Tvіr ““The first one I laughed at in the comedy Russian warehouse about Felicity’s garlic” (for the work of G. R. Derzhavin) (2). "Sweet warehouse": what and how Funny Russian warehouse
the courtyard did not have a friendly soul. (2) To indulge no one, that Siroizh-kin vyrivishiv go to the next bakery: maybe, someone to the chives, or to treat the cicava. (Z) The earring is quite crochet under the thin lindens. (4) On the other hand, you can think about what it is like to be turbulent and confused about your thoughts. (5) What are your thoughts? (6) So, gra: I want everything to be more beautiful, more important. (7) From a tree planted, yesterday there weren’t any yet. (B) Thin, familiar sticks, and without a leaf. (9) Ale nothing! (Y) Soon the stench will gain strength, make noise in the wind... (11) And the axis of the bulldozers turned a lot of land: they are making a Maidan. (12) They didn’t clean up the shaft, here it’s handy to hovat. (13) And then, singsongly, plant bushes, supply sports equipment ... (14) Below, behind the river, you can see the bowl of the stadium. (15) An earring marvel at her, but not a stadium, but the official walls of the Roman Colosseum. (16) At the same time, not a middle school student, vin is a double gladiator. (17) On the new one, do not put on trousers and a jacket, but forged shawls. (18) Vіn is guilty of congregating with tigers and lions and slaying them with your sword, so that you will be left alive ... (19) No, let the stadium not be the Colosseum, but a synchrophasotron! (20) So, so, such a wine and є, a synchrophasotron, is round, like a circus, a bulk, in the middle of which the parts are worn, to form an atomic nucleus. (21) I at once Serozhka is not just a student - a wine physicist! 22 (24) The walls of the Kremlin are dark, and they are guarded on a high birch by the archer Siroozhkin. (25) The axis is approaching a tall old man with a stick. (26) That is Ivan the Terrible himself! (27) What kind of order will you give to your warrior? (28) Grizny zupinivsya and calmly asked: - (29) Tell me, friend, how to get to the Million Dribnits store? - (ZO) I-I don’t know, - Seryozhko’s probelcots were ruined. - (31) Why am I! .. (32) I know! (ЗЗ) Backward straight forward, potim levoruch. - (34) Thank you, - having said, without a jolt, the old one. (35) I pishov. (Zb) Fair enough. (37) Calm down. (38) I already know not like Ivan the Terrible. (39) A Skoda. write tvir mirkuvannya as you understand "A Skoda"
Job axis:
How do you understand the saying: "Back the eye, that tooth is numb", "Expensive, so cute, cheap, so rotten", "Split the skin of an unkilled bear", you won’t taste it”, “The little thing is a little chervinchik, but the price is high”? Come up with a small rhyme for one of these adjectives.
ADD!
tochtsі, on which death caught them, but continuing to develop in the wake of the suspenst. Who are you with them? What help the stench to comprehend the significance of the poet's creativity for the development of Russian literature?
a professor? Why did the patients, yak, read the newspaper "Pravda" before the insult, drank by the vase? Why does Pilip Pilipovich establish a causal link between the chorus of the house and the freezing of pipes at the “outhouse”? Confirm your thought with the words of the text. Why should Professor Preobrazhensky get out of the situation? What are you good for with yoga thought? Why, in the opinion of Dr. Bormenthal, Pilip Pilipovich "gets it right"?
rozpovid yushka questions_Why was the main character called that? Chi mav raciyu yushka, saying, scho yogo people to love? How do you understand the words of Yushka: "you can butilove me!”, “The people don’t understand me to love. The heart in people becomes blind "- and the words of the author:" vіriv sho children love yogo, sho vіn is consumed by їm, only stench can not love a person and not know what to work for a kohannya, and to torment him yogo "? people "tormented" YUSHKA?
Tvir
The ignorance of the true essence and the novelty of Derzhavin's poetry made the majority of the public feel that the poet had to formulate the programmatic originality of his odes himself. In 1795, the roci, inheriting the butt of Horatius, wrote the verse "Monument", in which you thus declare your right to immortality:
Everyone remembers that among the peoples of the indefensible,
Yak from the unknown, I became a team,
What was the first thing I smiled at in a funny Russian warehouse
About the garlic Felitsy vigolosity,
At the heart of simplicity, talk about God
I tell the truth to the kings out of a laugh.
The main feature of the aesthetic poetry of Derzhavin was breadth. If you praise the empress, you won’t be flattering, but writing the Truth, believing that it’s honest, that they are attributed, effectively, they were powerful. At the vіrshah vіn it is more accurate to show their poetic principles. "Monument" is the most important aesthetic document for the sensei. Spiraling on tradition, he sings, revealing the essence of his artistic innovation, as if it were not enough to secure "immortality".
Let's try to understand historically the sense of the State's slavs-appointments, as if guaranteeing immortality. “I was the first to laugh in a funny Russian warehouse ...” Why is Derzhavin “arrogant”? At the entrance to the famous "rules" of classicism. Rules vimagali, schob sings “vіshchav”, having spoken at the sight of eternal truths and abstract honesty, like “packages” to the imperial rank and hung out like a warehouse for one. Derzhavin, having created a “comedy Russian warehouse”, having helped him to reveal his specialty to everything that he wrote wines. Zhart showed an individual mindset, a manner of speaking and looking at the world, the poets of power to the same poet, his special position before Katerina II - people, with characteristic sounds for the new one, right, turbots.
The simplicity of the lexical range is high, iambic is more likely to inspire calm, singing, distant from the mundane mundane thoughts.
In the 1780s-1790s, Russian literature was interested in national history and folk art, in bilines and fairy tales.
Lovshin at "Russian Cossacks" (1780-1783) retells Russian bilini, and Bogdanovich introduces characters from Russian folk tales at his poem "Darling" (1783). Interest in folk poetry is greeted after the release of “Words about the death of Igor”, as if taken as a verse of the Russian heroic epic.
On the Russian poetry of quiet rokiv give a strong influx and Western European literature of the hour. The landscape lyrics of Thomson and Gray, Jung's "Night Thoughts", sing Ossian, the Germans and Scandinavian myths occupy a place in the literature of the era in the same row with the mythology of the Greeks and Romans, with the ancient Olympus.
In the spirit of living strangeness, everything is new, Derzhavin, whoever you didn’t shift - Horatia or Anacreon, whoever you didn’t follow - Jung or Ossian, always writing about your own and in your own way, forge your own thoughts and feelings. We are not to blame for the beneficence of Derzhavin's words about those who have "special paths", having entered the rock in 1779, having acquired knowledge from the "inherited Horatia". Derzhavin's pride is only one of the forms of this poetic self-determination. Derzhavin was supposed to be a great poetic individuality, so that he would be afraid to waste his independence in a dotik with other poetic worlds.
Derzhavin was the first of the Russian poets, who was drawn to the work of Horace. The great Roman poet, the match of gloom, the strong joys and the dozville, the vikrivach of the mischief and rozkosh, were translated, "bent", sticking to the Russian vdachas, rich Russian poets, starting from Kantemir and Trediakovsky.
Russian poetry of the 18th century had a strong interest in the work of the ancient Roman poet Quint Horace Flaccus (65-8 pp. BC. E ..). Latin language and Latin literature were an obligatory element in today's enlightenment, and for those who did not know Latin, knowing insufficiently good, they used numerical German and French translations.
At that hour, if Derzhavin was appointed as singing, then until the end of the 1770s, the Russians were already miraculously translating odes, the message of that satyr Horace, slain by Lomonosov, Trediakovsky, Barkov, Popovsky. Ale and the translations did not bring anything completely new to the development of Russian poetry.
The creativity of Derzhavin and її friends-poets, especially V.V. Kapnist, interest in Horatia is gaining a special sensation. Horace becomes a teacher of life, in yoga poetry Derzhavin whispers ideas and sensibilities that are in tune with his own moods, and his own life.
The lyric of Horatia of Russian poets grew rich. Vershi Horatia zavzhdi sing to the singing addressee, the lyrical theme develops in them like a monologue in the name of the author's "I", with which he sings most of all his prayers to Abo, please. Such a lyrical-didactic form with the greatest diversity and diversity allowed Horace to expound his life philosophy, as it reached the global European cultural tradition like “Horacean wisdom”. The ideal of non-turbo corystuvannya takes away from Horace its own classic style. At the hour of the hour, at the change of fate, in the zav'yanі kvіtіv and sluggishness of the human lot, he sings to tell fortunes about the shortness of life ... Piri, wine, love - tsimi in the quiet as much as not a trace of badness, but the basis of a blissful life in a non-turbulent spirit, that to preserve the world's well-being and firmness in a twisted camp, - the axis of Horatius was firm. Zhaga riches and pragnennya to honors, however, marne ... At the "golden mean", the short-lived bazhan - dzherelo happiness, and Horatii willingly draws his quiet life in the Sabinsky mother.
For pochatkovy horatian tales of Derzhavin, it is characteristic to use lyrical-philosophical mirkuvans - about the need to stream passions and not to care for the loan - and maliciously satirical tensions on the deacons of decorating the hourly life of the poet, yogos. So, for example, the line “On the Darkness” (1792) starts from the mirror about the right path to prosperity, then for happiness:
We will be prosperous
I don’t care about pragnennya hvili,
No whirlwind, fearfully, not primusimo
Near the coast of trimati our choven.
Enviable to that lesser camp,
Who goes to the middle stitches,
No blessings for dreams.
They didn’t choke on the dark hair;
Die at the hut, damn it,
Rivny at calm and trivozi.Brothers do not want millions.
Chi do not look at the fat steel;
Do not pay any bows
І do not polish anything itself;
Do not get into the soul until the other friend,
Do not catch the sacraments and do not flatter;
Ready for work and for service,
І the scabies are only shaking.
I want to pester the king of yoga,
Do not lift the nose uphill.
From these two stanzas, the first one is close to the text on the cob of one of Horace, but the other is absolutely independent and there is nothing in the way of Horatian in it, as there is nothing in the coming stanzas, it is clearly about modern, moreover, malicious under 19 revolution, which is the fourth river. The one who is “satisfied with the “middle stitch” is satisfied with the ideal of peace, according to Derzhavin:
I will calm my neighbor,
Vshanova god, faith and kings;
Kingdoms of metaphysics not being,
Laugh, for nothing on mihuriv,
Flying fleet to the sky with vantage,
I don’t care about being a Frenchman.
In his last “Explanations”, Derzhavin wrote from the drive of visionary verses, that here “they are hot, that the philosophers of that hour ... revealing zeal and freedom, like mikhuri hanging in their thoughts, dreaming of flying into the earthly bliss of mother earth.”
The first stepping rows of the verse of spovneniye of tensions on the courts of the blue and blue of Derzhavin. There is no longer any similarity with Horatians, the daily pressures that force on the new.
The references and the "right" spіv z Horatієm are written by Derzhavіn later, if from the yogo lyrical-philosophical vіrshiv zovsіm znikayut satiric-political tensions that imitation.
Virsh "To divination" (1798) є even closer, lower "To fading", translated by Horace's ode.
At the text of his verse, Derzhavin did not leave anything wicked, nothing that would have been tied up with the court, with international waters of quiet rocks ... And with all the wines, he had thrown everything that was worthy of Roman life. There is no way to Levkone, no Jupiter and the Tyrrhenian Sea, no “wine processing”. Irrespective, however, for those who, in the state’s era, can’t think of the evil of the day and the political life of Russia, everything has been adopted by the spirit of another, more non-Roman life, which has been given a Russian flavor by its very style, selection of words and turnover:
So! Hour evil svidkoplinny
To fly at the same time as we say;
Pinch a cheerful heart
Three quiet Trojans, marveling at me;
Show off your good day,
Drink the cup of joy now
Do not flatter mountains of gold
І future day not vir.
And in the verse of “Kapnist” (1797), which is also included among the “Horatian” verses of Derzhavin, the main idea, which so often and variegatedly developed in yoga translations following Horatia’s succession, is expressed with the most completeness:
Happy to the one who has a steel,
Hotch is not luxurious, but awesome,
Batkiv bread and strength
Placed, and dream reception
If not selected from anyone
We will not fear, nor will we come to treason:
Whoever is small can be satisfied,
Richer than Croesus himself.So why have a short life
Throw us there, here, here,
In other lands from vicinities
Jump in the nudg or dashing,
And to warm up with someone else's sun?
In the presence of the pope,
From your fatherland, who cares, -
To yourself to live.Turboti ours and bidi
Scream follow us
On ships through the wind, ice,
I kіnnoti for torks.
The poetry of satisfaction with life at home, the posture of turbots and the troubles of history, the poetry of independence and calmness, learned from Derzhavin, living by Belinsky, “we become the principle”, the pathos of the Russian noble butu, previously poetized by the Derzhavin, took away the rose from the distant from Russian prose, from the novels of Turgenev to the confession of Bunin. To whom, perhaps, the historical significance of Derzhavin’s “middle stitch” is inevitable. In the case of whom, it is necessary to guard, like the deacons of sovereignty, the images are repeated at times in Pushkin - and in the case of whom they change their sense.
Derzhavin's verse "Praise of a strong life" (1798) says:
Gorschik hot, good cabbage soup,
Smoked okist with dim;
Planting with my own,
In the midst of which I myself am a pan,
And here is a savory insult to me!
Everything is over the top for the pre-Derzhavin poetry, “vagomo and visibly”; tse all apply the real pobutu of the real noble sadibi - and in tsomu one of the artistic words of Derzhavin was supposed, which amiably introduced “low”, as they respected richly someone and at this hour, pobuted at the high poetry of philosophical thoughts, at the world of beauty.
With these verses from “Praise the rural life” in a direct rank, it was shown in the house in “Road Onegin”, where there is a polemical discussion about Pushkin’s speech in the light of themes and images of the romantic period and the transition to other topics, to the other reasoning trip:
Other pictures I need:
I love eating slopes,
In front of the hut are two gorobini,
Hvirtka, evil parkan,
There are lilac glooms in the sky,
Buy straw before the threshing floor
That rates under the cover and in the thick,
Rozdoll jock of the young;
Now sweet me balalaika
So p'yany stupid tripaka
Before the threshold of the tavern.
My ideal now is the master,
My bazhannya is calm,
The same mountaineer, the great one himself.
Here Pushkin maintains his own understanding of the beautiful and his perversion of the boundless possibilities of realism and art.
Pushkin's wealth is small - at once the poet's great rights are affirmed and the poetry is depicted in all spheres of life, be it a little bit in the truth of art.
One of the most important "Horatian" works of Derzhavin was "Ode on the Death of Prince Meshchersky". Vaughn є I'm using the butt of victorious artistic images, as well as inserts, okremikh viraziv Horace.
The poetry of domestic joys and the peaceful family way of life of the Russian pan of the middle hand is blamed on the creativity of Derzhavin on the basis of the traditional Russian horatianism, with a special interest in “smiling at our sounds” another epod Horace.
The cob of the tradition of tradition Trediakovsky, at the verse “Strophies of laudation to the peasant life” (1752), which in a primal Russification of the environment and the social zabarvlennya of the Latin pershogerel. Winter appeared at the new one with snow, and khati, and dog watering for a wolf and a bear, and “barn”, and “threshing floor”, and “svetlitsa”, and, nareshti, zovsim is not a Roman insult.
Sitni tіlki schі, sack of soft bread,
Young lamb inodі;
All the same, in the booth, why all yoga is needed,
On holy beer p'є, and kvass zavzhd.
Derzhavin went back to another epod Horace in 1798, and also “recognized” his transformation “with Russian sounds and sounds.” In the style of his verse, Derzhavin is even close to Trediakovsky, and sometimes he creates his lines:
Derzhavin's "Praise of a rural life" to revenge even more examples of Russian pobutu, lower verse of Trediakovsky. Let’s look at the appointed ones, here є and “power of will”, and molasses was “refined”, and ram, “before Peter’s day, dishes”, and “pie, with loaders of warehouses”, and Horatia’s “likhvar” is transformed into a new “vіdkupnik”.
Not less, but, perhaps, even more important for the development of all Russian poetry of the 1780-1810s, lower Horatian abo Jung, mav "the old Scottish poet-bard Ossian." In 1765, the Scottish writer D. MacPherson published “Create Ossian, the son of Fingal”, translated by him from the “gelsky” (Scottish) English. At the front of the collection, written by the professor of the Edinburgh University Blair, Ossian was stunned by Homer of the pіvnіchny narodіv, the creator of the epic sings, like “Odyssey” and “Iliad” do not compromise. Indeed, there was no such thing as Ossian, and MacPherson himself was the author of his work.
Eat Ossian mali majestic global European success. Osian sentimental-melancholy poetry, elegiacly tell about the past, majestic and gloomy pictures of nature in Highland Scotland, “forward” for the literary epoch, - the mustache made Ossian one of the most powerful forerunners of spiritualism. I Derzhavіna could not help but impress in the poems of Osian noisy waterfalls, stony mountain streams, the sound of the surf, the wind that whistles in the steppe expanses, the fogs on the tops of the mountains, the moon, which marvels at the cold fog and the nightly gloom ...
In the ode “On the Capture of Izmail” (1790), Derzhavin took on the Russian wild tradition, adopted images of battles, decomposed by Lomonosov and Petrov, with images of Ossian’s poetry. From Ossian, having taken the wine “poohmur, terrible silence” on the cob of the assault, as if we were not to get involved with the cannonade of three hundred garmats; from Ossian came in Russian military and "bard" "old", "naughty", with whom the priest, who goes before the Russian soldiers, and the shadow of the war, and the "shield" with the "last month":
Already in Evksinі z pіvnochi
Between the waters and the stars the fog lies,
Under him, the dense hai is spitting;
Among them, yak gir ulamok lodyan
Chi cholovika peka tin siva
Sit, looking around:
Yak povniy msyats shield yogo...
Such a "silver man" himself appears at the "Waterfall" (1791) and makes a monologue there, which reflects the main idea of \u200b\u200bone; the landscape also takes on an osian color, conveying the nocturnal landscapes of Zhukovsky:
Wicked gloom coming
Quietly they ran through
Three of them, tremulous, blіda,
Marveling month.
The rich landscapes of the "Waterfall" are inspired by Derzhavin's "Songs of ancient bards":
The Osianivsky “masquerade” was played at the verses of Derzhavin, consecrated to the wars, and the marches of Suvorov. So, in the ode “On the Crossing of the Alpine Mountains” (1799), Derzhavin casts Ossian as his fan:
Ale what? is not the spirit of Ossian,
Spivaka fogs and seas,
I seem to be under the month of Moran,
Yak vin ishov against the king of kings?
In the other dress of the same hour (“On the Victory in Italy”, 1799) Derzhavin with a complete reconciliation with the legitimacy of his deeds and Ossian, and Scandinavian mythology, and fantastic retellings about Rurik. Vіtse bred odnієї zagalnoї prіvnіchnії (“osіanіchїї”) culture; tse yoma "Varyago-Russian insensitivity", i.e., the mythology of Pivnochi vzagali. For this reason, in the first stanza of the verse of the Osian "oaks" and "harps" they judge from the Valkiriya ("Valka"), about the Yaku in the explanations of the Derzhavin, the following information is given: voice in the shield. And they called the Rolls the Viysk Div chi Musi”:
A blow to the silver, the sacred,
Far away, Valko! shield,
That grim of yours, the moon of repetitions,
Make noise at the donkey bards.
Get up. - One hundred harps sound like strings,
In front of them a hundred oak trees are burning,
In the bowl of circular dawns
Sivі chola at the darkness shine.
Far away, a typical Osian warrior appears (in the third stanza, it is indicated by Rurik), which “has been covered with mist on the shoulders, on the shoulders.” Vіn “complete with partners, as if they do it well,” - rushes at the uvazі chalene “capture of Paris”, sent by the Vikings under the wire of Rurik.
The significance of Derzhavin's osianism in victorious motives in pivnіchnoy poetry, and in pragmatics to create his style. So, about spivakiv, how they glorify Rurik, Derzhavin speak in the "Osian" style:
wonder yak shine the battles Crisis dark hours yoga praise.
The exchange of battles is a foldable metaphor, but Derzhavin does not simply include the image of the "vіy vіrsh, vіn pov'yazuє tsі" exchange of battles "with a contrasting one behind the "dark hour". Dieslovo shine I take away at once and specifically and figuratively (shine ... exchange and shine ... praise), but all at once I create a manifestation about it even a long time ago, wild and first in my power, not familiar to Derzhavin’s sensible co-workers, but all the same such, de "you can feel it right". The very appearance of controversy in the light of the "Varangian-Russian", primary, ale strained in his wild greatness of poetry allows Derzhavin to win the imagery for the revival of the modern hero - Suvorov:
“Axis my, - it’s like vin, - voivoda!
Swinging at the fires, at the ices,
Boer chief pivnіchnogo people,
Nine Wave at the seasides,
Zirka, who crossed the world of stitches ... "
In the ode “On the Capture of Warsaw” (1794), the osian motives are combined with Russian bilinear style:
Set foot on the mountain - burn to crack,
Lie down on the water - drive to boil,
Hail hit, - hail falls,
Bashti with his hand throws in the dark.
In the 1790s, Derzhavin's widows needed to fill their poetic work, to signify their place among a number of Russian poets. One by one, we write verses, in which the topic occupies a lot of space: “To the Lyre” (1794), “My Bovvan” (1794), “The Nightingale” (1795), “Monument” (1795).
At the verse “My bovvan”, Derzhavin talks about the difference, see the posthumous glory and the ways of the future:
Easily evil light grimity zmusit,
Before Herostratus, it’s less than a crock;
Ale, it’s important to glorify valor
And bury yourself in your hearts...
I will affirm the glory of the great children of Russian history - Peter the Great, Pozharsky, Minin, Filaret, Dolgoruky, Derzhavin not to know such rights to posthumous glory:
Worthy! - Ale chi me right
Bazhati - buti with you in a row?
What is glory about me,
How do I lead a lifeless life?
Not vryatuvav in the sight of the death of the kingdom,
Tsars on the throne without calling,
I did not erase the patience of accessibility,
Bringing no wealth of mine
To the sacrifice, to the support of the throne,
I cannot defend the law in a moment.
And yet, having sorted out and resurrected everything that he did not have great guilt, having guessed all those small things that he had gone to work on his service posts, Derzhavin knows such a merit, as he can be true to his chest among the miraculous devils of Russia:
Ale, I’m right, and I can’t,
For what would an idol consecrate me,
I’ll put it on the day,
Knowing the troubles, I shanuvati,
What is the moment to depict Felitsa,
Heavenly goodness at tili.
That having slept, I grew up that queen,
What else we do not know
Not today, not far in the expanses of the world, -
Boast mine, brag about them, liro!
Otzhe, the right of Derzhavin to the chest, and wider - to immortality, to go deep and not ugly perekonannya, by this poetic rite of Katerini, having created guilt. In "Monument" (1795) it is expressed with even greater force:
What was the first thing I smiled at in a funny Russian warehouse
About the garlic Felitsy vigolosity,
At the heart of simplicity, talk about God
I tell the truth to kings out of a laugh.
“Virtues of the Felice” that “truth” was consecrated to the “kings” - so, in a borderline laconic form, Derzhavin hung up his position to his literary merit. He created the image of Felitsa Derzhavin, respecting the intuitions of his ideal manifestations about those who can be a king, a man on the throne. On the view of other Russian wild poets, Derzhavin at “Felitsa” put the sovereign activity of Catherine II at a direct fallow in the sight of її human yakos, “chesnotiv”, like wine writing at “Pam'yatnik”. The appearance of these “chesnotivs” transforms whether such a fiend is like a king, and the most important official is a slave of power addictions; from a servant of the sacrosanct greedy wine, he transforms into a low greedy person. About violating the laws of morality, they didn’t stink, writing Derzhavin at his verses, directing against tyrants and nobles, tsyu his position of “jealousy” to the suspіlnogo good vіn mav on vіzі, if writing about “truth”, “with a laugh”. tobto in hot-satirical odes - hung to him "kings".
Derzhavin bachiv the novelty of his suspenseful, and also, literary position in the so-called serious and funny (“comedy”), ideal and satirical, vminnya vvyagnut high thoughts (“truths”) in a comical form.
At the meeting of the presenters and naschadkivs, Derzhavin was overwhelmed with the speech of "Catherine's century", the hour of the greatest bliss, the rightful power of noble Russia of the XVIII century. Yogo pride of "Felice" was lawful and natural, as if manifested to yourself as a sing-herald of "truth". And yet, Derzhavin noticed a significant change in creativity due to the necessity of getting a bag. From the middle of the 1790s, the Derzhavin turned to those images of his verses in the other half of the 1770s, supplementing those other acts from them (“Plamide”, “Nini”, “Peni”, “Rozluka”) at the same time with new speeches in to his collection "Anakreontic Songs" (1804). Those who, if he looked at it as if it were just fun, become between two hundred years the remaining word of literature, the expression of ideas of a new hour. First, in the "Monument" (1795) Derzhavin wrote about the service of "truth" and about "felicity's honesty", about his philosophical and religious verse ("at the simplicity of the heart talk about God"), then at the verse "Swan" (1804 ), Derzhavin still defines the essence of his poetry. Derzhavin sings of humanity, sings of domestic joys and peaceful joys of private life:
The axis of that fly, scho, being a lyre,
Saying my heart
I, preaching the light of light,
Yourself all happiness cheerful.
Derzhavin continued to write the rest of his life, not missing the occasional spree, perhaps a significant step in the political life of Russia, but then it was poetically cold, the inner energy of the 1780s was relieved, it led to self-repetition.
Poetic reach from the mid-1790s rock Derzhavin reaches other genres. The place of the great setting up to the light, in which the law of reason and morality is born, the light of the poet's subject was divided into two, sharply separated spheres. The world of politics, the world of history, the world of the Russian urochist ode of Lomonosov, Petrov, Derzhavin, having been recreated at the yogo with the freedom and creativity in the light of private human interests, in the daily course of family life, in the intimate honors of that city.
The person was cremated as a hulk, and there is only one strength, as you can tie up the "history" that private life, the hromada society, that person with special interests, - that's beauty. The people of beauty bring peace and goodness into the lives of people and the gods themselves, retelling the ancient myth of Derzhavin:
...i Beauty
Vmit z hvil marine was born.
And looked away,
Immediately the storm tidy up and silence came...
The gods of the move marveled,
To the beauty of the company roared,
І zgіdno z tim zіznalis:
World and likes - kind of beauty.
(“Narodzhennya Krasi”, 1797)
Feel a little more beautiful, the building її take on - more aesthetically, like we would say today, - becomes the main approach for Derzhavin, with such wines now approaching people. Vіn perekonany, scho serving the sacral good є inherited a guilty aesthetic sense.
Derzhavin wrote at the top of his "Kohantsu mystekstv" (1791):
The gods turn their gaze
View of the unloving muses,
Fury youma invest
The heart has a callous rough relish,
Spragu gold that silver,
The enemy of the wines of the wild good
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Navpaki, marvel
The gods are in love with the muses;
Heart lower invest
І thinning of the lower relish;
Let's keep Yogo's soul generous,
A friend of the wines of goodness!
These thoughts became extremely important for Derzhavin himself in the 1790s. At the verse “To the Liri” (1794) I am reluctant to talk about the “sunny age” and the thirst for wealth, as love made it to the beautiful:
Ninі zaliznі povіki?
Harder chi silicon people?
I don't know you myself
It's light not to fill the thunder,
Alien beauty of goodwill.
I will valor alienate,
To gold, to srіbla it is less to prag,
Remember yourself less than one;
Tears don't bite,
Zoya hearts do not reach ...
The relocation of the poet's creative interests in the recesses of the state-political sphere to the sphere of private life called for genre changes in the country's poetry. Derzhavin writes now small for obsyago vіrshі.
The unity of the Lomonosov ody is the unity more thematic: the theme-understanding (light, joy, beauty) is chosen by the poet to pass through the whole ode on the cob to the end and on the strings of the design and logically true to the greatest, it would have been ill-conceived.
Derzhavin namagavsya nasledovat Lomonosiv thematic pobudova and for example the century. So, the ode “On the death of Prince Meshchersky” is creaked by the repetition of the word “death” in the skin stanza (which is also the main philosophical theme at once), or similar views, or close ones behind the zmist:
Vzhe teeth death screeching..
Forge kingdoms greedily death...
Acceptable from life death my,
For those die, we will be born.
I'm sorry everything death smash...
Doesn't show anymore mortal die
І buti vіn vіchnym tea;
To come death up to the new, like a tati,
I life raptovo vikradaє.
Too bad! de less fear to us,
There may death touch the swidshe...
Having flooded the shore of this life,
To the shore the dead pishov...
De steel bi strav, there is a string to stand;
Tombstones there wriggle clicks,
І blida death marvel at all...
Death, awe of nature and fear!
Tsey day, chi tomorrow die,
Perfiliev! we owe it to us,
Why are you tormented and scolded,
What mortal your friend is not alive forever?
The main image-concept odi (“death”) is replaced by a folding one with a contrasting rank - the concept of “eternity”:
Like shvidki water flow by the sea,
So u eternity the days of that rock are falling ...
Do not think more mortals die
Buy yourself a wine eternal tea...
Go away happily, you can,
You are all timchasov here and pardon:
I am at the door eternity standing.
And yet, in the ode “On the Death of Prince Meshchersky,” Derzhavin sang among himself the court stanzas of the repetition of one word, from which the “thoughts” begin and form. The stanza of shosta and soma appear among themselves to repeat the image of death, which is marvelous:
De benketiv lunali faces,
Tombstones there wriggle clicks,
I blinded death to marvel at all...marvel at everything- I for kings,
To whom in the power of this world;
marvel on food riches,
What is in gold and silver idols;
marvel for beauty and beauty,
marvel to the mind of apology,
marvel on the strength of vіdvazhnі -
І sharpen the blade.
In the same way, stanzas eight and nine are connected with each other:
Shoyno godini caught the leak,
Chaos flew into the abyss,
I whole, like a dream, pass your life.Yak dream, like licorice of the dream,
My youth has already dawned.
Such an interstrophic link rose the framework for the period between one stanza, created a superstrophic unity, increasing the volume of silent verbal masses, among which there was an odic budinok.
This way of syntactic union of two sentences became widely zastosovuvatisya Derzhavin. So, in the ode “To the access of the French storm and to the honor of Prince Pozharsky”, this reception was carried out through the creation:
Unfair roads
At the temple eternal glory not lead. (13)
Lead not to the temple- on the forehead
The stench of the evidence is not true... (14)
І istina povіk syaє;
She is the only warehouse
Usikh garlic grain. (21)
Corn that root is immortal
greatness, kindness crowned... (22)
However, in this way it was possible to combine only two state stanzas, and it was necessary for Derzhavin to join together great verbal groups, and to unite a sprinkling of stanzas for an additional anaphoric cob, which is repeated in three, four, and seven - in "Waterfall" sleep in stanzas. In the ode “For Happiness” (1789), an anaphoric cob underpins the one-hour series of podias of the European political life with them, which Catherine II is doing, the prudence and wisdom of such a Derzhavin praises, and looks at his European colleagues. The whole ode is written like a beast to God's happiness, to whom he sings to squirm in his bag of camp, and ironically draws a wild swindler and swindler. A single cob (“At those days ...”) each stanza of quarters - thirteen, so 90 rows, but the generalization is purely formal, not “change” sens. For Derzhavin, the one-hour approach is more important, for that wine is not just re-arranged (in the heat of the day) various political conflicts and the fate of 1789, but at the borders of one stanza, it will become more different for the character, changing the fact:
At those days of human enlightenment,
There are no kіkimorіv appearances.
Like you are the only miracle worker:
Girl and ladies magnizuesh,
From the stone you cook gold,
Spit in the eyes of patriotism,
Kataesh strimgolov the whole world;
Like the chewiness of your butts
The earth is all cavalry,
The first light became a brigadier.
About what can’t be found at this stanza! Here zagaduetsya zakhoplennya hypnosis, which in the XVIII century was called "creature magnetism", Masonic tricks of the philosopher's stone, for the help of which they turned it into gold; , Petersburg significance - and order from the bureaucratic-court right and tiles in a row - “in the eyes of patriotism plus”, the meaning of which is to go beyond the intermediary novelties and, obviously, it is necessary for us to be at the same time not familiar with the mind-bending international ideas of Russia.
Derzhavin makes the appearances less than shards of stink at once, and chi is not on the logic of the development of the song by those chi podnannya two topics, like robiv Lomonosov.
“For Happiness” is one of the quiet “hot” odes, among some Derzhavins, having allowed themselves greater freedom in the choice of facts and views, lower in “Felitsy” or “Decided” (1783), and in order to correct my freedom of tone, in the first publication an explanation was given: "... it is written in oil" (and in the manuscript it was, "if the author himself used to drink"). With this note, Derzhavin seemed to be “true” in front of the readers for stepping into the canonical type of a laudable ode, like a wine growing up with an ode “For Happiness”, transforming її, for the true appointment of G.A. Gukovsky, a bit like a political feuilleton at the top. The fact that Derzhavin’s “virtuality” is clearly evidence of the fact that the statement about the genre nature of one was even more accurate and that your steps, like wine robb, aesthetically looked at the aphrodisiac statement about the stand, the form of a laudable one. It is not surprising that at the same time Derzhavin writes a whole series of “serious” odes “The Image of Felicia” and “On the Capture of Ishmael” at the same time with the “hotty” ode “For Happiness” Derzhavin writes, in some, especially in the rest, close to the same manner of Lomonosiv.
In the great odes of Derzhavin, such as “Waterfall”, “Image of Felicia”, “On the capture of Іzmaїl”, “On the accessibility ...”, it can be clearly seen that Derzhavіn is in the Lomonosov idea of a high warehouse - “equal selection of words”, yak demonstrating this stylistic principle of Lomonosov Derzhavin.
The high culture of stylistic choice, created by Lomonosov and conquered by the poets of Russian classicism, began to break down in the main poetic genre - the ode to Petrov. Warehouse yogo od the overpopulation of these "old" Church Slavonic words, in the presence of such Lomonosov, he guarded strongly.
Derzhavin, having become boldly introduced into the ode words and turns of that style, calling Lomonosov “podlim” (i.e., low, sorry), - the words of that turn from the commonplace, until now only got used to the baize or the iro-comical poet. In Odyaz "On the Death of Prince Meshchersky" blind death at all marvel- later, impossible neither in Lomonosov, nor in the "most funny" poets of the 1770s.
“Murza”, in the name of which the whole week of “Felitsy” is conducted, the words of that sympathy are living, as if to qiєї, they have little access only to comic poetry, in such genres, like a tale or an iroі-comic poem:
And I, sleeping until noon,
I smoke tyutyun and kava drink.
That raptom, calm down attire,
I'm jumping to the edge of the captan.
I am walking under goydalkami;
I drink honey at the tavern...
Hanging a hat on the back,
I'm flying on a swedish runner...
Or, sitting at home, I'll show you
I play with the fools with the retinue;
Then I get on with her on the dovecote,
That's blind man's blind man's buff for an hour;
Then I have fun in a pile with her,
Then I joke around in her head ...
Derzhavin, which sounded at the great odes freely ordered by great verbal masses (Waterfall has more rows, lower than Pushkin’s Midny Vershnik), it was not easy to turn to small genres.
Characteristic already of their names - "Guest" (1795), "Friend" (1795) - as if by themselves introduce into another, albeit one sphere of life.
The line to "Friend" is made up of three eight-row stanzas. Skin stanza - one completed proposition. Periods do not stretch out for a sprinkling of stanzas, as it used to be in odes.
Pіdemo sіvodnі zapashny
We scoop it up again, my friend! by the garden,
De Vyazi light, dark pines
Stand in dense clumps;
What about dear friends,
From the girlfriends of their hearts
We sat down, we grew ourselves;
Ninі already has a shadow in them.Come on Dasha is stately, black-oka
І chubby, own
Waving a cholo, there was a stream,
And we are alive
We are Lisa, like marshmallows, purhannyam
A goat will dance at once,
І nectar from half-moon syai
Їhnya Rozheva lend a hand.Mi, sitting there by the silence of the trees,
For the health of all people:
I’ll start for a night to become charivna,
For my wide friends;
Let's sweat for the quiet, who is hard for us:
With some of us it’s acceptable buti;
Else, like a snake attached,
We are taught to live with care.
That small expanse of space, which has now become mother Derzhavin (and this number of verses “shortened” to sixteen, eight and wind a few rows), longing for another setting to a poetic word. More precisely, only now Derzhavin faced the problem of the word.
In the tight spaces of the small verse, the skin word, the skin sensuality, the skin new spіvvіdshennya slіv chi meaning, the skin form of the logical-syntactic zv'yazkіv nabula immeasurably more important, lower tse bulo z okremo take the word in odes, de the great verbal roses had the word nіbi in a splendid verse of a lyrical mood. Derzhavin better understand the difference between the “ode” and the “song”, according to some wines, in small lyrical genres: “The song is three-to-one straight ahead, and the ode is vibratingly seen to the neighborhood and side ideas. The song explains one kind of passion, and the ode is transferred to others. Song may warehouse is simple, thin, quiet, licorice, light, clean, and the ode is bold, rich, sweet, fluffy, blissful and not so refining... decorate with them. It feels like a song, but an ode to the heat ... Song at the skin couplet to avenge the last sensation and residual period; and in one, the thought often fly not only in the court, but at the onset of the stanza.
Vigadlivy, inverse order of words is remembered in small works beyond the world, lower in odes:
Come, my good old one,
Creator through twenty years of goodness!
(“Request for Obid”, 1795)
І All wih Malich for kіlkіstyu rkіv Vіrshah, Unzavazhuyui at the genome of Ntydpovіdnostі mіzh genre i with style, Power Zumіv Vombyti in his own Schilyannya in front of Krasiva in Mustesstva Ta in Zhivtі, Neddrobna Pokhilnya, who is young, that zhvavіstuya "Krasun", in his good-natured old age. Tsey pathos of ospіvuvannya lyubovі and beauty buv priynyaty vіd Derzhavіn kіlkom kolіnni poіtіv. Batyushkov and the young Pushkin with rich goiter and the love lyric of Derzhavin.
Notes
Torok - reminiscence behind the seat.
Evksin, Pont Evksinsky - Black sea.
Moran is the hero of Ossian.
Liki - choir of spivakiv.
1. How do the figures signify the special character of G. R. Derzhavin?
Features of G.R. Derzhavіna vynachali such a quality, like truthfulness, acknowledgment of their human dignity and honor, frankness, invariably podlashtovuvatysya under the bosses, pourati yogo primhams, weaknesses and whims. Yogo principles and ardent character often causing a waste plant, full of scandals with officials. And just before the hour of strangling the Pugachov rebels, the commander-in-chief threatened the strata of Derzhavin at once from Pugachov. Vikrivalny character is often a small verse of the poet, in some of them the yogo hromadyanska position was expressed, the perversion of the generality of whether it was power before people and God. He sings, judging whether a person is from a position of high morality and bulkiness, threatening the “strong light of that” with God’s judgment, as if the stench does not seem to fit the mighty people and orderliness. "The mind and heart of people were my genius," - having voiced the wine at the top of "Viznannya". He sings in no way shukav honors that city, valuing freedom the most, about which he said more than once in his creations:
Blessed, who is less likely to lie among people,
Vilniy vіd borgіv i vіd klopota penal,
Do not joke at the court of no gold, no honors,
I alien suє raznomanіtnykh!
("Evgeniyu, Zhittya Zvanske")
Having upholstered us in front of the hromadyansky poet, biasedly and boldly looked at all the significant signs of the Russian life of their hour. Ale Derzhavin did not become even on the choli of a crazy classicism, which could easily have become, as if the author of one-satire did not save his supple ideals, who sharply denounced him in the reactionary current of literature, disrespectful of the traditional politic conservatism. Derzhavin sings like a song to the other world, coming closer to the Russian enlightenment of the XVIII century, which created real-satirical literature, like preparing the ground for the realism of the XIX century.
2. Take quotes from Derzhavin's verses, as a way to give a statement about those yogo creativity.
1) The image of the illuminated and wise ruler:
It's not time for Volodya.
Lower is gold, not silver;
In order right dbaє,
To love is good;
Into food health
I glittering dribs,
Vin at the rank of prosecutors,
Usikh grandees, judges, kings
Shanue less people
I want to boot him myself ...
("Hour")
2) Philosophical theme: recognition of a person, sense її іsnuvannya:
And I am nothing before you.
Nothing! - Ale Ti in me syaesh
The majesty of your kindness,
I picture myself
Like the sun in a small drop of water...
I am part of the whole world...
I am the sound of the world, which is the essence,
I am the extreme rіven of speech;
I live in the middle
rice cob deity;
I'm burning the body with gunpowder,
I punish the thunders with a rozum,
I am a king - I am a slave, I am a worm - I am a god!
(Ode "God")
3) Satirical topic:
a) vikrittya of unrighteous volunteers:
Your obov'yazok є: protect the laws,
Do not marvel at the guise of the strong,
No help, no defense
Sirit and widow do not deprive.
Your ob'yazok: ryatuvati vіd bіd innocent,
Pokriv unhappy taxes;
From the strong to protect the powerless,
Vikinuti vidih kaydaniv.
(“To Volodar and Judges”)
b) vikrittya of human vadas:
Donkey get rid of donkey,
Hotch obsip yoga with stars;
De maє dіyati roza,
Vіn only caresses with voxels.
("Nobleman")
4) The theme of recognition of the poet that poetry:
Poetry is not divine,
Ale, the greatest gift of the gods - todi
Tsey gift of gods is less for honor
І to the povchannya їх ways
Buti is guilty of atrocities, not up to flattery
I long praise of people...
("Bachenya Murzi")
Everyone remembers that in the peoples of the indefensible, As if from incompetence, I became home to them,
What was the first thing I smiled at in the Russian gummed warehouse
With the simplicity of the heart to speak about God, I speak the truth to the kings with a smile.
("Monument")
3. Why does Derzhavin's creativity stand out, and why does it follow the canons of classicism?
Derzhavin, having spoken to the literature at the hour of the dawn of classicism, would have been deprived of the rightful "classic". It is showy that we are singing in the epigram one of the last epic sings - “Suvoroid” I. Zavalishina He himself wrote about A. V. Suvorov in his own words, trying to take a picture of the real image of the great commander. However, Derzhavin's links to Lomonosov's classicism were even greater. This was evident in the character of the greater part of Derzhavin's verses, and, more importantly, in the authoritative creativeness of the idealization of the spawning of heroes (Felitsa - Katherine II). And yet, at once, elements of real action penetrate into Derzhavin’s one, the heroes of them fill the rice of living people, the wild “spiv” is interrupted by satirical laughter.
Formally, Derzhavin follows the system of classicist genres unsatisfactorily, rozsuvaya її framework, demonstrating other possibilities of poetic thought. In the ode "Felitsa", dedicated to Catherine II, classicism is manifested in the created image of the queen, endowed with all sorts of garlic, in the wakefulness. Prote Derzhavin zoomed in on the urochist style of one, the kazkovian basis and the details of everyday life. It was created as an abstract image of the illuminated empress, and as an individual human character. Porushuvav suvori rules of classicism that mov, as written this ode. Derzhavin has a row of verses, which sound urochist and majestic, stand simply (“foolish krіz fingers bachish ...”) and wind up the rows of “low” style (“I don’t roam the pike soot”). In this case, a light and sonorous verse approaches a hot-roaring mov, as it resonates with the urochist-magnificent mov of Lomonosov.
The whole story, it would seem, was inconsequential: life’s realities (hag, crackers, straw) and the high style (army, slaughter, vigilance) - it was reproduced at the verse “Snigur”, written on the death of the great commander A. Suvorov, and rich in other works . Destroying the classical canons, Derzhavin creates a “live” poetic image, that “comedy Russian warehouse”, which allows the true lyrical “moving heart” to replace the suvori rules and norms. In poetry, Derzhavin became alive, concrete human specialty with various experiences, with subjective attitudes to people and appearances. The proximity of poetry to the interests of human specialty was also revealed by the one who, with heroic podias, occupied the place of everyday, everyday life with the creativity of Derzhavin.
Derzhavin sings like a song to the other world, coming closer to the Russian enlightenment of the XVIII century, which created real-satirical literature, like preparing the ground for the realism of the XIX century.
Vranci 28 chervnya 1762 r. in Russia, becoming a palace coup. Two young women arrived before the arrival of the officers-guards: the emperor's squad and her friend Princess Dashkova. In the future, the empress saw the Izmaylivsky barracks, the Semenivsky regiment, and the Kazan Cathedral was suffocated by the film guards and musketeers of the Preobrazhensky regiment.
Get out of Peter the Third! shouted the Transfigurations. - The Danish trip is not bad!
The young queen called out:
Know Prussian uniforms, wear Russian ones!
Transfigurations were in the grip: even Russian uniforms - tse
Uniforms, zaprovadzhenі Peter the First! I heard voices:
Hai live mother pani!
On the same day, the Senate had a manifesto and named the new Empress Katherine the Other.
On the same day, the 34th fate of the reign of Catherine the Other followed, shouting “Hurrah” and the musketeer Gavrilo Romanovich Derzhavin, then the officer, the Olonets and Tambov governor, the state secretary and the Minister of Justice of Russia.
Derzhavin sang out the riches of the lives of the empress. Vaughn was given to you, to the overwhelmed henchman of illumined absolutism, to the eye of reason and charm, kindness and justice. Vin buv is ready to write about her, serve her, protect her. To that, if the Selyanska war broke out under the wire of Pugachov, Derzhavin rushed to the interests of his sovereign from the power of power. In 1777 p. began his service in the Senate, de vin continuing with faith and truth to serve as the “illumined empress”, as a progressive reformer of Russia.
While still a musketeer of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Derzhavin wrote verses, without imposing a serious meaning. Either commendable songs are known to the girls, or brave couplets about the guards police. Some Derzhavin wrote alone, inheriting his poetic idol - the great Lomonosov. More often than not, the musketeer sings for those who did not instantly disappear within the framework of the “high calm”: “Those words don’t jump out, then soldiers’ words.”
The first ode of Derzhavin, indicative of the maturity of mastery, the depth of thought that seems to be, appeared like the seventieth years. One of them - "Felitsa" - was written in a simple-hearted and unimpressed manner, turned the respect of the poet's friends. In handwritten lists, the won has become a guide to the supposition that one reads. Good-for-nothing people deserved it, and the courtiers of hypocrites called out to be mad.
The name "Felitsa" sings in a positive tone from the funeral work of Catherine the Other "Tale about Tsarevich Chlor". With the help of a pen, the fantastic "Princess of the Kirghiz-Kaisatsky Ordi" turned into the ideal of the illumined ruler, mother of the people, like a vin hot bachiti in the person of the empress.
“Felitsia” was discussed at the Academy of Sciences.
That tse is just sedition!
And they are like me, - said Katerina Romanivna
Dashkova, an old friend of the empress, who became president
Academy.
The woman was illumined and well-read, she understood and appreciated the satirical directness of one.
No, just listen to what you write! - the princess whimpered:
And I, sleeping until noon,
I smoke tyutyun and kava p'yu;
Reworking on holy weekdays,
I circle my thoughts in chimeras...
In my opinion, there is a story about the most famous Prince Potiomkin.
That same yoga portrait, Vilithy!
Katerina Romanivna did not like Potomkin. Prote won small right. Already, for example, in his “Explanations”, Derzhavin recognized that both “ledar” and “burkota” were placed before the close queens of the nobles.
In 1783 p. the ode "Felitsa" was instructed in the journal "Spіvrozmovnik of lovers of the Russian word". The ode took away the "place of praise" and before Derzhavin the road of literary activity was opened. Katherine II became stupefied by the poet, who “having known me so briefly, what I can describe in such a pleasant way.”
In the image of Derzhavin, the queen stands in front of the reader like this:
Your Murzas are not inherited,
Often you go pishki
I zha simplest
Be at your table;
Don't value your peace
Read, write before tax...
In this stanza, the queen is described as a good-natured, practical person, who is irritated by her lazy, non-turbulent addicts, gluttony, nasolod are often observed.
For example, Katerina already has divine authority:
Tobі єdinoї less decent,
Royal! create light from darkness;
Dilyachi Chaos on the sphere of Strunko,
Union of the integrity of їх zmіtsnyuvati.
Tsikavo, that, having served for a few years as Katerina's special secretary, Derzhavin could not put together new laudatory verses. However, serving at all posts honestly, jealously, vіddano.
