Taking a smear for gonococcus Neisser algorithm. A smear for gonorrhea: diagnostic methods for adults and women. The results can be like this

Gonorrhea is an important infectious infection of the systemic system, which is transmitted by the path. It attacks the mucus membranes of the liver and internal organs, which provokes the appearance of a vision from the urethra, I will overthrow that liver when I see the vials. Analysis and diagnosis of gonorrhea help to reveal the ailment of the ailment - gonococcus of the genus Neisseria, and also to show sensitivity to various groups of antibiotics.

Main methods of diagnostics

Gonorrhea, or in the people "triper" - is a disease, the first to show that it is similar to other bacterial infections, so it is impossible to establish a residual diagnosis only on the basis of the patient's actual examination and present symptoms. Comprehensive diagnosis of gonorrhea is required, including bacteriological methods:

• bacterioscopy: taking a smear for gonorrhea and visualization under a microscope;
• cultural analysis: bacteriological analysis of microflora

Bacterioscopy

For carrying out this analysis for gonorrhea, it is necessary to take a view from the sechivnik (in men) or the cervical (in women) canal. Apply a smear on a sterile subject and fill it with chemical reagents, which allows the detection of bugs after a bagatorasis infection with a microscope.

A small amount of such a technique is the fact that it is not always possible to carry out it quickly. And gonokoki pose the human body to bend with a stretch of 15 strands, after which it is impossible to reveal them.

IMPORTANT! Mіzh smears taken and nadhodzhennyam їх to the laboratory may pass no more than a quarter of a year.

The sonic appearance of gonococcal microorganisms is characteristic, for example, a smear for gonorrhea in people or women, having shown their presence, the diagnosis can be confirmed. Today, it is similar to obstezhennia - the most popular and most affordable method of diagnosing gonorrhea, which can be built at any polyclinic.

Cultural heritage

Sometimes they blame super-evident situations: the clinical picture of the triper is daily, and the decoding of analyzes for gonorrhea shows that it is a daily routine. Such a result cannot be considered as confirmation of a healthy patient, it is only a drive for additional diagnostics.

Cultural conditioning is most often carried out simultaneously with microbiological analysis. In urology and gynecology, wines can also be called bacpos. Yogo zavdannya - place (place) mucus from state organs in a special life-giving medium, de microorganisms begin to actively multiply. The whole process for an average loan takes 5-7 days. If colonies of pathogens are formed, they grow for obvious signs and signify a microorganism that has created them.

IMPORTANT! Crimea of ​​gonococci, cultural diagnostics to help detect other pathogens: chlamydia, mycoplasma, Trichomonas, fungi, etc.

Bacterial culture is a high-precision laboratory analysis, which makes it easy to identify a pathogenic pathogen, and also to show sensitivity to antibiotics, tobto. understand that some groups of strong-smelling speeches are the most accommodating. This deciphering is a normative document that forms the basis of the residual diagnosis and the selected therapeutic method of treating ailments. Ale, no matter how high the reliability of the obstezhennia, I may not be able to sum it up - it’s a long time ago.

Blood follow-up

Krіm smears, if you take a urologist or a gynecologist, you may need a blood test for gonorrhea. The most popular clinical manipulation in suspected triperitis is the Lantzug polymerase reaction (PLR). Another technique is LCR - ligase Lanzug reaction. The task is to reveal the DNA structure of gonococci in the blood. The advantage is the fact that the stench can work even more quickly, and at the same time accuracy can be high. It is possible to carry out PLR at any clinic, LCR - only at specialized great diagnostic laboratories (for example, Invitro, Helix, Citylab). The minus is important for the variety of analyses.

IMPORTANT! As the disease may be chronic in nature, when diagnosing vicorist, use the Bordet-Gangu method: serological follow-up, which allows the identification of antibodies to a pathogenic microorganism.

If the development of gonorrhea is at an early stage, if the worker has not yet reached the phase of active growth, use the method of provocation of gonorrhea. For this state, the organs are treated with sribl nitrate, and smears are taken through the doba, moreover, the stench is to blame for three times with a difference of 24 years.

When obstezhennі on triper next to give also severe blood tests and sections. The doctor does not rely on their results when the alarm is revealed, but the decoding of the building will show the general picture of a healthy patient. Vivchivshi norms of SHOE and leukocytes, the doctor of understanding, like a shkoda, the infection of the body and the intensity of the igniting process led the way.

Features of the fence smears

Smears for gonorrhea in women and people - how do they smell? The algorithm of the technique is even simpler: when looking at the doctor with a special sterile instrument, conduct a scraping of the mucus from the organs of the body. Zvіdki fahivets brother smears? The representatives of both articles still have empty:

• sechivnik;
• oropharynx;
• Back passage;
• conjunctiva of the eye.

Also, a smear for gonorrhea in women can be taken from the pelvis and cervical canal. Because in girls, gonorrhea often manifests itself as symptoms of inflammation of the pelvic organs (colpitis, urethritis, cervicitis), and it is indicated that swabs were taken from three voids: pichv, urethra and cervix.

An important aspect of obstezhennia is taking swabs from children. A child can also be infected with gonorrhea from grown-up fathers by contact - through a path through the process of gently sloping from an infected mother. The triper attacks not only the organs of the baby, but the mouth, throat, eyes, rectum and intestines, and deep spleen. The obstezhennia is carried out in a similar way, showing caution when taking a smear from a girl: it is important that the host's cytoscutes do not harm the color.

How to take a smear

So that the results were accurate, important and correct preparation before taking a smear. The first rule is to perform all analyzes required on the cob for taking antibiotic preparations. It is important to have a home toilet of state organs - they should be significantly reduced, but without stagnation of antibacterial agents: they are antiseptic and can harm gonorrheal microorganisms.

IMPORTANT! Before passing the analysis, the remaining samples of the sich mihur may pass at least two years.

In humans, the laboratory assistant's robot uses a special probe, a tampon, inserted into the urethra. Because in case of triperie mayzhe, there is always a presence of rotten light, a deep introduction is not necessary. Carrying out such a parkan is not more painful, but it is uncomfortable to do it. For girls, the procedure is less unacceptable: a cotton swab is placed on the required organ for a few seconds, allowing it to seep through the vision.

Smear for vagity

Dosledzhennya for gonorrhea - one of the obov'yazkovyh analyziv, scho enter the medical examination when the girl is placed on the appearance of a vein. As it is negative, additional activities are not carried out. As if suspecting the presence of a health worker, a gynecologist-obstetrician should send the patient for additional follow-up: blood donation, bacterial culture.

Obov'yazkove komplekshennya obstezhennya chekaє on tih women, yakі go to the group risk for the presence of the tripper. Tse:

• women who suffered from gonorrhea until conception;
• if they suffer from other diseases: trichomoniasis, chlamydia, herpes virus, etc.;
• how to lead a lifeless state of life;
• may have close contact with gonococa-infected people.

Decryption of taken results

Skіlki rush to doslіdzhennya? The results of the smear should be ready for a few years, sometimes the term of the preparation of the loan takes 2-3 days.

Fahivets is engaged in deciphering laboratory data. At the letterhead, next to the column “gonococo”, there is a note: it was revealed or it was not revealed. So, depending on the type of pathogen, it is necessary to indicate the stage of this growth and that group of antibiotics, which microorganism can be sensitive.

The next stage is the choice of therapy. Treat gonorrhea slid obov'yazkovo, tk. This pathology belongs to socially unsafe groups of ailments. Therapy should be carried out with antibiotics at home, all drugs are taken independently, depending on the data of laboratory diagnostics and the patient's general life.

It is quite possible to choose triper as much as possible, so that you can reach all medical recommendations and, if necessary, approach the procedure of treatment. It is possible to escape the infection, so as to reach the purity of the state links, regularly undergo medical treatment, treat all the sickness every hour. It is impossible to analyze the presence of state infections without any cost today, but it is necessary to remember that your health is the price of good health and a long happy life.

Doctor sexopathologist-andrologist of the 1st category. Head of the Kherson center of the Ukrainian Association of Family Planning.

One of the most widespread pathologies that are transmitted through the state act is gonorrhea (triper). You can get sick with the help of traditional and anal sex, in the case of infection with oral route. Everyone is safe from illness: both men and women. For diagnostics, it is necessary to give a low number of analyses. Patients always complain of impersonal nutrition: how to look around, how to take biomaterial, how to get ready for obstezhennia, how to try a smear for gonorrhea.

Features of ailments

Zbudnik sickness is gonococci, which lie down to the genus Neisseria. Bacteria attack sechostatic paths, provoking the development of purulent ignition processes in various organs and tissues. The term ingested by the virus in the body of a person before the manifestation of the first signs of variation is no more than 3 - 7 days. There are two forms of progression of pathology: acute and chronic. The first type of sick person suffers from the following symptoms:

• partly call before the sechovipkannya;
• sickly, that liver for an hour of going to the toilet;
• the appearance of inanimate yellowish-white sightings from state organs;
• soreness in the throat area (due to the presence of illness in the throat);
• increase in body temperature

Changed symptoms appear 3-7 days after infection. The trivality of the progression of the disease becomes close to 3 - 4 days. After that, there will be joyfulness, and the transition of the illness to the chronic stage. In many patients with prolonged illness, the symptoms are daily. Most often, it is a female. Severe forms of pathology call for tedium and vomiting. The representatives of the excellent state with the progression of gonococcal infection show disruption of the menstrual cycle. In the case of people, the sickness is aggravated by the attacks of the nascents from the distant development of the disease.

Oduzhannya іnfіkovanoї lyudiny, can only be for the exact same diagnostics and professional exuberance. For the detection of the virus, a smear is taken, which is subject to laboratory results.

Illness on the tripper due to hourly pass the rejoicing, the shards of the high risk are more comfortable. It is not safe for the human body to become more complicated: incinerated sich mіkhur, wounded shkіri and musculoskeletal apparatus. In some cases, gonorrhea stimulates development without development.

Preparation before the procedure

Taking a smear is guilty of vikonuvatisya correctly, s dotrimannyam vstanovleniyah norms. Only here it is possible to establish an accurate diagnosis for the presence of an infection or to prostutovat pochatkovі pіdozri. In order for the smears to be as accurate as possible, they should be carefully prepared before the procedure. For whom it is necessary to follow a number of rules:

• A few days before the trip to the medical facility, where the analysis will be done, it is necessary to look into the sexual stature.
• For women 3 dobi before the procedure, it is not possible to use roses for douching, as well as gels used for intimate hygiene. P_dmivannya carried out pіdіrіtoyu water without any additives.
• 7 days prior to the delivery of the biomaterial, the zastosuvanya of all medicinal products is applied. As a matter of fact, it’s impossible to speak to the fakhivtsy for the sake of quiet chi іnshih zabіv.
• The evening before the smear test for gonorrhea, the intimate area should be cleaned with water. The vranci before going to fahіvtsya is not varto.
• With a stretch of ten years before the material is transferred to the fence, it is not possible to install a toilet room.

A bacteriological smear, which is taken from pihvi, is guilty of being carried out for a few days before the onset of menstruation, or for a few days before the completion of menstruation. Even if the sights were roaring, if it was recognized that there was an obstezhennia, then there was the next class in the clinic. The presence of third-party elements in the smear is unacceptable.

Features of the procedure

A smear for gonorrhea in men is taken more simply, lower in women. As purulent mucus is intensively seen from the urethra, probe filling is not practiced. The form of pathology is launched, leading to a decrease in the manifestation of symptoms. As a practi- cally daily, a tampon is inserted into the hole, approximately 3 cm into the depth. Lіkar is guilty of trimati yoga trohi for more than 10 seconds.

A smear for gonorrhea in women transfers the collection of cervical mucus, as well as a view from the cervix of the uterus, the walls of the pelvis and the sac. Most often, analysis is taken on the basis of a gynecologist's examination.

The technique of taking a smear for gonorrhea in women requires the introduction of a special device - a gynecological mirror. With this help, the walls of the uterine cervix are debilitated, and the cervix is ​​relieved. A lot of patients feel uncomfortable feeling through the penetration of a third-party object. As a rule, the procedure is not accompanied by sickness.

It would be easier for the doctors to take the material, it is necessary to calm down, relax as much as possible, and try not to collapse. Nasampered fahivets visually assesses the stature of the uterus and cervix. If necessary, the collection of the necessary materials is required. For which vicory, sterile cotton tampons are used. From them, the visions are transferred to the surface of the subject warehouse and destroyed to the laboratory for a report presentation.

This algorithm for taking a smear for gonorrhea is the norm for modern medical mortgages. This is how biological material is selected for research on Trichomonas.

The extraction of the removed material is carried out with the help of a straining microscope. Anteriorly, the eyes are filled with special reagents.

On the basis of the prepared results, the current patients are assigned additional follow-up: kiscospopia or cytological analysis. The procedure of the best is easily tolerated, without showing any difficulty. Seeing a smear for gonorrhea, they blame the bloody vision that they smear. In other cases, it is normal, so the body reacts to the penetration of gynecological instruments. Improvement of the day, everything will pass by itself. After collecting the material for a short period of time, women can feel discomfort and a slight dull pain in the lower abdomen.

Similar findings are important as a natural reaction to the introduction of medical professionals. Implantation of therapeutic approaches is not necessary for such a time. As a result of the procedure, strong pain is blamed, that it drags, brightens the crooked vision, chills, the temperature of the body rises, it is necessary to go to the doctor in order to clarify the causes of pathological changes and to live when you are adopted.

Methods of diagnostics

As if obstezhennya, zroblene likar, vyklkaє pіdozru schodo evidence of infection, analysis of gonorrhea vyvchaetsya dekilkoma ways.

Microscopy

Classical progression of pathology leads to a pronounced crowding of gonococci on the mucous membranes of the foxtail. The interpretation of the analysis is made up of upcoming indications:

• Revealed bacteria that mold the shape of a bean. The stench of the middle leukocytes is rotting, as well as two capsules at the warehouse. Neisser's gonococi show an invincible structure. The stinks lead to a chronic pathology overrun. When vikoristannі method farbuvannya for Gram, pathogenic microorganism nabuvayut erysipelas color.
• Determination of the number of leukocytes. The concentration of leukocytes in the mucous membrane is low - it is the norm. Gonorrhea, which is accompanied by a purulent infectious process, significantly increases the number of these blood cells.
• I swear to the slime that you see. Please change your mind about the progress of the ignition process. The function of cells in emergency situations is activated. As a result, the stench vibrates more mucus.

A smear on the flora in case of a protracted or non-standard overrun of ailment may not show the alarm in the virus due to its presence in the body. For accurate diagnosis, other types of analyzes are required.

Cultural heritage

The essence of the technique polagaє in bacteriological culture. For the choice of the material, the material is placed in a special living center. As in the new place, pathogenic bacteria, the stink of the whole colony is created without a hitch. The study of bacteriological culture is not important due to the exact method of diagnostics, shards show gonocococci in less than 95% of cases.

As a smear analysis showing the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, they show sensitivity to various groups of antibiotics. Tse allows you to designate the most effective zasіb for jubilation.

An important minus of cultural heritage is the tribal term, which is necessary to understand data. It takes an hour to carry out such an analysis with a long stretch, and it takes an hour to propagate the virus in the life-giving medium. Diagnosis can be based on the number of gonococci, which can fall on a single material selected from the patient.

Lie down to the most specific, and even more important ways to achieve. The DNA of the pathogens in the virus is subject to the reaction of multiple warfare. PLR to try to do it quickly, compared with the previous methods. In some cases, it is possible to eliminate a negative result for the presence of gonococci in the body. This is due to the increased concentration of leukocytes, which leads to the splitting of the DNA of the infection. The risk of avoiding an inaccurate result is attributed to the lack of technology for taking a smear, as well as to the trivial collection of the selected material.

Details about those, how to take a smear, tell the patients to tell the doctor. Vіn same vyznaє, kaki analіzi will be needed, and і aki methods of diagnostics will be optimal for that chi іnshgo vypadku. Laboratory examination of a smear on the face with gonorrhea does not reveal any difficulties.

Terms and features of deciphering analyzes

The term of carrying out the follow-up varies from 1 to 3 days. Fahіvtsі deciphering the analysis is easy to do, but it's too rich to lie due to the zavantazhennosti of the laboratory. Sometimes the result becomes known already on the coming day, but it’s so good that it’s better to get a check.

In a medical visnovka, it is indicated that gonococci are detected or not detected. The value of abs is to be confirmed by the fact that the virus has not been detected. After the cultural investigation is carried out, there is a document from the designated microorganism, which has become a sickness, as well as information about those, naskilki and in some quantities of wines, having expanded by the organism. The visnovka is resurrected by antibacterial preparations that are harmful for the revealed variant of the virus.

It is impossible to forget that someone who deciphers the results of analyzes and recognizes therapy may have the right to be less qualified as a specialist. The least changes lead to incorrect and ineffective therapy, which can lead to serious complications. Take it on your own, be prepared, and suvoro fenced.

Analyzes for women

A rich woman tsіkalyatsya, how to take a smear on gonococci during the period of winemaking for a child. If I know the options for re-checking, I will become healthy. Pochatkov's diagnostics includes a smear on the flora, which is taken from the cervix or the cervix. In the coming way є PLR. Offensive analyzes are the norm for vaginal infections, but in connection with their low accuracy, additional follow-up of smears in gonorrhea is carried out for additional bacteriological culture.

The active patients enter the group of people who are the fittest before being infected with the virus. To enter:

• women, infected up to vaginess;
• ailments, yakі suffer from the symptoms of other ailments that are transmitted through the article act;
• girls of age up to 25 years, to lead an active state of life;
• Women

In patients who enter the risk group, pathology is most often manifested, which leads to gonorrheal arthritis, colpitis and bezpiddya.

Widely widened gonorrhea is a sign of poor health. For wealthy people, a permanent change in sexual partners and a change in contraceptives is the norm of life. Regular medical check-ups allow detecting gonococci at an early stage of development, which in turn is a sign of exuberance. When the first symptoms of pathology are revealed, it is necessary to turn to the doctor in a negligent manner. Only in this way is the possible friendly result of that hope for dressing up. If gonorrhea is suspected, a smear should be taken in the shortest term. If the analyzes are ready, decipher them from a medical fahivtsya.

How to take a swab for gonorrhea from women and people

A smear for gonorrhea is the best way to detect venereal disease. The procedure is vikonuetsya like in women, so in cholovіkіv, however, there may be a lot of authority. Before folding the analysis, it is necessary to know how to properly prepare for the new preparation, in order to obtain the most accurate results.

How to prepare for a smear for gonorrhea?

Before taking the analysis, I need to ask, what is the smear for gonorrhea? Vіn є vіn є vnbhіdtja nebhіdnі for dolіdzhnіnі biomatіalії z vіnі vіdnії mucosal membrane of statuіh organіv. If there is a suspicion of gonorrhea of ​​the oropharyngeal type, a smear can be taken from the throat, rectum, and apples of the eyes (as a child is obstezhuetsya).

In advance of the procedure, women need to take into account a number of rules:

1. Do not join the link at the link 1-2 days before the obstezhennia.
2. For a day before the biomaterial is taken, do not take in any medicinal preparations.
3. Take the best care of intimate hygiene for 2-3 days before taking a smear, stop drinking more clean water.
4. At the day of the building, the analysis is not supported.
5. For 2-3 years prior to the procedure, you should get out of the toilet.

In times of non-conformity, if you want one of the refurbishment points, the woman is obliged to obov'yazkovo reconfirm the doctor.

A smear cannot be performed before the hour of menstruation. It is best to analyze the first few days after the completion of menstruation, or before the її cob.

Training of people follows the same principle. It is necessary for both sexes to carry out a final toilet of the state organs (without zastosuvannya sweet, helive thinly) before the task of analysis.

For the chronic form of illness, provocation of gonorrhea may be indicated. The doctor conducts a special visit, which will ensure the exit of the gonococcus on the mucous membrane of the sechostatic system, and it will be easier to decompress.

Bacterioscopy

Gonokok vіdrіznyaєtsya nestiykіstі posture human body, to doslidzhennya is due to carry out stretching 15 minutes after taking biomaterialu.

Bacterioscopy (followed by the Gram method) - taking a smear from the organ, may show signs of gonococcal inflammation. In women, the cervix of the uterus and the mucus membrane melt in such cases, in men - the urethra. The rejected material is subdivided on the subject scale and is covered by special methods. To reveal the gonorrhea alarm (Neyser's gonococo), fakhivets look at the vision under the microscope. When walking on aphids of an erysipelas color, it is easy to show brighter gonococci (photo below).

Bacterioscopy allows you to quickly take the necessary result, however, in some cases, gonorrhea may not appear (as a material for follow-up sampling from the patient's cervix). Therefore, the absence of gonococci in a smear should not be known about the presence of venereal disease.

How to take a swab from women

Smear for gonorrhea indications in various situations, including vaginess. Before this building, it is important to know, biomaterials are taken, and some traces of it. In women, the fahivets penetrates from the place of the greatest accumulation of mucus that is seen - from the womb, the cervix, the sciatica. To make it easier to look at the uterine cervix and open the lining of the uterus, the doctor or the nurse should insert a gynecological speculum near the vagina.

The procedure often reveals unacceptable symptoms, the majority of symptoms do not show up. Patients need to relax as much as possible and not collapse, in order to make it easier to get access to the necessary nurseries, that necessary biomaterial for the required amount.

In order to take the necessary material, put in sterile medical tampons or plastic spatulas. After taking the necessary amount of mucus, apply it on the subject, and send it to the bacteriological laboratory. As a rule, a visnovok about the day or the presence of an ailment can be taken from the doctor in 2-3 days.

Most of the time, the procedure is tolerated without complications. In some cases, it is possible to have a weak dull pain in the lower abdomen, or smearing visions of the stomach. Such unacceptable appearances pass independently for a long time after analysis.

As if the camp does not get better for a few days, the temperature of the body rises in pain, the chills that see the house of blood appear - the situation leads to the death of the doctor.

Taking a smear for gonorrhea from people

In people, taking a smear for gonorrhea is different, but in women. The algorithm is simple. Perebuvayuschie in the office, the patient once again wash the state organ and resolutely rub it dry. A special probe is introduced into the urethra immediately after the cessation of the urethra.

The material for analysis is taken at a depth of a few centimeters and is accompanied by wraparound ruhi, through which the patient can be blamed for pain. Which is more pronounced, the ignition process proceeds, the stench is warm, the prote in the greater fluctuations is tolerably tolerated.

After the manipulation is completed, the probe is removed, and the material taken away is prepared for laboratory investigations. Often after taking a smear, a person continues to experience discomfort, especially when it is more painful. To relieve discomfort in the first days after analysis, it is recommended:

• drink analgesics;
• take a warm shower and bath today;
• to live a sufficient amount of rіdini (protizapalny vіdvar іz chamomile leaves);
• wear white light clothing made of natural fabrics.

In the case of an injured person, it is necessary to call the doctor and go through the medical examination.

How to carry out doslidzhennya mazkiv on gonokok?

Crim bacterioscopy, go into the pursuit of other techniques. Often follow-up smears for gonorrhea are carried out by the method:

1. RZK (complement binding reactions).
2. Immunofluorescence.
3. Sending the material.

RZK, also known as the Bordet-Gangu reaction, is considered to be a serological method that allows detecting gonococcal antigens in the blood of an ill person. This method is brought up to supplementary ones and is rarely used. They go a little further in case of worsening and chronic gonorrhea, as well as in depressions, if the disease has not been confirmed bacteriologically.

In mixed infections, gonococcus can be identified by a path of immunofluorescence reaction. At the process of seeing the patient, they are heated and filled with a special warehouse, building glow (fluorescence). When viewed under a microscope, the gonococci become kindly commemorated, as if looking at the brothel, which glows, round in shape.

The submission of the material (bacteriological investigation) is considered as reliable as possible. Wines are often carried out in case of a negative result after bacterioscopy, in cases of complicated situations. Visions of the patient, which are being treated, hang on Wednesday with living speeches (ascites agar). For a period of 5-7 days, we are vigilant for the possible growth of colonies of gonococci. As such, the diagnosis of "triper" is considered to be confirmed.

The background of the material does not only help to establish a reliable diagnosis, but also to determine the choice of suitable antibiotics. The Danish method of directing on the manifestation of resistance of microorganism to different types of medicinal preparations and it is slightly easier to study.

In case of vaccinity, sowing on gonococci should be carried out for a few times: at the stage of taking on the appearance, on the 28-30th of the month, and without the middle in front of the canopies.

Deciphering the results

Outside the state institutions, you can get a gonorrhea infection at independent medical laboratories (Invitro, Helix). The price of the service is affordable, and the results are the most reliable and reliable.

Deciphering the results of obstezhennya - the robot of the doctor-venereologist. The norm demonstrates the presence of the gonococcal stick (GN). As a smear analysis to confirm the illness of gonorrhea and the presence of gonorrhea, it appears as follows:

• the number of leukocytes - 10-20;
• the presence of gram-negative bacteria (positive diplococci);
• changes in indications of mucus (greater than 1+), to speak about inflammation of the infectious type;
• increased the number of epithelium.

Symptoms of gonorrhea infection often overlap with other venereal diseases. To this end, a comprehensive follow-up of the vaginal flora, which also includes trichomoniasis, chlamydia, is carried out. Due to the presence of trichomonas or chlamydia, diagnosis can be complicated, which requires the reduction of these microorganisms.

Timely analysis of gonorrhea is even more important. The carelessness of setting up to good health, and the progression of ill health, lead to the worst consequences - acute peritonitis, prostatitis, impotence, bezplydya, gonorrheal sepsis.

What is the name of a smear for gonorrhea

Most often, gonorrhea is transmitted from a person to a woman for a few hours, in case of unsafe bacteria, they are consumed from the pharynx, the stars penetrate the uterus, cervix, ovaries and tubes. Nadali gonokoki zdatnі hit the rectum and sechivnik.

If women are to be swabbed for gonorrhea

The main symptoms of infection with gonorrhea are liver and liver damage, as well as purulent vision. Rest for an hour to clear up the expansion of the asymptomatic overrun of various gynecological diseases, the middle ones, which are transmitted by the path.

The main indications for a smear test for gonorrhea are:

• bezpіddya;
• presence is a sign of acute inflammation;
• presence of chronic urogenital infections;
• pathology of vaginess;
• mimic abortions;
• the presence of a state partner with urogenital infections.

How to get ready for a smear test

As a gynecologist, having acknowledged a smear from pichvi, it is necessary:

• take a look at the statutes one or two days before the time of the decontamination;
• pripinit syringing and vіdmovitysya vіd be-yakіh sobіv іntimnoї іgієni 2-3 days before obstezhennia. It is recommended to miti state the organs with warm water;
• zupiniti vikoristannya be-yakikh likіv at viglyadі pills, candle chi sprays for tyzhden to obstezhennya. Vynyatkom є ti vipadki, if їх vikoristannya zazdalegіd zamomovlen z doctor-gynecologist;
• in the evening before the obstezhennyam it is necessary to carry out the hygiene of state organs. On the day of obstezhennya vrantsі podmivatis not required;
• try to go to the toilet two or three years before the smear.

A bacteriological smear from the penis is most often carried out at the first few days after the end of the month or up to the first cob. As the months rose by the day, it was recognized that it was cold, it is necessary to try to reschedule the visit to the doctor.

How to take a swab for gonorrhea

In order to carry out an analysis for gonorrhea, a small amount of mucus and mucus taken from the cervix, cervix, and also from the sciatica is small. The most common bacteriological smear is taken for an hour of simple examination by a gynecologist.

At the very beginning of the eye, the doctor should introduce a gynecological mirror at the pihva, pick up for a rosemary, for the help of such a vein, you can open the walls of the pikha. Through the sight of a cold third-party object, the introduction of a mirror can be an unacceptable procedure. In order to make the work of the doctor easier, it is necessary to try not to strain, dihatively evenly and deeply.

After a gynecological examination of the cervix and walls of the uterus, the doctor will take a small number of views from the uterus, the cervical canal, and the uterus. Fight for the help of special sterile swabs. Selected vision of the doctor-gynecologist should be applied on a special slope for the help of tampons, after which they are sent to the laboratory, there they are harvested and vibrated for the help of a microscope.

How many smears are being prepared for gonorrhea. Call the smear results ready on the same day in a couple of years or in one to three days. Sometimes, depending on the results of the primary examination of the gynecologist, the doctor can praise the decision about those that require the recognition of some additional analyses, cytology and colposcopy.

Varto go back to the gynecologist, so after a few days after a gynecological examination, the following symptoms are observed:

• trivalі pain, scho to pull, in the lower abdomen;
• temperature;
• chills;
• bloody vision.

Smear for gonorrhea under the hour of vagity

In times, if the woman is vaginal, there are ways to smear gonorrhea. For anterior diagnostics, take a smear on the flora from the urethra to the cervical canal, the leakage of such an examination becomes less than 30-70%.

The next method is a smear of PLR (polymerase lanzug reaction), ale vin can often give a good result. The most reliable method is bacteriological testing, which allows detecting gonorrhea in 95% of cases.

Іsnuє pevna group riziku:

• contracted gonorrhea to the point of vaginess;
• the presence of any other infections that are transmitted during the state act;
• girls, like to lead an active state of life for up to 25 years;
• the presence of an active status life from the early age;
• the girls were introduced to the barrier method of contraception.

At your own discretion, the doctor-gynecologist can recognize whether there is additional evidence.

We know that it is possible to get infected with SNID and VIL through the sling.

The result of a smear test for gonorrhea

Deciphering the results of the analysis is simple. For the results of the bacteriological examination, write: gonococci were detected (not detected). As an option, the visnovka may have written: detected (not detected) gram-negative diplococci, which means the same. Gram-negative diplococci are a descriptive characteristic of sick people.

Visnovok after cultural investigation is guilty of mischief about those, which are the manifestations of a microbe and in which size (massiveness of its growth), which antibiotics are sensitive denmarks and infectious disease.

In this way, a smear for gonorrhea is carried out with a gynecological examination. Most of the wines are carried out easily and do not call for any complications. It is necessary to give a smear test for gonorrhea because of the presence of symptoms of a disease.

We encourage you to also marvel at the videos about those, how to properly prepare for the future task of analyzing for infections, which are transmitted by the state way:

Smears for gonorrhea. Diagnosis of venereal diseases

Gonococcus is the most widespread cause of infectious diseases. Gonorrhea is called the most popular venereal disease in our time. Coils of illness reach us even from the bible hours. Hippocrates in his practice described the illness with similar symptoms.

infection

Gonorrhea (triper) is a disease, as it is called by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This bacterium is less common in humans. Infect in 90% vipadkiv, he is a statue, in 10% - contact -tuning (rushnik, spydna bilitic), I wanted it to be shkіdlivia macrocorganism, based on the organism of the people, pidd, by the fuel of the cones, the removal of the armpits.

Imovirnist infection with an unprotected statutory act reaches 70%, as a partner of infections. To finish a high age of infection with gonococcal infection is equal to other venereal diseases. The infection attacks the mucus membranes of the sebaceous system more importantly.

Symptoms

Smears for gonorrhea, sound, are prescribed by the doctor for animal patients. The most common reason to go to the doctor can be obvious symptoms of gonococcal infection:

• bіl pіd hour of the statutory act;
• rotten vision;
• bіl in the lower abdomen;
• dysuria;
• presence of an unacceptable smell.

Having become infected with the infection, the woman notices the liver during the sechovipkann, with which the stench becomes partly painful. If you don’t enjoy the infection, you can cause a serious illness - without the need for both a woman and a man. People have gonorrhea with purulent urethritis. As the disease progresses, it can cause additional illnesses, such as prostatitis.

If the infection has passed into a chronic form, it is important to diagnose. In 80% of cases, the disease is asymptomatic, or the stench can be minimal.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of venereological diseases using impersonal methods and other methods of detecting infection:

• A look at state bodies by a doctor.
• Bacterioscopy (method of bacteriological follow-up with the method of seeing the gonorrhea patient).
• Microbiological analysis of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs.
• Smear microscopy.
• Infection detection by the PLR ​​method (polymeric lanceuge reaction).
• Immunoenzymatic method (IFA).
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Smears for gonorrhea, indicated for a smear:

• bezpіddya;
• mimic abortion;
• chronic urogenital infections;
• gostre inflamed;
• connection with a partner who is infected with an infection.

Preparation

Preparation before the smear:

• turn off the article 1-2 days before the smear is due;
• do not remove the puddles for intimate hygiene 1 day before that without delay on the day of the analysis;
• you can rise with warm clean water;
• do not beat synthetic servets;
• do not douche and do not vicorate vaginal candles;
• 2-3 years do not urinate before taking a smear.

Smears for gonorrhea are not given at the time of menstruation. It is better to analyze in 2-3 days after the end of the monthly or until the beginning of the menstrual cycle.

How to take a swab

A bacteriological examination of a contaminated smear for flora is taken by a gynecologist from three locations:

For follow-up, a small amount of mucus is taken from rehabilitated higher localizations.

Without a middle in front of the cim lіkar insert a mirror at the pіhvu, so that you can open the wall. For the size of the mirror, the mirror is selected for the skin patient individually. The procedure is unacceptable, and in order to observe at least a minimum of consideration, the patient is guilty of relaxation of the m'iazi and deeply and evenly dihat.

Biomaterial is taken with a special sterile probe and applied on a special slope. If it is difficult to discuss it for room temperature and send it to the laboratory for follow-up. At the laboratory, it is difficult to farbuyut and marvel at smears under a microscope. The results of a smear, as a rule, are prepared for 2-3 days after the analysis is completed.

Without delay, after the smear is given, the woman can notice the inability to see in the lower abdomen, and watch out for the smear. It’s not scary, the symptoms start to fade in a couple of years.

De zdati swab

With the appearance of a sign of infection, a woman can, after milking, assess the presence of an illness. Vaughn can easily be mistaken for thrush, and the liver with sechoviprosy - for cystitis. It is not uncommon for a girl to know she is infected if her partner has gonorrhea. It is important for him to immediately turn to the gynecologist and do the necessary analyses.

For a look around, consultations and smear cases, you can go to the venereal dispensary for a place of residence. Ale є th іnshіy shlyakh.

You can get an analysis for gonorrhea at any woman's consultation. A doctor-gynecologist will conduct an examination, if necessary, may indicate additional follow-up, such as colposcopy, oncocytology, or additional analysis for the presence of infections.

Individuals can take an analysis during pregnancy to a venereologist, a urologist, at a paid laboratory, or at a venereal and venereal dispensary.

Shkirno-venerologic dispensary provides a new set of services for patients. Most of them can be taken without a fee for the ZMS policy.

Result

Deciphering a smear for gonorrhea is checked by a venereologist. As a result of the analysis, it will be shown that no gonococci were detected. In some cases, it is written about the sign (or not) of gram-negative diplococids, as well as evidence about the presence of gonococcal infection.

It is not necessary to interpret the result of the smear on your own, it is recommended to go to fakhivtsya for competent deciphering, interpreting the analysis and making an accurate diagnosis.

Visnovok

It is important to take smears for gonorrhea regularly, take them for the presence of symptoms, shards of gonorrhea and many other infectious diseases can be asymptomatic.

Regularly look around that prophylactic laboratory diagnostics do not take away a lot of time, but you can not only suddenly show that you are ill, but you can also turn off the risk of yoga.

smear for gonorrhea– collection of clinical material from the septal system, anus sputum for the diagnosis of gonococcal infection. In a smear in that chi іnshiy way, there may be manifestations of an illness.

Sound under the word smear to be smeared on the bacterioscopic examination. Vin is also called a smear on the flora. Tse method of diagnostics, if the doctor is vivay otrimaniy in the patient's biomaterial for the increase of the microscope.

Ale є y іnshі, reliable diagnostic methods. The clinical material for them is also a smear.

Indications for obstruction for gonorrhea:

• manifestation of symptoms of inflammation of the urethra
• article act s ill, what can confirm the gonococcal infection
• part of the article contacts with different partners without using barrier contraception

It is possible to build an analysis for gonorrhea and other IPSSh in our clinic.

Below we can look at how a smear is taken, how information can vary in follow-up, if you can take the results of the analyses.

• Get a swab for gonorrhea
• Testing for gonorrhea
• How to get tested for gonorrhea
• Smears for gonorrhea: how to shy
• Provocation of gonorrhea
• PHR: gonorrhea
• Blood test for gonorrhea

Get a swab for gonorrhea

Patients often cough, as if smearing smears for gonorrhea at the medical examination.

A smear is taken from a woman from the secoviductal canal, cervix and pelvis. In girls or girls, up to the cob of stately life, smears are taken. With this, a gynecological mirror is not victorious. Prior to menarche, the diagnosis of gonococcal infection can only be confirmed with the help of cultural follow-up (bacteria).

A urethral swab is taken from people.

Our clinic has developed a special algorithm (technique) for the collection of clinical material, for which there are no significant findings. In some clinics, where they give analyzes for gonococcus, they carry out provocation. Її to carry out with the method of improving the immunity of the pathogen.

What is it like that, how to shy away, we will discuss it further. In the meantime, let's talk, like analyzes are given for gonorrhea.

Testing for gonorrhea

What a test for gonorrhea, virishuє likar. Call, on the back of the hand, all patients are given a smear for microscopic follow-up. Ce express test. The wine is already swishy. Once the clinical material is taken from the veins, it can be carried out under a microscope. The results of a person are taken practically immediately.

This analysis is called microscopic, bacterioscopic, or a smear on the flora.
Assessing the clinical material, the doctor takes into account the number of leukocytes. With gonorrhea, a sharp increase in the number of bones is characteristic.

There are also gonococci. The stench is m_stya as vnutrіshnyoklіtinno, i pozaklіtinno. Cerezted with pairs of bean-like bacteria.

At the same time, other microbes can appear in the smear, such as Trichomonas or Candida.

Bacterioscopy- The key is the orientation of the follow-up. Nezalezhno vіd otrimanih danih, prіbnі іnshі diagnostic procedures.

The results might be like this:

• positive (є gonokoki)
• negative (no gonococci)

If there is no gonococcus, it does not mean that the person is healthy. That is why the sensitivity of the method is far from 100%. Therefore, when leukocytosis is avoided, or if symptoms of infection are evident, additional diagnostics should be carried out, using the PLR ​​method.

Dosledzhennya is assigned as for gonococci, and for other infections.

Another option is if gonorrhea symptoms are detected in a smear. І in this way, regardless of the obvious diagnosis, you need additional obstezhennia. Therefore, the presence of gonococci does not mean the presence of other pathogens.

Greater lower in 50% of cases in people who suffer from gonorrhea, and other sufferers of IPSSH. That is why PLR is needed for all venereal diseases, which are often affected.

How to get tested for gonorrhea

We already talked about how to take biomaterial and stars. This procedure can be unacceptable, especially for people, when taking clinical material from a local scientist.

If you want to avoid inadmissible observations, it is necessary to choose the right place, where to build the analysis. Come to our clinic. We parkan of clinical material is carried out painlessly. Until then, you can not give a smear. As a clinical material for the manifestation of gonococcus, a wounded portion of the cross section or ejaculate can be won.

Smears for gonorrhea: how to shy

Follow-up can be carried out in different ways.

We have already talked about how the doctor is developing clinical material under a microscope. Ale gonorrhea is also diagnosed in other ways. Tse PLR ​​and bacteriological culture.

Vrahovyuchi, skіlki fight tank posіv, most often carried out PCR. That is why such diagnostics is better. Until then, that's for sure.

The term of the applicability of a diagnostic test to fall in the first place, for example, in your analysis. If you need to file a proof here that you don’t have gonorrhea, call for a new report, the term of limitation is not less than 3 months.

Smears for gonorrhea: decoding

Let's talk about how the data of laboratory diagnostics are deciphered.

The first thing to do, as it is assigned, is a smear. Yoga is examined under a microscope. The doctor will immediately carry out the decryption. The norm is if there are no gonococci, if there are no ailments, and there is no increase in the number of leukocytes. In the urethra they are allowed no more than 5 pieces in the field. The presence of a lot of leukocytes to talk about inflammation.

You take away a lot of data from the decryption. Therefore, in the course of microscopic investigation, low other parameters are shown, except for the presence of gonococci. The presence of health workers of other IPSSH and transient flora. The number of epithelium, key cells, leukocytes is estimated.

During the PLR, the decoding of the results does not become an everyday fold. To that there may be more than two of them: positive and negative. In the analysis, it was indicated that there were no manifestations of gonococci in the analyzed biomaterial.

Under an hour of cultural diagnostics, the result can be positive or negative. But there is also assessed the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.

For this to the life-giving medium, add different preparations. Let's wonder how the zone of presence of growth of microbes is changing.
You can get stronger or weaker.

In certain vipads, the zone of growth does not change.

Vykhodyachi z tsikh parametrіv, dermal antibiotic, yaky dodavatsya in the life-giving center, hopes singing status. Він is denoted by the Latin letters S, I chi R.

If you get an R status, it means that this antibiotic does not contribute to the life of gonococcus. Otzhe, gonorrhea is not treated well with such a drug.

Status S means that the antibiotic, to which it is assigned, can have the maximum effectiveness of this alarm. By prescribing this drug, you can be sure that gonorrhea is on the rise.

Nareshti, the letter I denotes the intermediate variant. Responsiveness to the drug є, but weak.

Provocation of gonorrhea

Different methods of diagnosing gonococcal infection may differ in information, sensitivity and specificity.

Provocation- the same method of increasing sensitivity is lasting, as it does not always allow you to show gonorrhea, to instill like a person's illness on the same sickness. We are going to go about bacterioscopic examination. In some cases, smear microscopy gives sensitivity, close to 100%. Tobto, like gonococci, the stench will be revealed at any time.

It is possible in case of occurrence of advancing factors:

• human patient
• smear taken from the urethra
• at the time of taking the clinical material, there was a large number of urethral visions

But there are other situations that reduce sensitivity. Won can sometimes become 50-60%, or less.

In women, gonorrhea is more important, lower men. The stench of pathology can affect like the urethra, and the pihva, cervix, internal organs. Vision is often seen in significant quarters. It is especially important to detect gonococcus, as a swab is taken from the mouth and rectum. Most sensitive - with asymptomatic gonorrhea.

Schob її pіdvishchiti, zastosovuє provocation. Tse complex of entries, yak allow to increase the sensitivity of the follow-up. The method of provocation is the reach of gonococcal infection. It is hoped that the gonocococcal population will grow, and it will be easier to detect them in a smear.

There are many kinds of provocations:

• chemistry
• mechanical
• biological
• alimentary
• thermal
• physiological

Often їх to eat among themselves, to achieve the best effect. Chemical provocation in a different state is different.

In people, the sichovipcal canal should be injected with 0.5% nitrate.

In women, the cervix of the uterus should be coated with 5% sribl nitrate, and the urethra with 2% nitrate. As an alternative, you can use Lugol's victories.

Mechanical provocation is shown only to people. She transfers physical activity to the walls of the urethra. For whom before her, a bougie is introduced on a sprat of fluff.

Biological method of intravenous administration of gonococcal vaccine. The recommended dose is 500 million bacterial cells.

Alimentary provocation I believe in the fact that the doctor recommends people to get used to it, as if they are being shrewd.

Price zha:

• saline
• fat
• gostra

Thermal provocation- Tse warming up of sechostate organs.

Physiological provocation is important to take swabs from women at the time of menstruation. Really, be like provocations, the Daedals will be more likely. The rest of the investigations will show that provocations do not in any way affect the sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Apparently, there is no sense in winning them.

PHR: gonorrhea

The most common way to confirm gonorrhea is to follow up on PCR. There can be a kіlkіsnim chi yakіsnim.

In fact, it may be possible to win the exact test. Therefore, the number of bacteria in the structures of the urogenital tract does not matter. It goes into the therapy regimen.

Gonococo- unambiguously pathogenic microorganism. Vin cannot be present in the systemic system in the norm. Therefore, the manifestation of a large number of copies of DNA is a direct indication to antibacterial treatment.

The amount of bacteria also does not contribute to the scheme of antibacterial therapy. Trivality to the course and dosing is determined solely by the localization of the infectious process.

It is easier to enjoy gonococcal lesions of the urogenital tract, pharynx and rectum. Higher doses stagnate when the eyes are inflamed. Trivale is shown for aggravated gonorrhea.

PLR is carried out in a rich swidshe, nizh bak pos_v. At whom doslіdzhennya is more precise. For PLR, you can buy any biomaterial. For example, a swab from the sac, pharynx, anus, slash, prostate secretion, etc.

Blood test for gonorrhea

Sometimes they ask the doctor what can be determined by the blood of gonococcal infection. Theoretically, it is possible. For example, it is rare to win the Bordet-Jangu reaction or IFA. Ale tse method may be obmezhene zastosuvannya.

Yogo vikoristovuyut at times of gonococcal infection of extragenital localization. Moreover, if the pathogen is found there, it is impossible to take smears. Therefore, blood tests - ce serological follow-up.

The stench of directing the titer of antibodies to the alarm clock. Qi antibodies are synthesized in different regions, regardless of localization of infection. The stench at the bedside can be appointed for additional reactions.

The appointment of a race for blood analysis is a great rіdkіst. It is rich to inspire great laboratories to start not to conduct research. To that there is no special drink on the new one.

How to test for gonorrhea

Getting ready for gonorrhea for a number of days. Keep everything in order, as the gonococcal infection is diagnosed.

Different analyzes are carried out in different ways.

At microscopy the result can be taken away in a second. To that already, for a sprat of whilin, after taking a smear of a doctor, you can look at it under a microscope. The following is the shortest, but at the same time the least reliable.

The optimal method of diagnosis remains PLR. Tse doslіdzhennya shvidko be carried out, and there may be more sensitivity among the middle of the methods. The results can be taken from the coming day. That is why it takes only a few years to carry out the PLR. Laboratories allow us to speed up the process.

Your analysis should be reviewed by us in front of you, so you will pay extra for the terminology.
Therefore, the data of laboratory research can be taken from the first day, for a year.

Nareshti, found to be carried out cultural heritage. It stays for 3-4 days. If the result is positive, further testing of susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs should be carried out.

And here the diagnosis is more advanced. One more day is added to the term. Itself through the trivality of the dosledzhennya the tank of sowing zastosovuetsya to finish it rarely.

Vіn is needed less in case of depression, if:

• a person could fall ill in the end
• infections are not common
• ailment of a postmenopausal woman

The tank of posіv also zastosovuєtsya at different ineffectiveness of the course of antibiotic therapy. The antibioticogram helps to choose the right drug. That is why in the course of investigation it is shown that the greatest sensitivity of the world is up to some antibiotic races.

If you need to give smears and other tests for gonorrhea, come to our clinic.

Our achievements:

• the availability of the most recent laboratory findings, which may be the most sensitive
• taking tests without pain, including taking swabs from people with urethra
• high qualification of doctors
• the possibility of an anonymous obstezhennya and likuvannya

We specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of state infections.

We have certified venereologists, who are ready to give first class medical help.

How to take a swab for gonorrhea in women and people?

smear for gonorrhea- a special medical procedure, which is the responsibility of a medical practitioner, who has perfected the sampling technique.

Wrong practices of a medical practitioner threaten with an incorrect result, which does not show the presence of gonorrhea.

Tse venereal disease, a wake-up caller like a gonococcus. Ailments are transmitted by a path, although daily theoretically іsnuє ymovіrnіst іnfіkuvannya (1% of ailments per triper) by a path: an alarm posture by the body of a person is practically lifeless.

Infected are most often those who are helpless and supernaturally active state of life, uncomfortably zahistu. In such a disease, no one is insured for amateurs who do not protect state assets. With the ordering of family waters, the infection with gonorrhea is excluded, that the infection can be introduced by only a third person.

For people from the group, such as they are, practical escort escort, and also for those who rise in price, live at home and do not encourage themselves to sleep with an unfamiliar partner, taking a smear for gonorrhea is necessary to work at least once a day.

Gonococcus is transmitted with all types of state act - vaginal, anal, oral. The disease is not safe, so it can quickly go into a chronic form and destroy the body, hostile to the rich organ systems. The peculiarity of this illness is that it is possible for the same symptoms to be present, in such a case of carrying an infection, you yourself will not be able to guess. In the greater situation. In 80% of the symptoms vyyavlyayutsya, and shvidko.

Studies show that after a single state contact with an infectious partner, the smear result in 85% of women will be positive, while gonococci know only 35% of people. This kind of variability among statistical data is explained by the difference in public bodies.

Symptoms of a disease

In men and women, symptoms appear differently. More like this:

• hurry up and call before the sechovi- sion , which is accompanied by the liver;
• clear and not similar to the natural vision (of state bodies);
• temperature rise;
• able bіl at the throat;
• there is swelling of the mucosal membrane of the affected organs - the stave, the empty mouth, the rectum;
• swollen lymph nodes.

Individuals begin to feel discomfort may be immediately, for 1-7 days from the moment of infection, and for women, the incubation period is 5-10 days.

The men notice the scarring of the head of the penis, the swelling of the mucous membrane, and from the tip of the penis, especially the vranci, you can see pus drops. As soon as there was a suspicion of infection, it is important to see a venereologist or a dermatologist, it is not easy in such conditions.

In women, there is more lightness in triperine, lower in people, ale and quiet, and in others, sticky speech, which can be seen, may have an unacceptable rotten smell. In the middle of manifesting ailments, swelling of the mucous membrane is observed, the structure of the epithelium of the pixie becomes fluffy, and in the event of an onslaught, it is possible for the blood to end.

Fahіvtsі vіdznayut in the remainder of the roki of the growth of the number of depressions in three symptoms, which are asymptomatic. This is explained by the global accessibility of antibacterial agents to a wide range of activities, as well as the breadth of modern gadgets with the Internet, so you can know how to get rid of venereal infection.

A tripper maladjustment can often cause insomnia and also impotence. Through the vipadkovy zv'azok you can spend your health, to that varto rubbish and turn over: it is not turned off, if the tripper has already typed the name, you will become aware of the deciphering of the smear analysis.

How to take a swab for gonorrhea

We have been categorically blocked by the use of any medications: self-deception is not effective and it can lead to a typical picture of overcoming illness and making it difficult to diagnose. Smears robiti nebhodno to the cob priyom likiv.

The algorithm for taking a smear for gonorrhea from representatives of various articles is practically the same.

It is also important to properly prepare for the procedure:

• 3 days before the date of the smear, apply a statement of absolution;
• before coming to the doctor, resolutely vimiti the state of the organ;
• try 2-3 years before the procedure not to see the viscera.

It is reserved to carry out washing of the state organs with disinfectant or antibacterial methods: the sick are guilty of making sure that it is important not to introduce the doctor into Oman, and for the obviousness of gonorrhea - to diagnose the disease at once and, of course, to spread the word.

A smear for gonorrhea is taken from the mucous membrane of the affected organ. Tse call the penis abo pіhva, but for the obviousness of the basics - the mouth is empty, the lining, the rectum, the mucous membrane of the eyes.

Since bisexual and homosexual relationships are not rare, they manifest such forms of ailments, like gonorrheal proctitis. In women, there is a possible variant of self-infection of the rectum by way of the end of vaginal vision in the anal region after the traditionally established state act.

The current method of taking biomaterial for the detection of gonorrhea is paramount at all times, so a smear is taken from the most possible place.

Robbing strokes like this:

• preparation of a special probe-tampon;
• insert the tampon deeper, applying not just smear on the mucous membrane, but take a drop of water-cream;
• repeat the procedure with a tampon for skin follicles;
• taking away biomaterial (rot, mucus) is divided according to the laboratory class and marked.

Taking a smear is easily tolerated by patients.

Validity of the procedure for people and women

The collection of biomaterials is carried out in a different way. In women, a smear is taken from such places:

• pixu;
• urethra;
• cervix.

Gonorrhea spreads quickly in the female organs, often leading to the development of colpitis, urethritis, inflammation of the cervix. Trichomoniasis, chlamydia can occur before gonococcal infection, so it is important to develop a complex bacteriological study of biomaterials for the selection of the correct treatment.

Gonococci can be identified without problems, but even though antibiotics have been used and the disease has passed into a chronic form, then the alarm can not be manifested. However, this does not mean that the tripper is silent.

How to take a smear from a person?

An instrument with a tampon is inserted into the urethra, choking with rotten vision. Even if you see clear, you can do without penetration into the urethra. If there is a small amount of water, then the tampon must be inserted into a depth of up to 3 cm and bud for about 10 seconds, so that the tampon seeps more strongly.

Smear for non-borrowed women

Taking a smear for gonorrhea in women at the station of pregnancy is carried out in the same order as in women. May-be mothers are guilty of being blamed for the state of the infection of the two:

• when staged on the appearance of a link with a vagity;
• on the 36th term.

At the same time, sickness is manifested, and it is more effective to protect the infection of the mind, the infection of which occurs internally in the womb or at a slower hour. The future mother can become infected after taking the first smear, and a second analysis will still clarify the situation.

For the presence of a potential ailment with a tripper, an undamaged spleen is taken away from the biomaterial through the opening at the spleen: it’s not more painful, but the lack of occupancy is saved, so that mechanical damage to the smelting of the drug is not allowed.

Pap smear in children

In children, infection with gonorrhea can be intrauterine or adventitious. Boys, as a statistician, don’t get infected by the way of the butt.

The girls are infected with such paths:

• through objects of special hygiene - a washcloth, a towel;
• in the case of ailing fathers, as they do not comply with the rules of special hygiene;
• for the help of article znosin.

In girls, triper is indicated 15 times more often. In case of symptoms of a child, it is necessary to bring them to fahivtsya. A swab for gonorrhea in children should be taken, fallow in the localization process, from such cases:

• state bodies, carefully choosing biomaterial;
• conjunctivitis of the eyes;
• mouth empty.

Boys, as a rule, become infected with gonorrhea during early sexual intercourse in young adults. It is necessary to check with a gynecologist or a urologist if necessary in the presence of children. It is important to carry out a rose-explaining work, directing the prevention of infection with venereal diseases.

It is the child's responsibility to take care of someone else's bathtub with a toilet at the public toilet, carefully, not allowing the contact of the state's organs with the objects of dirty coronation. The skin member of this family may want to have two or three small towels, including children. Mitya child was slid under running water, then the butt tripper will be turned off.

follow-up methods

The following methods are used to reach the triper:

• bacteriological;
• cultural.

So for people and women for both methods, a smear is taken for the same algorithm, then for a complete picture, the follow-up is carried out in parallel. Bacterioscopy transfers the congestion of the subject store with biological specimens with special barnacles.

On a colored background under a microscope, identify the flora, revealing:

• gonococci;
• fungi;
• trichomonads;
• lactobacilli and in.

Leucocytes are also dispersed. The bacterioskopia is to be tried quickly, the result can be prepared for the coming day after the sampling of the sap.

For cultural follow-up, the biomaterials are placed in a special living room and kept at the optimum temperature, which helps to spread the crops. Approximately after 6-8 days, under a microscope, colonies of bacteria can be seen (as the stench lingers in the eyes). This method is accurate, which does not allow microorganisms to disguise, but not dry.

Decryption

After the completion of the laboratory analysis, the results are seen. Deciphering the smear in women shows that microorganism is detected and smut - chi є gonorrhea.

A positive analysis means that it was revealed:

• gonokoki (maybe put a "+" sign);
• epithelium;
• slime;
• leukocytes (of the same type as mutation).

The number of leukocytes more than 10 indicates a strong inflammation.

If it is written that the smear is negative or “gonococco is not detected”, it means that there is no tripper. It may be indicated that chlamydia, trichomonads, fungal infection was detected: it does not allow the doctor to diagnose other diseases of the sechostatic sphere, so it is very serious, but less unsafe, lower gonorrhea.

A smear for gonorrhea in people is deciphered approximately the same way. Independently, in view of the results of the examination of the biological material from the state organs, a visit to the physician of the obov'yazkovy. Tilki fahivets can correctly vitlumachity, about what to say that chi іnsha kіlkіst of the revealed bacteria, leukocytes, epithelial cells and іn.

Residual visnovok lіkar rob on the basis of total data:

• look around;
• bacterioscopy;
• cultural analysis;
• colposcopy and other

Lіkar recognize likuvannya, see recommendations. After the completion of the recognized course, it will be necessary to perform a control analysis of the smear. Only the doctor's coats about clothes give a signal to live in peace, remembering that sex can be stolen.

1) for patients who enter gynecological care, up to the threshold; 2) at women's consultations in case of obstezhennі gynecological ailments; 3) at prophylactic examination.

1) spoon-like mirrors or chair parts; 2) cotton swabs; 3) glass slides; 4) tweezers; 5) spatula; 6) lazy probe; 7) Volkmann's spoon; ) individual pelyushka; 12) sterile gloves.

Preparatory stage of manipulation.

1. In advance of the day of taking swabs, the patient is not guilty of the mother of the state, she is not guilty of douching, she is not guilty of urinating 2 years before the swabs are taken.

2. Lay the patient on the gynecological chair, open it with an individual pelushka.

3. Prepare the subject matter by dividing yoga into 3 parts, marking "U", "C", "V".

4. Keep your hands dry, put on sterile gloves.

The main stage of victorious manipulation.

1. Take a swab from the urethra. For this finger, we introduce it at the pikhva, lightly massage it through the front wall of the pikhvi. The first portion of the urethra should be taken with a cotton bag, and then we will insert Volkmann’s spoon, or a hollow probe into the sechovisceral canal - at a depth of no more than 1.5-2 cm. - U.

2. After taking swabs from the urethra, insert a sterile speculum at the pihva, expose the cervix and wipe it with a sterile cotton swab. The other tip of the sterile spoon of Volkmann is inserted at the cervical canal and a smear is taken with a light scuff and a visible stroke is applied to the object marked with the letter C (neck).

3. Take a swab from pikhvi. A smear is taken with a spatula or with tweezers from the back of the pikhvi and, as a stroke, is applied to the object marked with the letter V (pіkhva).

The rest stage of vikonannya manipulation.

1. Vityagti mirrors and zanurit in disinfectant zasib.

2. Take out mittens, zanurit in disinfectant zasib.

3. Fill in directly: nickname, name, by father’s, century, address, name of the office, date, number of the women’s consultation office, doctor’s or midwife’s nickname.

176.59.112.113 © studopedia.ru I am not the author of the materials that appear to be placed. Ale nadaє mozhlivіst bezkoshtovnogo koristuvannya. Chi є violation of copyright? Send us a return call.

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Taking swabs for gonorrhea

Algorithm dії.

Taking a smear from pikhvi on the steps of purity

Target:

Resources: gynecological chair, gynecological speculum, Volkmann’s spoon or a probe probe, subject slug, referral to the laboratory, disposable mittens, individual pelushka.

4. Wear disposable gloves.

5. Prepare the tools: a gynecological mirror, a Volkmann spoon (a lazy probe), a subject glass.

6. Insert a gynecological speculum. With Volkmann's spoon or with a cold probe, take from the back of the seal and apply on the subject.

7. Carefully remove a gynecological speculum from the pixie, omit chloramine in 3% of cases. For an hour, use a disposable mirror to start yoga in the KBU.

8. Ask the woman to stand up.

9. Know disposable mittens, change them according to the rules of infection prevention.

10. Wash your hands with water with a darling.

Appointment of a smear (smear on the level of cleanliness)

signature of a midwife or doctor

12. Send a smear to the laboratory.

Target: parkan material on microscopic examination.

Resources: gynecological armchair, gynecological mirror, Volkmann's spoon, glass branch, subject glass, direction to the laboratory, disposable mittens, individual pelushka, test tube, gum pear, physiological design.

1. Explain the need for this follow-up.

2. Put the woman on a gynecological chair (position on the back with legs bent in the knees and kulshovyh swamps, legs apart), on an individual pelushka.

3. Make sure you have enough vision to look at the cervix.

4. Wear disposable gloves.

5. Prepare sterile instruments: gynecological mirrors, glass jaws, Volkmann's spoon, subject glass.

6. With a glass branch, after the front massage of the urethra through the pihva, take a smear from the urethra and apply it on the subject.

7. Enter a gynecological mirror. Take Volkmann's spoon from the cervical canal and apply on the subject.

8. Carefully remove a gynecological mirror from the pikhvi, omit chloramine in 3% of cases. For an hour of work, use a disposable mirror to start yoga at KSBU.

9. From the rectum for additional humic pear, take a sample of a physiological variety (10-20 ml) in a test tube. Standing still, apply a smear on the object during the siege.

10. Ask the woman to stand up.

11. Know disposable mittens, change them accordingly to the rules of infection prevention.

12. Wash your hands with water from the sweet.

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Take a smear for oncocytology.

Insert a speculum at the pixie and expose the cervix.

With a cotton swab, remove excess mucus from the pixie.

Insert the cytoscutellum at the cervical canal, rotate 360°.

When taking the material from the surface of the cervix, bend the working part of the cytoscutellum under a straight cut along the length to the handle (do not open the packaging).

Insert the tool up to the surface of the neck and rotate it to the next turn.

The swab is covered with a path of “rolling” the cytoscutellum with an object fold, for inoculation on the flora - the cytoscutellum is “rolled” along the middle or placed near the transport flask.

Taking a smear for cleanliness of pikhvi, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis.

Take a swab from the urethra. For this finger, we introduce it at the pikhva, lightly massage it through the front wall of the pikhvi. The first portion of the urethra should be taken with a cotton bag, and then we will introduce Volkmann’s spoon or a probe probe into the cutter - at a depth of no more than 1.5 - 2 cm. U.

After taking swabs from the urethra, insert a sterile speculum from the pihva, expose the cervix and wipe it with a sterile cotton swab. The other tip of the sterile spoon of Volkmann is inserted at the cervical canal and a smear is taken with a light scuff and a visible stroke is applied to the object marked with the letter C (neck).

Take a swab from pikhvi. A smear is taken with a spatula or with tweezers from the back of the pikhvi and, as a stroke, is applied to the object marked with the letter V (pіkhva).

Take a smear for hormonal cytology.

Insert a dzerkala at the pixu, expose the cervix.

With a cotton ball, carefully remove excess mucus from the cervix.

Use a spatula to take instead of the anterior-lateral crypt of pikhvi on the 8-14-18-21 days of the menstrual cycle and apply with a protective stroke-like hand on the surface.

Diathermoexcision (diathermo- or electroconection) of the cervix cone-shaped crown of the cervix with the Rogovenko electrode. The Rogovenka electrode is made up of two metal tubes (long and short), covered with an insulating material, between soldering nickel-nickel.

Indications for diathermoexcision of the cervix:

a) chronic endocervicitis with recurrent cervical polyps

b) suspected cervical cancer (by method of wide and deep biopsy)

c) suspicion of intraepithelial cancer (in situ) in different cases of infection in the presence of invasion (in women of a young age)

Technique of diathermoexcision of the cervix:

1. The neck of the uterus is exposed for the help of a dzerkal;

2. Insert the electrode at the cervical canal, turn on the strum with a force of 2 A, push the electrode to the required depth and turn it around its axis by 360, looking at the cone from the cervix, which is corrected for histological examination.

3. In case of guilty bleeding on the judge, who bleeds, ligatures are applied.

Technique of knife biopsy of the cervix: the cervix of the uterus is bared with mirrors, fixed with cusp tongs and pulled up to the entrance to the pikhva. With a scalpel, cut the neck of the cervix with tissue, which is used, and corrected for histological follow-up. 1-2 sutures are applied to the wound, which are removed.

Targeted biopsy- Biopsy, which is based on visual control of the colposcope or hysteroscope from changes in the cervical epithelium. Behind the technique, you follow like a knife or a diathermoexcision.

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Chi mozhe smear show gonorrhea? Surely so. The current smear for gonorrhea is one of the most widely used tests for diagnosing triperine. Algorithm for taking a smear for gonorrhea attacks: the doctor conducts a smear test from the cervix, rectum and sciatica for the help of a special tampon inserted in the middle of the opening.

Іsnuyut pevnі vіdminnostі in vіdnі vіdnіnostі v svіtі smаkіv іn gonorrhea іn cholіkovіv zhіnok. So, to collect flora from people, insert a narrow tampon with an applicator into the urethra for a depth of up to 4 cm, and then, properly wrap, swipe yoga. Cream of the urethra, take a specimen for the flora from the opening of the rectum. In women, the technique of taking swabs for gonorrhea is cheap. The doctor gynecologist for an additional probe (spatula, special loops) and a gynecological speculum take samples from all possible middle infections, to which sounds can be seen: pix, urethra and cervix. Taking the material of the lіkar, rozpodіlyaє according to the subject class and give it a letter designation:

• V for pikhvi;
• C for material from the cervix;
• U zrazkіv s urethra.

The technique of taking a swab for flora and gonorrhea in non-borrowed and children is similar to taking a sample for triper in sexually active women, due to the fact that in this type of gynecological mirror the mirror is not vicorated, and the material from the pharynx is taken absolutely openly from the unborrowed hymen, without any pain . that includes poshkodzhennya spit.

Picking up the necessary information, sending them to the laboratory, de flora for drying. Then we add a special barn to the subject warehouse, which helps to decipher under a microscope all the warehouses of the flora of the selected species, and itself: the presence of alarms in tripera, fungi, lactobacilli, leukocytes, trichomonads and the wild warehouse of flora.

A swab for gonorrhea in women is taken the same way, like up to pregnancy. To give this analysis for the triper to recommend two for the period of pregnancy: the first time when placing on the appearance, and the other - on the 36th day in front of the canopies. The first analysis allows you to immediately diagnose illness, and the other can show the presence of gonococci in that case, as the first analysis gave a negative result, having spent on the incubation period, or, as if the infection was already present after pregnancy.

When smearing for gonorrhea, deciphering is required for the help of a barn. Deciphering for the help of barvnik will be easier for them, because the reagent will kill the obvious bacteria and parts of the bacteria in different colors. Therefore, as the technique of taking a smear for gonorrhea was done, all 3 samples are examined one by one, instead of non-pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms.

Carrying out this analysis takes no more than one doby. Just before taking a smear, all the rules of preparation for analysis were taken, the main middle ones are: to take antibiotics for the day before the appointment of the doctor’s office and not to urinate 2 years before the test, the result will be more accurate in 90% of cases.

The very high accuracy, painlessness and quickness of the data to be obstezhennya one of the most popular in the diagnosis of triper.

Gonorrhea is not an ailment; Ale, the first stage on the way to the dressing - about the confirmation of the diagnosis. For whom it is necessary to take a smear for gonococci, after which a laboratory assistant under a microscope, to see a vision of mucous membranes and see visnovs about the presence of gonococcal infection.

The typical "place of residence" of the triper's bud is the mucous membrane of the state paths. However, sometimes the infection affects other organs: eyes, gourd or rectum. Therefore, swabs for gonorrhea are often taken once a day. Decisions about taking the drug, depending on the clinical picture of illness.

In chronic overflow of infection, bacteria often thrive, making cysts. This analysis is preceded by the procedure of gonococcal provocation. After this, gonorrhea is easily seen in smears of the urethra, uterine cervix in women, and mucous membranes of the secoviductal canal in men.

Sob the analysis would be reliable, it is important to respect the building before the building a lot of rules.

• It is necessary to give a smear on the cob with antibiotics. Yakshcho you took faces before the slaughter to the doctor (you were prescribed them in case of another illness) - tell about it. If you have been assigned a second smear, change your mind that the course of treatment ended not earlier, at least 3-4 days before the next appointment.
• Before the analysis of the obov'yazkovo, go to the souls and cherish the sweet, but don't beat yourself up to disinfect, as you don't want to see the result of creations.
• 2-3 years before the smear, take a look at the cut.
• Do not have sex during the day, if the diagnosis is checked.

The material for follow-up with gonorrhea in people is taken with a special probe swab. Insert the middle part of the urethra by 3 cm and turn it over the stake for 10 seconds. The procedure is unacceptable, the shards in the process may loosen the mucosa, but the sharp pain is not to blame. After a short period of time after a smear in the semester, the liver can be seen, but the reaction to the analysis is normal.

In women, a smear for gonococci is carried out on the 2nd-3rd day of the menstrual cycle - this hour has a greater chance of revealing the alarm clock. Under the hour of the procedure, a gynecological mirror is introduced at the pixu. For a smear of vicorist, use a swab probe, a spatula or a special loop. The doctor takes three streaks, so that they can be applied on the subject in a dark way. The first one - from the pihvi (vin is denoted by the letter V), the other - from the cervix (leter C) and the third - from the urethra (letter U). Nadalі to doslіdzhennya tse to help install the exact localization of the alarm clock.

Vagity is not a contraindication for a gonorrhea smear. With a prophylactic method, the obstetrician at the woman's consultation will recommend whether the patient has a trichi procedure: when placing on the appearance, and then in another and the third trimester. A smear on Neisser's gonococci, as the very gynecological obstezhennya, does not become unsafe for the health of the future mothers of that baby.

Sometimes it is necessary to give smears for gonorrhea to children and young girls, so as not to live a stately life. Take it in case of suspected infection with triper on the butt path, or in depressions, if the virus is transmitted to the child from the mother under the hour. The technique of taking a smear in this way may be different from the algorithm of the procedure for mature women and people with the same sign: the doctor does not win the gynecological mirror, but takes the eye through the opening of the value. The procedure is painless and not traumatic.

For the purpose of estimating informative results in the analysis, the doctor is guilty of adhering to the advancing rules:

• For a smear, only disposable spatulas are used. As soon as the samples are taken from a large number of workers, it is better to change the spatula. Tse zabigatim widening of the infection and turn on the pardon at the end.
• A smear for gonorrhea is taken only from mucus, light superficial ruhs. Tse zmenshuє bіl, a kind of causing a fuse reaction in case of infection.
• It is not possible to win for the analysis of the turn of the rot, or to see the patient's whiteness. The concentration of the alarm in such eyes is lower, lower in smears. And also in the analysis, a third-party microflora may appear, so as to create the result of the investigation.

If the laboratory is reviewed there, where the smear is taken, then the bacterioscopic examination should be carried out immediately after the procedure. If the possession for analysis is in another area, then the spatula is inserted into it in a special sterile sample.

On the back, a laboratory assistant farbuy material for the help of a barn, which is called methylene blue. Tse come to the bacteria of the presence of a black color, so that I can show them under a microscope. One more time, using the Gram method, it is easier for Neisser's gonococa to zavdyaku to attack other microorganisms. Sensitivity of bacterioscopy in gonorrhea becomes 40-85% fallow in smear quality. If the alarm does not come out at microscopy, the material violates the bacterial culture. This analysis takes 3-5 days, with the help of such bacteria to grow on the life-giving medium. Bakposіv dodatkovo dopomogaє zrobiti vysnovki about the number of microorganism and їх sensitivity to different groups of antibacterial preparations.

The specificity (improvement of the fact that the bacterium - gonococcus) was detected by microscopy reaches 90%, which, given the positive result of the analysis, does not require any other diagnostic methods.

After the analysis, the patient is given a form, in which it is indicated, gonococcus was detected in a smear. If bacteria are found, then the special column should have a “+” sign. And if the result of the analysis for gonorrhea is negative, then the laboratory assistant write that gonococi were not detected and put a dash in the graph. Some doctors write “the smear revealed gram-negative diplococci” or “there were Neisser's gonococi” and the Latin shorthand “gn +”. It is also worth noting about the presence of gonorrhea in a smear.

back to the “Gonorrhea” section back to the “Gonorrhea” section

2. Soak the selected instruments for 1 year in 1% lyzafine until completely dulled

3. Rinse them with running water with a stretch of 1 hvilini

4. Lay the tools in a flickering gap for 15 fibers

5. Rinse them with running water, and then wash them around with distilled water

6. Wipe the tools dry with sterile ganchirka and lay them out for sets

A set of tools for piece abortion:

Rozshiryuvach Gegara for the numbers

Women's metal boat

6. Curl up the leather in a bag and place it in a bag for dry autoclaving

Soak vikoristana ganchira in 1% lyzafina for 60 min.

Soak the tray with 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

Take and soak the mask in 1% lizafin for 60 minutes.

8. Processing of hands on a hygienic level

"Technique for taking smears on flora"

Indications: smears are taken during prophylactic examinations - 2 times for cancer, in case of gynecological illnesses, in all women, in women, if they need to go to the gynecological hospital for surgery and conservative treatment

Equipment: a gynecological chair, a sterile probe, a spoon "Folkman"

tweezers - 2 pcs., forceps, sterile bags, a chair, often a mirror, object errors, mittens, bix with sterile linings, bix with stylish ganchirka, a tray, containers with 1% lizafin, 3% lizafin.

2. With sterile tweezers, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and place it on the gynecological chair

4. First, take smears from the urethra

5. The first portion of the urethra is taken with a cotton bag

6. Into the urethra at a depth of 1-1.5 cm, insert a stinging probe and remove the material lightly and apply it on the object in front of a mug with a hole: І

7. Insert a mirror into the pikhva, expose the cervix

8. Wipe the cervix with an open bag

9. Using a thin probe or a Folkman spoon, take smears from the cervical canal, penetrating to a depth of 1 cm and lightly scuffing, take the material and apply on the object with a visible stroke with an eye: C

10. Let's take the vision from the back crypt with tweezers, apply it on the subject with an eye

12. Direct direct to the laboratory

Mirror, tweezers, cortsang, fluted probe, soak tray in 1% lizafin for 60 strands

Soak the finished bags in 1% lizafina for 60 quills

Soak the pelushka in 1% lyzafina for 60 quills

Obrobit in 1% retail lyzafina gynecological chair

Soak ganchira in 1% lizafina for 60 quills

Remove and soak the mittens in 1% lyzafina for 60 quills

"Technique for taking smears for oncocytology"

Indications: smears are taken during preventive examinations, gynecological illnesses.

Contraindications: smears are taken during preventive examinations, with gynecological illnesses

Equipped with: gynecological chair, gynecological probe, Volkmann's spoon, tweezers-2, sterile bags, mittens, a mirror chair, an object glass, a box with sterile pads, a box with a steel ganchirka, a tray, a container of 3%

1. Hygiene dressing of hands, put on sterile gloves

3. Ask the woman to lie down on an armchair, on her back, her legs bent in knees and dig into her leggings

5. Using a probe, take a smear from the cervical canal penetrating to a depth of 1 cm, apply the material on the object with a visible stroke with an eye:

6. Let's take the vision from the back crypt with Volkmann's spoon and apply it on the subject with a smear: V

Mirror, tweezers, probe, Volkmann's spoon, soak the tray in 1% lyzafina for 60 strands

In 1% of lizafina I will add a pelushka for 60 quills

Gynecological chair with 1% lyzafina

Soaked ganchira in 1% lyzafina for 60 quilins

Take out and soak the mittens in 1% lyzafina for 60 quills

"Technique for taking smears for colpocytology"

Equipment: gynecological chair, Volkmann's spoon, stool partly mirror, tweezers-2, object glass, sterile bags, mittens, bix with sterile pads, bix with sterile ganchirka, tray, containers of 1%, 3% of items

1. Hygienic treatment of hands, put on sterile gloves

2. With sterile tweezers, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and place it on the gynecological chair

3. Ask the woman to lie down on an armchair, on her back, her legs bent in knees and dig into her leggings

4. Insert a mirror into the pikhva, expose the cervix

5. Smears are taken with a Volkmann spoon from the side crypts of the pikhvi and applied with an equal ball on the subject

6. Take swabs for three months on 6-12-16-20-25 days of the menstrual cycle

7.Smears are hung and sent to the laboratory with direct direct

Mirror, tweezers, Volkmann's spoon, soak the tray in 1% of roses for lizafin for 60 min.

Soak the bags in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

Soak the pelyushka in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

A gynecological chair was obtained 1% of the cost of Lyzafin for the 60th century.

Take and soak mittens in 1% lyzafina for 60 min.

9. Obrobka hands on a hygienic level

"Technique for setting vaginal baths"

Contraindication: malignant swelling

Equipment: a gynecological chair, a chair, often a mirror, sterile cotton bags, mittens, a mask, bix with sterile pearls, bix with sterile ganchirka, a tray, medicinal supplies, zastosovuvani for baths, forceps, tweezers, containers with 1% roses, 3 permanganate: 6000

2. With sterile tweezers, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and place it on the gynecological chair

8. Pour in a liquor liquor, pidgrit up to 37 C-20-25ml

9. The procedure is three times 15-20 minutes.

10. Then, having screwed up the mirror down, they see the cracks in the pikhvi

11. Wipe pihva with a dry cotton swab

12. Dzerkalo winyaguyut. The woman gets up from the armchair

14. Obrobka hands on a hygienic level

"Technique for introducing tampons"

Indication: gynecological disease

Equipment: Equipment: a gynecological chair, a chair, a mirror, sterile cotton bags, mittens, a mask, a bix with sterile pelushkas, a bix with sterile ganchirs, a tray, medicinal supplies, a place to zasosovyvaetsya for pikhvovy tampons, forceps, ptunchetsetganu, containers l_ potassium 1:6000

1. Hygiene dressing of hands, put on sterile gloves and a mask

2. With sterile tweezers, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and place it on the gynecological chair

3. Ask the woman to lie down on the gynecological chair, on the back, her legs bent in the knees and rest against the footmuff

4. Obmit zvnіshnі stateevі organi roznatіy potassium permanganate 1:6000

5. Use the thumbs and thumbs of the left hand to spread the lips

6. With the right hand, insert the chair into the mirror at the pіhvu, open the chairs

7.Clean the fur with a cotton swab in sight

8. Kortsang to enter with a tampon, wetting with a medicinal product

9. Put a swab up to the cervix or insert it into the posterior vaginal seal

10. Carefully pull the vaginal speculum, and then forceps

11. Kіntsi tasomki, like bandaging a tampon, get rid of the call

12. The woman gets up from the armchair

Soak the cotton wool bags in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

Tweezers, cornetsang, mirror, tray, soak the padded pelyushka in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

Get a gynecological chair 1% of the cost of lyzafina for the 60th century.

Soak the soaked ganchirka in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

Soak the mask in 1% lizafin for 60 minutes.

14. Obrobka hands on a hygienic level

"Technique pіhvovih syringing"

Indication: gynecological disease

Contraindication: malignant neoplasm

Equipment: gynecological chair, cotton bags, tweezers, cortsangs-2 pieces, mittens, mask, Esmarch's kitchenette, medical supplies, what to put in for douching, a set of sterile pelushkas, a set of sterile ganchirka, a tray, є1% of potassium permanganate 1:6000, syringe tips

1. Hygiene dressing of hands, put on sterile gloves and a mask

2. With a sterile tweezer, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and place it on the gynecological

3. Ask the woman to lie down on the gynecological chair, on the back, her legs bent in the knees and rest against the footmuff

4. Obmit zvnіshnі statevі organi roznacheny potassium permangant 1:6000

5. Place the cup for douching on a special tripod no lower than 50 cm above the woman’s body level

6. Pour into a sterile kitchen a medicinal product, temperature up to 36-37 C, in quantity 500-600 ml

7. Raise the great statues of ruin

8. Drop a small amount of water out of the tube for remote inspection of the difference that you reached at the tube

9. Insert the tip for douching at the pihva along the back wall to a depth of 4-5 cm and connect it with a gum tube

10. When douching, it is necessary to periodically change the position of the tip

11. Finish douching, pull the tip

12. Lightly dry the fur with a sterile cotton swab.

13. The woman gets up from the armchair

Soak the cotton wool bags in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

Soak tweezers, cornetsang, mirror, tray, padded pelyushka, tip, Esmarch's cup in 1% lyzafina for 60 min.

Get a gynecological chair 1% of the cost of lyzafina for the 60th century.

Soak the soaked ganchirka in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

Soak the mask in 1% lizafin for 60 minutes.

15. Obrobka hands on a hygienic level

"Vimiryuvannya basal temperature"

Indication: to assess the functional activity of the ovaries

1. The basal temperature (temperature in the rectum) of the woman is self-sustaining, not getting up from the bed, with a thermometer, which is taken at 2% of the amount of soda, with a stretch of 10 hvilin-3 months

2. After the temperature is controlled with a thermometer, miyut under running water with sweet and place at 2% of soda

3. The basal temperature during a normal overshoot of the menstrual cycle is biphasic: in the first phase, the cycle is 36.3-36.8C, which is associated with the influx of estrogen, in the other, the phase moves up to 37-37.3C, under the influence of progesterone

4. With the presence of ovulation, the basal temperature is single-phase, monotonous

5. Recording the temperature record, and then adjusting the temperature curve

6. Processing of hands on a hygienic level

"Palpation of the breast"

Equipment: Disposable gynecological sets.

1. Hygienic dressing of hands.

2. Palpation of the milk duct is carried out in the position of the patient standing, lying on her back and on her hips.

3. Palpation is carried out with an open palm or with a fingertip.

4. Palpation is carried out behind the year's arrow, circular ruhs: stitch the skin quadrant, the area of ​​the nipple-areolar complex, the area of ​​the submammary fold.

5. Palpation of lymph nodes: above and subclavian, inguinal, edge of the shoulder blades.

6. Infection safety:

- dressing of the couch with 1% lyzafin

7. Obrobka of hands on a hygienic level.

"Schiller test technique"

Indication: cervical infection

Equipped with: gynecological chair, tweezers - 2, sterile bags, mittens, a chair with a mirror, bix with sterile gantry, tray, Lugol's designs, containers with 1% lysophine, a set of sterile pads, (disposable gynecological).

2. With sterile tweezers, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and place it on the gynecological chair.

3. Ask the woman to lie down on an armchair, on her back, her legs bent in the knees, resting on the leg warmers.

4. The cervix of the uterus is exposed for the help of a mirror.

5. clean the cervix from the mucus with a sterile swab.

6. Bring a tampon to the cervix, lightly urinate with Lugol's rose and leave it for 1 min.

7. After 1 min. The tampon is removed and the tissue contamination is assessed.

8. A constant epidemic, which is enough to avenge glycogen, step by step turns into a dark brown color.

9. Pathological patches due to lack of glycogen in the Lugol variety are not fermented and are seen on a brown background in the presence of light-colored patches of different colors - in light-brown to well-unaffected.

10. The reaction is considered to be iodine-positive in the presence of even dark-brown fermentation, and iodine-negative for the presence of light-colored woods.

11. Win the mirror, the woman gets up from the armchair.

- Wet the cotton wool bags soaked in 1% lyzafina for 60 min.

- Tweezers, a mirror, a tray, a padded pelyushka soaked in 1% lizafina for 60 min.

- Obrobka gynecological chair 1% retail lizafin

- Soak the ganchirka and mittens in 1% rozchinі lizafinu for 60 min.

13. Obrobka of hands on a hygienic level.

"Puncture of the empty stomach through the back crypt of the pikhvi"

Indications: in case of suspected pozamatkovu vagisti, scho interrupted, ovarian anoplexy, for taking exudate from the empty stomach.

Contraindication: severe camp of ailments

Equipment: odnostolkovі mirrors, sterile bags, mask, gloves, needle for puncture, 10 gram syringe, alcohol 70%, alcohol-based

Iodine 3%, tweezers - 2, bix with sterile pelyushki, bix with sterile ganchirka, tray, containers with 1%, 3% lyzafina, Muzo tweezers.

1. Hygienic dressing of hands, put on sterile gloves and a mask.

2. With sterile tweezers, take a pelyushka and place it on a gynecological chair.

3. Ask the woman to lie down on the gynecological chair, on her back, her legs bent in knees and dig into the leg warmers.

4. Zovnіshnі statevі organs are treated with 3% alcohol-based iodine.

5. Introduce stool parts of the mirror into the pikhva, expose the cervix.

6. The cervix is ​​sprinkled with alcohol.

7. Clamp the posterior lip of the cervix with cusp tongs and pull it up to the front (to the symphosis).

8. Put a needle on the syringe for puncture.

9. The protocol is carried out at the center of the back crypt on a depth of 1-2 div.

10. Instead of an empty cervix, remove the return stroke of the syringe plunger.

11. After curing the neck, the puncture site should be coated with 3% alcohol-based iodine.

13. The woman is transported to the ward on a wheelchair.

14. Infection safety:

- Soak the cotton wool bags in 1% lyzafina for 60 minutes.

- Tweezers, tweezers Muzo, syringe, needle, tray, paddock soaked in 1% retail for 60 min.

- Obrobiti gynecological chair 1% lyzafina.

- Soak the dressing in 1% lyzafina for 60 min., mask, mittens, soak in 1% lyzafina for 60 min.

Dressing of hands on a hygienic level

"Take smears for gonorrhea with provocation"

Indications: gynecological disease, confirmation of the criterion of disease

Equipped with: Volkmon's spoon, fluted probe, tweezers-2 pcs., Korntsang, sterile cotton bags, chair-part mirror, object glass, bix with sterile pelyushki, bix with sterile ganchirkoy, tray-2 pcs., mittens, 1.3% lyzafinu .

Provocation - the whole piece of ignition of the ignition process.

Stop using the following methods of provocation:

Physiological - the days of menstruation.

Biological - introduction of gonovaccine, pyrogenal

Thermal - thermal procedure

Mechanical - gynecological massage

Chemistry - dressing of the cervical canal, urethra with 3% nitric acid.

Illness should be requested on the last day of menstrual vision, some method of provocation should be taken in 24-48-72 years to take smears from the urethra, cervical canal and rectum. Ailment can urinate for 1.5-2 years. Smears are taken 3 days after the stretch of three cycles. In case of negative results of all smears, the woman is considered healthy and is taken from the dispensary appearance.

1. Hygienic dressing of hands, put on sterile gloves.

4. Take swabs from the urethra on the back. For this, with a finger, insert it at the pihva, lightly massage the anterior wall of the pikha in the area of ​​the urethra.

5. The first portion of the urethra is taken with a cotton bag.

6. Insert Volkmon’s spoon into the urethra at a depth of 1-1.5 cm and lightly scuff the material and apply it on the subject with the “U” sign

7. Introduce a speculum at the pihu, expose the cervix

8. Wipe the cervix with a cotton ball

9. Take a swab from the cervical canal with the last tip of Volkmon's spoon, penetrating to a depth of 1 cm and take the material with light scuff marks and apply on the object with a visible stroke with the sign "C"

10. Let's take the vision from the back crypt with tweezers, put it on the subject with the “V” sign

11. From the rectum, take a swab of the chin with a probe and apply it on the subject with the sign "R"

13. Direct direct to the laboratory

14. Infection safety:

¾ Mirror, tweezers, Volkmon's spoon, cortsang, fluted probe, soak tray in 3% lyzafina for 60 strands

15. Obrobka hands on a hygienic level

Indications: suspicion of malignant process in cervical dilatation, hysterectomy, and ovarian organs.

Equipment: odnostolkovі dzorkala, kulovі nippers - 2 pcs, scalpel (conchotomy), cortsang, golkotrimach, neck, suture material (catgut), tweezers - 2 pcs, sterile cotton bags, mittens, mask, bix with sterile pellets, Tray - 2 pcs , containers with 1%, 3% lizafin, vial with 5% formalin, 5% tincture of iodine.

Biopsy - in the presence of a small piece of tissue taken for further histological follow-up.

1. Hygienic dressing of hands, put on sterile gloves.

2. With sterile tweezers, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and lay it on the gynecological chair.

3. Ask the woman to lie down on an armchair, on her back, her legs bent in the knees and rest on the leg warmers.

4. Introduce stool parts of the mirror into the pikhva, expose the cervix.

5. The cervix is ​​treated with 5% iodine solution.

6. Shiyka is choked in two places with cusp forceps so that the yard, which takes a biopsy, was between them with cusp forceps.

7. From a suspected woman, a wedge-shaped little piece is seen with a scalpel, which is guilty of revenge not only on the damaged tissue, but on a part of the healthy tissue.

8. Knotted catgut sutures are applied to the wound.

9. Treat the wound with 5% iodine solution.

10. The material is placed in a vial containing 5% formalin.

11. Directly on the histological report, they indicate: name, name, father’s name, age of the patient, address, clinical diagnosis and nature of the material to be sent.

12. Infection safety:

¾ Mirror, tweezers, pincers, scalpel, cortsang, golkootrimuvach, soak the neck in 3% lyzafina for 60 strands

¾ Soak the pelushka in 1% lyzafina for 60 fibers

¾ Soak the dried bags in 3% lizafina for 60 strands

¾ The gynecological chair was processed with 1% lyzafina dvіchі with an interval of 15 hvilin

¾ Drigach soak in 1% lizafina for 60 quills

¾ Take and soak the mittens in 1% lizafina for 60 quills

13. Obrobka hands on a hygienic level

Indications for tight tamponade:

¾ Bleeding from an empty uterus with a method of thymic bleed;

¾ Bleeding from the cervix: with erosion, with cervical cancer

Indications for downy tamponade:

¾ Preoperative preparation before the operation "extirpation of the uterus"

¾ With acute inflammation of the sharply expressed pain syndrome with a method of weakening pain in case of ailments

Equipment: double mirrors, cortsang - 2 pcs, tweezers - 2 pcs, sterile gauze tampon, mittens, mask, sterile cotton bags, bix with sterile pelushki, bix with sterile ganchirka, tray - 2 pcs, containers with 1% lyzafinu, solution for potassium permanganate 1:6000

1. Hygienic dressing of hands, put on sterile gloves.

2. With sterile tweezers, take a sterile pelushka from the bix and lay it on the gynecological chair.

3. Ask the woman to lie down on an armchair, on her back, her legs bent in the knees and rest on the leg warmers.

4. Combine the standard organochemical composition with potassium permanganate 1:6000.

5. Introduce a mirror at the pihvu

6. Clean the fur with a cotton swab in the blood

7. For help with tweezers or forceps, step by step tightly or fluffy fill the empty bag with a sterile swab.

8. In case of bleeding, they try to make sure that the bandage is removed dry, the meta has already been reached.

9. Infection safety:

¾ Mirror, tweezers, cortsang, soak in 3% lizafina for 60 strands

¾ Soak the pelushka in 1% lyzafina for 60 fibers

¾ Soak the dried bags in 3% lizafina for 60 strands

¾ The gynecological chair was processed with 1% lyzafina dvіchі with an interval of 15 hvilin

¾ Drigach soak in 1% lizafina for 60 quills

¾ Take and soak the mittens in 1% lizafina for 60 quills

¾ Remove and soak the mask in 1% lyzafina for 60 strands

10. Obrobka hands on a hygienic level

1. Forms of gonorrhea in people
2. Analysis and diagnostic methods
3. Preparation before taking a smear
4. Microbiological diagnostics
5. Molecular genetic methods
6. Serological method
7. Immunofluorescence method
8. Immunoenzymatic method
9. Prevention of gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a venereal disease caused by gonococcal infection. It is transmitted on an exclusive basis through a path in the form of an ailing partner. Oskіlki zhіnki endure ailments mayzha without any signs, the stink itself is the main carriers. It is possible to reveal the alarm by conducting analysis and diagnosing gonorrhea in people, as a rule, it is so. The laboratory examination of smears itself can give a clear indication of what caused the unacceptable symptoms.

Viklikano is infected with gonococcus, which attacks the mucous membrane of the sebaceous system. Some first symptoms appear three days after an unprotected contact.

People have three forms of illness:

In the hostile form, gonorrhea is manifested by clearly pronounced symptoms, and by itself purulent visions of the urethra, liver and pain during sechotomy. The latent form of the disease can be asymptomatic, or the signs are weak.

In order to make a diagnosis of gonorrhea, it is necessary to detect gonococa in the body of a person who is ill. The accuracy of the diagnosis depends on which one, which stage of the illness.

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For the establishment of an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a deep analysis of blood and section

The gostra form allows you to quickly reveal the alarm in smears and sound at this stage of testing one laboratory analysis. If a person has been wounded by the help of an hour of a chronic latent illness, then a sprat of additional methods of follow-up is assigned to that person. Diagnosis of gonorrhea includes the selection of a report history and the recognition of a number of tests, to which blood and urethral smears can be examined. Let's start with laboratory procedures and we can accurately diagnose the presence of gonorrhea in people in 90% of cases. The following analyzes are mainly prescribed:

• global blood tests and sections;
• follow-up smear;
• polymerase Lanzug reaction (PLR);
• lanzug reaction (LLR);
• susceptibility to antibiotics

In order to make the diagnosis as accurate as possible, before taking the material for further investigation, it is necessary to take it seriously. Іsnuє a number of singing preparatory moments, yakі likar recommends vikonati. So, how to take a smear for gonorrhea in a general order, to induce no obvious symptoms of illness, but to help reveal the alarm at the stage of the incubation period. If a person is not able to steal articles of contact, such an analysis will help, in the case of a gonococcus, more often than not.

To try a smear for gonorrhea, as a rule, from the wound, it is necessary to get ready for the new one the day before. As if for any reason, a person takes antibiotics, then they should take it. At any time, it is impossible to get used to alcohol. Bazhano vodmovitsya in statutory contact. In addition, 3 years before the procedure, it is recommended not to urinate. Hygiene of the organs of the body is carried out in the evening, without a break before taking a smear. It is not possible to ignore these simple rules, the shards in them to determine the accuracy of the diagnosis. And tse means that it will be recognized in its own time that correctly exuberant.

The algorithm for taking a smear for gonorrhea in people is simple. At the sechivnik, special appointments for the analysis of the probe are introduced, for which, after the examination, the biomaterial is left. We gave the material to be transferred to the subject and transferred to the laboratory for follow-up. A smear from the urethra is taken to be the same, if the rotten vision is cleared. One rotten vision is not enough for a well-conducted analysis.

The Danish type of diagnostics helps to identify and identify the type of sick person. Before microbiological methods, there are cultural and bacterioscopic methods.

1. The bacterioscopic method, which is the most wide-ranging, allows you to add smears specially prepared with aniline barvniks for the help of a microscope. Zavdyaki youmu shows the presence of pathogenic microflora. To conduct such a diagnosis, a smear for gonorrhea in people is taken mainly from the urethra. Sounds, if the gonococcus has been shown in the final material, additional methods are not needed. Bacterioscopy can be done in a simple way of diagnosis, but if you don’t start the disease, you can make a diagnosis, because the microorganisms do not show up. After that, as soon as the biological material is taken, it is prepared to be carried out for additional fermentation, as it is carried out with a special methylene blue design. With this, the bacteria are taken in a barn, and they become visible when viewed under a microscope. Another reliable method of smear follow-up is phlebotomy for Gram. Vіn allows you to show the zmіshan flora, with which the gonococci will be clearly seen. Under the hour of the gonococcus method, they turn into an erysipelas color, and the whole flory is blue.
2. The cultural method of diagnostics is based on the fact that the final material is placed in a special medium, in which microorganisms establish colonies every hour. By the end of the year, the culture is kept and determined, which is the very type of bacteria present in the smear. Using this method, gonorrhea is diagnosed with an accuracy of 99.9%. The only shortcoming of the technique is an hour, which is required for growing the colony. Ring out, borrow no less than a day. For a long period of time, the illness is not carried out correctly, and illness can go into a chronic form.

Analysis of building PLR to detect gonorrhea alarm clock with high accuracy

Every once in a while, after carrying out the investigations, all the same, there are some doubts in making the correct diagnosis. It should be indicated for chronic forms of illness, if the clinical form is affected and there are no clear symptoms. At this point of view, the PLR ​​and LCR come to the rescue. The stench of the building will reveal the gonorrhea alarm clock with high accuracy. The offenses of the technique are based on the genetic traces of gonorrhea found in the biological material. Such analyzes do not take a lot of time and are sensitive.

Call the results of the analysis ready for production, the accuracy of the indicators should be 90 to 95%. For the help of polymerase and ligamentous lanceolate reaction, the disease is manifested in the early stages, when there are no more pronounced symptoms, as well as in chronic gonorrhea.

Ale, no matter what happens, PLR and LCR toil their shortcomings. In the first place, qi analyzes can reach a high price. In a different way, they are not carried out at ordinary laboratories, shards require special equipment. Thirdly, it is the brothers of highly qualified fahivets who are responsible for taking the material for further investigation, and they have low special powers.

In the diagnosis of gonorrhea, an important role is played by the laboratory investigation of sirowort. Tse ranks serological method. For the analysis, it is necessary to collect venous blood, for which a sirovatka is seen. This method is called the Bordet-Jangu reaction. Vykoristovuyut tsyu technique as well as PLR, in the diagnosis of chronic gonorrhea or stages of the incubation period.

Serological diagnosis is carried out infrequently. This method wins a greater additional role. There are times when there are no positive results after the decision of all analyses. The essence of the method is based on the authority of the antigen+antibody fixing complement, which is known to the free country.

The analysis is carried out in two stages:

• sedimentation of antibodies on the surface of the antigen;
• a significant reaction of the half-life with the addition of an indicator, in the role of such an active hemolytic system (the process of hemolysis).

The results are evaluated on the basis of whether complement fixation was recognized by the immune system. A positive reaction is important in times, as the complement is fixed, and hemolysis is not observed. Tse means that the blood has a presence of a foreign antigen. Although there is no complement fixation, the process of hemolysis is successfully developed, and the reaction is considered negative.

The Danish method of diagnostics does not become especially complicated. Follow-up of the smear applied on the subject is carried out and preparations are made for examination under a microscope. The preparation of the drug is based on the fact that it is heated over an alcohol lamp and brewed with methylene blue. After that, a special warehouse is applied, which may be fluorescent building, so that the light will be promoted. Prepared in this way, the subject skeltse is placed under a microscope and directed to a new light. When viewed, one can clearly see pathogenic microorganism, as they are a group of crowds that shine.

The beginnings of this method can reveal antibodies that are viroblyayutsya in the case of the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms into the body. In case of this antibody count, it is specific to a specific skin alarm. Therefore, when diagnosing vicarious, antibodies are used, which are suitable for the given disease.

Pіslya moreover, like a buv vykonany parkan doslіdzhuvannogo material (for the analysis of vykoristovuyut krov), yоo pom_shchayut have prepared a capacity for vіdstoyuvannya. On the walls of containers, apply piecewise growth of antibodies in front, with some kind of blood reacting for a long period of exposure.

At the next stage, the material is poured into another container, and the walls of the container are thoroughly rinsed to remove antibodies from them, as they did not bind with antigens. After that, a special enzyme preparation is added, which can change the color to the extent of unbound antibodies. The concentration of antibodies and antigens should be carried out using the colorimetric method.

The minus of this technique is that it does not indicate the presence of gonococci, but only the immune response of the human body to the presence of a bug with distant vibrations of antibodies. Indicators of this analysis can speak about those, that the patient was earlier ill with triper and there are traces of infection in the blood. But, regardless of the price, such an analysis can be carried out for diagnostic purposes, because if gonococcus is present in the organism, then the concentration of associated antigens will be even higher.

So, like a sick person, drinking at the ranks of the middle, swidko gyne, then the only way of infection is not to steal an act from an ailing partner. Therefore, the main preventive approaches are the condom insertion and the total exclusion of sexual intercourse. This is what primary prevention is called.

Even though all the same, non-protection of the articles of contact became, and a person of incompetence in the order of the partner, then there is a secondary prevention of the cure of medical problems. For whom it is necessary to protract the first time, after sex, turn to a venereologist, which is to be recognized as a good result after the analysis, which confirms the illness.

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• constant pain in the lower abdomen, scrotum;
• difficulty of cutting;
• Sexual dysfunction.

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