Chevalier performed (who once managed to cherish the heart of the emperor Tim, who slept by the cloth of the colors of the walls of the Mikhailovsky Castle). And in the night from 11 to 12 on Birch, 1801, 40 days after such a smart move, Pavel was beaten to death at the vlasnaya bedroom. After the death of Pavel, the royal family turned to the Winter Palace, the castle having entered the significance of the front residence, passing at the entrance of the Ministry of the Imperial Court and gradually arriving at the desert.

Front furnish

Zmova drew clear outlines until the end of 1800.

On the 24th of a fierce zavdyak intrigue, Fedir Rostopchin ate in disgrace at Pavel's, in such a rank, the head supernik of Palen, who at that hour actually cherubed the sovereign, and nothing else passed over to the rest, give the rest of the stage a sigh.

February 3, 1801 Oleksandr Ribop'er fought in a duel with the still young prince B. Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky, the emperor thought that through his leader Ganni Gagarin. Pavlo sent the mothers and sisters of the offender to the scam, confiscated them for the time being, heaped them on the post office to accept their leaves, arrested the fallows for profit (without filing the father’s report about the duel in the hour), punished Palen, stole Ribop’er himself at the fort. The whole episode was burned, which was called by the conspiracy, like one of the leads.

Imovirno, the makers wanted to time the rozv'azka until 15 birch - "birch trees", like they brought death to the tyrant Caesar, but third-party podії hastened the adoption of the decision, the shards of the kings until the evening of 8 birch deyshov visnovka, nibi "want to repeat". Possibly, the denunciation of the tsar was written by V.P. Meshchersky, at the past chief of the St. Petersburg regiment, who lodged at Smolensk, it is possible - Prosecutor General P.Kh. Obolyaninov. Geiking write, maybe, spitting on Palen: Vіn indirectly having called the sovereign, who spoke about him with his lover Kutaisov; but the rest, having sung, that it’s just an incoming denunciation, let it be, to serve.”

Palen later confessed that on the 9th of June the emperor called out to himself, and asked about the zmova, Palen recognized his participation in the new one, arranging it on the right in such a way that he accepted the decision to become the “fifth column” and see everything for the sake of the goodness of the sovereign. Sochasnik Tol writes: “As the scene of Palen with the king is not a direct tale, then a legend, over which Palen prolongs his life, he sounds to laugh. It was true, but it sounded different, if Count Palen himself spoke in his own words: the emperor said to you as if at a ranking audience in the words (“It seems that against me there is a name and you are one of the leaders”); Palen, zbentezheny and slander, not knowing a little more beautiful, as if to meditate in bow, to pick up thoughts and think the king did not have a moment to read anything in your eyes. Only after that, like a wine, having guessed the Swedish Zusills to turn their guise of the greatest viraz, riziknuv prostatis. However, the quickness does not know the shortest vidpovіdі, the lower one is offensive (still with lowered eyes): “How can we eat like this, if there is a Tajmna expedition in us?” flooding this unsafe object. After Czartoryski, Pavlo stuns Palena, what he knows about the sound. “It’s impossible, sir,” said Palen calmly. “For this time, I, who I know everything, I myself am among the workers.” - The good-natured smile of the governor-general calmed Pavel.

Junius Oleksandr 1802 roku

It is shown that Pavlo has suspicions against his druzhina, and they are afraid of guilt, as if she didn’t blame him, as Katerina blamed his mother for his father. Possibly, the doors in the rest of the empress were closed (clogged). So the tsar is afraid to swear and order, so that “they were prepared for you not otherwise like a Swedish cook, like a bula in a small room, bіlya vosnyh yogo pokoїv”. In order to secure himself, Pavlo also called out to the capital of two disgraced generals Lindener and Arakcheev, but the vikonanny was more than quick to call. Eidelman put under doubt the truthfulness of this vikliku, and ask, chi was not a little bit about the Swedish arrival of the warriors of Palen's devilish provocation.

After the unsafe rozmovi with the emperor Palen taєmno baschitsya with Oleksandr and nibito showing him a decree, which condemns yogo matir, yogo that Kostyantina. Palen nibito to ask for a coup tomorrow, 10th of January; Oleksandr to ask for the 11th, and about tse prohannya Palen richly pіznіshe rozpoіst, rozumiyuchi, that it is not possible to prostut: “The Grand Duke zmusiv me vodstrochit until the 11th day, if the third battalion of the Semenіvsky regiment will be a devil, in a future , lower for others. I waited for the price and not without anxiety at the next two days. On the next day, the emperor will have enough time for a joint expedition with the French to India, beginning in the spring of 1801.

10 birch vines rise from the fortress of Ribop'er. On the same day, Archbishop Ambrose (Podobedov) gave gifts to the Metropolitan of St. Petersburg, and this fact immediately peopled a little bit, no new Vladik was needed for rozirvanya the old tsar's dress and laying the new one. That evening, the last concert at the Mikhailovsky Castle takes place. Prince Eugen of Württemberg testified that “... the queen marveled at the sight and, it seemed, wanted to understand, with some new ideas of employment її man. Just look wildly at that throw, and I marveled why such a mood does not lead to a concert. (...). After the concert, the sovereign, like a zavzhdi, pishov, ale yogo vydalennya, ochіkuvane dowshe, lower, sound, accompanied by a behavior that became more sensible to me than a year. If the bichni doors were opened, vіn pіdіyshov to the empress, who stood right-handed, zupinivsya in front of her, slyly chuckling, crossing her hands, innocently shoving behind her sound, sho robb wine, perebuvayuchi more than unroofing, and sweat you threateningly. . Nareshti vіn pіdіyshov to Count Palen, with a gloomy mіnoy whispered yoma in the ear a sprinkling of words and then pіshov supper. All the little ones followed him, stunned with fear. (...) The empress began to cry, and all the family was deeply embarrassed. One of the ladies-in-waiting whispers in the ear of Dibіch, it seems to me that the young lady was talking about the possible ways to power the prince by flowing out of the palace and stealing yoga from the prepared porch.

The idea of an uninterrupted turn

According to the reconstruction of Eidelman:

“We need to relocate the guards regiments: don’t overwhelm the zmovoy film guards, izmailivtsiv, but hang forward the transfigurators (Talizin), Semenivtsiv (Depreradovich). At the skin guards regiment of the mother, there are even a few officers, for whom you can save: one of them is guilty of children in the police, attaching a possible counterattack; інші - go to the palace or to the palace (sounds, before the speech, rozbіy at the vіdomosti about the number of zmovniks)".
“The soldiers of the nobility are not guilty of anything, but until the end of the year, they beat the palaces of the guards, like equal parts, more in the fall, more and more officers-changers. Here we are in front of the 3rd and 4th battalions of the Preobrazhensky regiment, the 1st and 3rd battalions of the Semenivsky, about 30 officers-changers fall on the yak, tobto 7 - 8 per battalion.
A series of sharp officers and generals-soldiers from the step by step increase in the number of requests, there will not be a moment before the exit to voice about the rebellion against Paul in the widest possible number. (“Zvіdsi plan for a long evening, so we’ll get together later at Talizin’s apartment, closest to the palace”).
“The idea of two officer columns, as if they would see to the palace: one - on the front with Palen, and in the other - with Bennigsen”: one “officer group”, in the other - “shock”.
“Preparing a list of people who will occupy the most important posts and ask for Pavlov’s words; їх at the necessary moment you can arrest or isolate them. Senator Troshchinsky "was supposed to deliver an order to other senators to pick up, to arrest the emperor."

Prikmeti

Chronology 11 birch

Anna Lopukhina (Gagarina) - favorite of the emperor

Zmovniki penetrate the castle

If the Neva is gloomy
Zirka opivnochі vibliskuє
І non-turbo split
Peaceful sleep tight,
Wonder pensive spivak
In the wildly sleeping middle of the fog
Desert monument of a tyrant,
Forgetting throwing a palace -

2:00 Oleksandr and Kostyantin at the carriage leave the Mikhailovsky castle, spontaneity of drunken officers. Oleksandr kliche come to mother, but she will be taken away. Eidelman writes that the Empress Dowager, as if she wanted to seize power, thrashed her finger until Bennigsen zoomed in and out. Just about the sixth year of the morning, it will be good to go to the Winter.

After the carding

The lie had seen the writings of D.P. Troshchinsky's manifesto, and it was known to him that Pavlo had died of an apoplectic stroke.

Russian reaction

The body of the beaten

Description of Kotzebue from the words of the life physician Griva:

There were a lot of traces of violence on the floor. A wide smuga on the broad side, a strong pidtik on the wing (in view of the blow ... of a pistol inflicted for an additional blow), a red flame on the bots, and even wounds to the hospitality of the znaryaddy, two red scars on both quilts; on the knees and far away they were signifi- cant ushkodzhennya, as if to prove that Yogo was embarrassed by the situation, so that it would be easier to strangle him. In addition, all the bodies flared up with small patches; stink, imovirno, to resemble the blows, the leaders already after death.

If the emperor is lying by the arm, his thorny droplet is stuck on his forehead so that it is possible to grab it, it’s possible, the left eye and close the shield. N. I. Greek write, as if going to say goodbye to the body: “You will see you at the door, they told you to go further: be gentle, go through. I walked around the Mikhailovsky Castle for ten times without a hitch and for a moment batted only the soles of the emperor’s boots and the field of a wide droplet stuck on his forehead.

Pohovannya

Gravestone of Paul I and Mary Fedorivna at the Peter and Paul Cathedral

Bits and pieces of censorship

Mayor Pavla

Lasts

In culture

A. S. Pushkin. Ode "Vilnist".
S. Bobrov. "Nich birch 1801"
Є. V. Polyanska. Michael's Castle: Dramatic scenes.

Literature

E. S. Shumigorsky.
A. G. Brikner. Death of Paul I, Stuttgart, 1897
N. Eidelman. Edge of the Vikiv.
The hour of Paul is that yoga death. Notes of the participants and participants on the 11th of March 1801 / Order. G. Balitsky. 2 - Part 1, 2 - M.: Russian Buval, Osvita, 1908. - 315 p.
Kingship on the 11th of Birch, 1801. Notes of participants and participants. - View. 2nd. - St. Petersburg: A.S. Suvorin, 1908. - 458 p.
Kingship on the 11th of Birch, 1801. Notes of participants and participants. M., 1990. (Reprint seen in 1907)

Cinema

S. Solovyov. Assa, 1987
I. V. Khotinenko. Golden century, 2003
Vitaly Melnikov.

Pavlo Petrovich Romanov, as Emperor Paul I, ascended the throne in 1796 after the death of his mother, Catherine the Great. The new emperor, like Ukraine, was negatively placed and before the mother, and before the її otochennya, bachiv his method to create such a sovereign perebudova, as if he didn’t deprive him of the future era. The overarching methods of Paul I, the reprisals, which were used to inspire the most important state officials, including members of the imperial family, led to the fact that the camp of the emperor himself became cunning.

Vіn zumіv nalashtuvati against yourself mayzhe the whole Russian elite, including the officers of the guard, as if they were the destructive force of all the palace coups of the XVIII century.

In the summer of 1799, a group of dignitaries began to form, who blamed the plans for the adoption of the emperor in power and the enthronement of the elder son Paul, Oleksandra.

On choli zmovi stood up Vice Chancellor Mikita Panin, Governor-General of St. Petersburg Petro Palen, the remaining favorite of Catherine the Great Platon Zubov at once brothers Mykola and Valerian. A large number of osibs, radiant to a serpent, on the cob of birch in 1801 became from 180 to 300 people.

Portrait of Mrs. Mikiti Petrovich. Artist Jean Luis Veil. Dzherelo: Public Domain

Oleksandr give "good"

Behind some kind of information, the builders planned to move to the so-called “birch idives”, if it was beaten Roman dictator Julius Caesar. However, the plans were coordinated through those that information about the preparation of the train became known to Paul I.

On the 9th of March the emperor called out Palen to himself and asked him what he knew about the call. The governor-general of St. Petersburg vіdpovіv, scho he himself goes to the new, getting ready to arrest the officials in the mischief. Palen was far away to calm the emperor, taking off the actual hour of the implementation of the plan.

Pavlo, suspecting those closest to him, having punished the tribe under house arrest at the Mikhailovsky Castle, the military squad, as well as the senior blues, Oleksandraі Kostyantina.

Immediately following the appointment of the emperor, Palen met with Oleksandr and confirmed that Pavlo had signed a decree on giving members of the imperial title to the court. The head of the zmovniks ask the clergy to the throne to give “good” to the vision of the viconess. After some kind of vaganny, Oleksandr will wait a little longer, attacking the fact that the father cannot suffer. Palen sings that no one is planning a physical action on Paul I.

Remaining oath

11 (23 days for new style), 4:00. The emperor (like a leader) is thrown early. After the ranking toilet, the order of the sovereigns is right.

5:00 - 9:00. Pavlo I works at his office. Palen to rob the traditional dopov_d to the emperor from international rights.

9:00. The emperor at once from the throne of the fall to the throne is violating "look around the viysk."

10.00. Pavlo is present on the parade ground. At this hour, Palen, after the addition of the palace, picks up officers of the guard from his apartment, demonstrating to him especially the dissatisfaction of the sovereign with their service and the threat of all zaslat. Those who have chosen, "were bred with sumptuous persons and with the sum of the heart."

11.00. Emperor to go upstairs together with his lover valet Ivan Kutaisov.

13.00. Pavlo I offended at the Mikhailovsky Castle with his proximity. At that very hour, Palen rose the request for a supper. On the way, I ask for less than those, who are educated to the sound.

15:00 - 17:00. The emperor to swear in the members of this family, for the sake of a minor, "do not enter into any kind of connection with the members of the family." After the oath of Paul I, he changes his mind and allows Oleksandr and Kostyantin to dine with her.

"Why don't you stop it"

21:00. The emperor is having a supper at the Michael's castle. Oleksandr and Kostyantin from the squads were requested for the evening, Grand Duke Maria Pavlivna; squad of the head zmovnik of the state lady Pahlen that її daughter, maid of honor Palen, Chamber-maid of honor Protasov, maid of honor Kutuzova 2-a, Dame Renne,State Dame Countess Leven; Kutuzov, Stroganov, Narishkin, Chief Chamberlain Count Sheremetev, ringmaster Mukhanov, Senator Prince Yusupov.

21:30. The supper is over. Before leaving, Pavlo meets with Mikhail Kutuzov. Marveling at himself at the mirror, the monarch respects: “Marvel at how funny the mirror is; I’m pumping myself into a new shy nabik. ” Walking up to himself, the emperor throws: "Why bother, don't miss it."

22:00. Obid by Platon Zubov. The solicitors of the rebels discuss the plan.

22:15. Pavlo I sends pages with sheets and commemorates the deeds of fasting at the Mikhailovsky Castle. After him, you make the sound doors. Yakiy having changed at the same time at the door post Wartovy Agapeєev later, let me know that the emperor was praying for the icon at the front.

22:30. Leib-medic Grivi give the emperor a lemon-mint tincture.

Michael's Castle. Watch parade for Emperor Paul I. Dzherelo: Public Domain

“To eat the egg - you need to break the eggs on the cob”

22:00 - 22:30. Raising the 3rd battalion of the Semenivsky regiment, as a way to see the fall to the throne Oleksandr, straight to the Mikhailovsky castle, to replace the Preobrazhensky battalion, having occupied the varti in the castle. Tsya zmina vіdbuvaєtsya under the drive, scho another day, 12 birch, Pavlo I's Preobrazhensky regiment marvels early. Semenіvtsi occupy the posts in the castle, the inner ward of the castle, which is located near the hall, called the sump, the bedroom of Paul I.

22:00 - 23:00. Supper at Palen. Є as kerіvniki zmovi, і ryadovі participants from the number of guards officers. At the evening take the fate of 40-60 people, most of them stay at the camp of alcoholic sp'yaninnya. Platon Zubov reminds ordinary participants in the coup about those that the emperor will fall down on the coming night. At the same time, I point out to those that Oleksandr gave a sanction to him, and Catherine the Great wanted to hand over the throne to the onuk. Among the zmovniks, inconsistency is manifested, if there are about those who work with Paul after the adoption of power. I respect Palen: “I’ll tell you, gentlemen, to eat an egg - you need to break an egg on the cob.” In front of you, it was written to lay down the thrown-off emperor to Shlіsselburg.

Portrait of Pyotr Oleksiyovich Palen. Nevidomy artist. Dzherelo: Public Domain

22:30 - 23:30. Pavlo I spend the year in a room with his favorites of Hanni Gagarin, going down to it along the taєmnih gatherings. After that, you turn to your bedroom.

"We have gone too far"

23:10 - 23:20. Otrimavshi signal about the collapse of the regiments, Palen proponu є to the officers to divide into two groups. Palen himself is very enchanting, to a friend - Plato Zubov and Commander of the Izyum Light Horse Regiment Leonty Bennigsen. Offensive groups hang up to the Michael's castle. Zubov-Bennigsen's column going through Sadova to the Rizdvyany gates of the Michael's castle. Insha, at the top of Palen, through Nevsky Prospekt, that head entrance under the Resurrection Gate.

12 (24 days for new style), 0:00. Zmovniki penetrate the Mikhailovsky castle. Vartov at a few posts raise an alarm, prote high-ranking officers from the help of the participants in the movement calm them down.

0:15 - 0:30. The guards come to the emperor's quarters. Platon Zubov b'є vartovoj Agapєєva shable on politsi. Let's just neutralize ourselves hussar Kiriliv, having drawn behind the first doors of the imperial chambers I Agapeyev, and Kiriliv with the permission to be left alive.

0:30. The group of Zubov-Bennigsen rests at the chambers of Paul I. The emperor's lackeys raise a noise that causes Platon Zubov to panic at the camp. Vіn try to try to leave the palace, Prote Yogo Zupinyaє Bennіgsen: Yak? You yourself brought us here and now you want to go out? It’s impossible, we’ve gone too far, to hear yours, for the sake of it, to lead us to death. The foal is thrown, the child needs to be born. Forward".

Driving in with a special zhorstokistyu

0:30 - 0:45. Zmovniki enter the emperor's bedroom. Pavlo, feeling the noise, hovering behind the stone screen. Platon Zubov, not having seen the monarch, it is ruined to say in French: "The bird has flown away." Bennigsen, who saves the cold-bloodedness, went to bed, shaking his hand and saying: "The nest is warm - the bird is not far away." For the whilina, the zmovniki reveal Paul.

Beating of Emperor Paul I, engraving from a French historical book, 1880s.