At this criminal and political reference of 1937, de "locomotive" marshal of the Radyansky Union M. M. Tukhachevsky, navit nefahіvets to commemorate the obvious nіsenіtnitsі. The accusatory vinaigrette includes styles that didn’t fit one by one and superbly ingredients, which involuntarily come to the visnovka about the locking nature of this process.

At the same time, it’s obvious that those who Tukhachevsky was an indefatigable, unruly military leader and having voluntarily decided to develop the Robotic-Selyansk Chervonoy Army (Red Army) did not hesitate to think of kerivnitstva. What did I pay for.

Why did they call them

Krіm M. M. Tukhachevsky, the past first intercessor of the People's Commissar of Defense of the SRSR (Voroshilov), and at the time of arrest the commander of the Volzsky military district, among the accused were 7 commanders of the armies and commanders. Ya. B. Gamarnik, the head of the Political Department of the RSCHA, did not have a chance to sit on the bench of the judges - he shot himself to the very beginning of the active phase of the investigation.

The list of accusations against the representatives of the supreme command warehouse of the Chervonoi Army, including a few points, including spivpratsy with the fascist Nazi Germany, preparation of terrorist attacks against members of the order of the country, as well as a sovereign military coup. “Before buying” Tukhachevsky, “companions” called in contacts with the already defamated “enemies of the people” Trotsky, Bukharin, Rykov and others - and “attached” nibito also took an active part in the military malices that were accused.

Stalin took the most active fate from the unraveled "zmovnitsky" ball. Vlasne, Vіn i bv the head zakopernik of the process. The unnecessary to the court of Bulo is Slokano Rosshitiya Viedannya Vіskovo for the sake of the drug addict of the defense of the SRSR, de Stalin, saying about those, now it’s unlikely, Cho Malyi Skhodo Nayanovosti-Fully, Zmovy, so Bagato, showed the accusations of the accusations. Tobto Stalin himself was far behind, before the trial, vinіs simu pіdlіdnim accusatory virok and along the way he was talking, on some "obvious facts" there was a call - on the witnesses of the accusers themselves and those words "svіdkіv". Like in the 1930s, the SRSR saw similar “facts” and what’s more, now it’s zagalnovidomo.

How the bottoms were spun

"Knocking" on the opposition of Tukhachevsky was raised back before the trial on the 37th - even in the 20th years; The information, more importantly, came from the agents of the Radianian special services. Part of the participants in the trial was arrested for similar calls in 1936, but until the song hour on Tukhachevsky and "podilnikov" they did not give evidence. It is noteworthy that almost 7 years before Tukhachevsky's right, the marshal was presented with practically identical calls. Aleto, according to the will of Stalin Mikhail Mikolayovich, it was true.

In 1937, the ranks of the higher echelon of the RSCA began to wander around with personnel changes and other exchanges. Zokrem, Tukhachevsky was not allowed in before the planned overseas trip. On the new one, give a certificate to the low number of officials of the NKVS, and on that hour, the last ones. The commanders of the RSCA have been arrested. Gamarnik shot himself. All tsі podії are pressed at the hour interval at 2 - 3 months.

The investigation and court at the “right of Tukhachevsky” boulevard was short - less than a month long. Moreover, the judiciary did not reduce the right to lawyers and to defamation. And he would be guilty, as if he had voiced the “father of the people” in advance, including at the meetings of the accusations (he edited Stalin especially). Before that, from the materials, rightly so, hostility was created, that the yakbi of the courts inquired about us being buried in the land of the planet, then the stench of whom they knew would be absurd - the protocol self-flagellation of the number of workers of the Red Army looked absurd.

At the shortest term, all convicts were shot.

Chi spіvpratsyuvav Tukhachevsky from the Germans

The first conspiracy version about the contacts of M. M. Tukhachevsky with the command of the Nazi Germany. According to one of the hypotheses, Stalin was handed over to Stalin through third parties materials that compromised the marshal, according to others, the documents were falsified. None of these, nor more, is not known, to that, on this day, neither the "documents" themselves, nor the "fakes", nor the expert vysnovki from these papers (like the stench in the fire of the small place) are not publicized.

Natomist іsnuіє ofіtsіyna “Review of the Commission of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union “On the revision of the calls presented in 1937 by the judicial and party bodies of the TT. Тухачевському, Якіру, Уборевичу та іншим військовим діячам, у зраді Батьківщини, терорі та військовій змові», згідно з якою, зокрема, покроково спростовуються всі звинувачення у співпраці маршала та інших засуджених з фашистською Німеччиною, що будувалися, головним чином, на власних їхнього верховного "Chief Editor".

What is bula zmova?

Yak is already bold, with analiza of the criminal Tukhachevsky, such a cereal of the colish, the primary, the obstacle of the Matteriyal on the Syogodnishi day, Vyliva, the Zdodo Tukhachevsky, the “subinel” was naughty. Even if the queen of proofs was guilty of guilt, and for the obviousness of others it was not vymagalos. The indications were shaken, the last ones were tormented and rolled in different, sometimes the most subtle ways.

One thing is clear (and from the materials, the trend is clear): Marshal Tukhachevsky, having successively carried out the line of reorganization of the Red Army at the link with the threat of the SRSR, which appeared, from the side of Nimechchini, and timidly, unconcernedly, unconcerned with the thought of the former. Such a viscochka did not rule anyone - nor Stalin, who gave the honor to the impeccable order and servility, but Voroshilov, who was close to the military science, people’s defense commissar Voroshilov, who was credited to the repressions of dozens of commanders of the Red Army at the 37th rotation.

This process will take you to history under the name "Fix Tukhachevsky." Vono viniklo 11 months before the end of the viroku at the linden of 1936. Through Czech diplomats, Stalin took data about those who the middle of the Chervonoy army’s army is calling for a change from the intercessor of the people’s commissar of defense, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, and that the builders are staying at the contact with the leading generals of the German high command and the German military service. The dossier was handed over for confirmation, stolen SS security services in which they avenged documents of a special department "K" - a camouflaged organization of the Reichswehr, as it was engaged in the production of weapons and ammunition, fenced by the Treaty of Versailles. The dossier replaced records of conversations between German officers and representatives of the Ryansk command, including the protocols of negotiations from Tukhachevsky. From these documents, a criminal was opened on the right under the mental name “Zmov General Turguev” (the pseudonym of Tukhachevsky, under the name of wine on the cob of the 30s of the last century, having come to Nіmechchini with an official military delegation).

Today in the liberal press, the version about those who became the “bad Stalin” has been expanded victim of a provocation by the special services of the fascist Nazi Germany, they planted fabricated documents about the “summation in the Chervoniya Army” with the method of decapitation Radiansky Zbroyny forces ahead of the war.

I had a chance to learn from Tukhachevsky's criminal justice, but there was no confirmation of the version. I will start from the knowledge of Tukhachevsky himself. The first letter of declaration of the marshal after his arrest was dated May 26, 1937. Vіn writing to the people's commissar of internal affairs Yezhov: “Being arrested on the 22nd of May, having arrived in Moscow on the 24th, I first received food on the 25th and today, on the 26th of January, I declare that I recognize the presence of the anti-radian buv on choli yogo. Zobov'yazuyusya independently to the investigation everything that is necessary to see, not prihovayuchi no one from yogo uchasnikiv, zhavuyuchi fact that document. Podstava zmovi lie down until 1932. They took their fate from someone else: Feldman, Alafuzov, Primakov, Putna and others, which I will report dodatkovo.” To drink with the people's commissar of internal affairs, Tukhachevsky rose up: “As early as 1928, I was drawn into the right organization by Enukidze. In 1934, the roci I made a special contact with Bukharin; with them, I installed a spy link from 1925 to the fate, if I traveled to Nimechchin for training and maneuvers ... When I traveled to London in 1936, Putna ruled me after Sedov (syn L.D. Trotsky. - S.T.). ."

And at the criminal record and earlier collected on the Tukhachevsky material, as if their time was not given to the move. For example, a wedding dated 1922 for two officers who served in the past in the tsarist army. They called him the stench of their anti-radian activity… Tukhachevsky. Copies of the protocols for drinking supplements were added to Stalin, who sent them to Ordzhonikidze with such a rich note: “Please, be aware. The reaction of Ordzhonikidze is not at home - wine, perhaps, not having believed the slander. Another note: at the People's Commissariat for the military and maritime rights, the secretary of the party committee of the Zahidny military district complained about Tukhachevsky (incorrectly placed before the communists, immoral behavior). Ale, People's Commissar M. Frunze slammed the resolution on the information: "The Party believed Comrade Tukhachevsky, believe and believe." Tsіkava vypiska zі svіdchen zareshtovannogo brigade commander Medvedev about those who scho you in 1931 became "visible" about the establishment of the counter-revolutionary Trotskyist organization in the central administrations of the Red Army. 13 Herbaline 1937 Roku єzhov Zaarastvuvuvov, Kolishnoy associate of Dzerzhinsky A. Artuzov, showing that showing, in INFORMASIA, Scho above the 1931 Rotsi Zhmecchini, rolled about Zmova in the Chervoni Kerivnitsy, the generals of Turgov (pseudo -tuhachov) Yezhov's supporter Yagoda, saying the same thing: "This is not a serious material, put it in the archives."

After the end of the Great Witches War, fascist documents became the leading documents with assessments by Tukhachevsky. The axis of action is from them.

Tsikavyiy schodennikovy note of Goebbels dated January 8, 1943: "There was a conference of Reichsleiters and Gauleiters ... The Führer, having guessed the fall of Tukhachevsky, and having spoken the thought that we were completely wrong, if they believed, that in this way Stalin would survive. Stalin spared the opposition in the Red Army and, in such a rank, put an end to the blows.

At your speech in front of them Zhovtni born in 1943 SS Reichsführer Himmler stating: “If there were great show trials in Moscow, the tsarist cadet was slain, and then the big general Tukhachevsky and other generals, all in Europe, including us, members of the party and the SS, thought the system and Stalin here made one of their greatest pardons. Having assessed the situation in this way, we ourselves were greatly fooled. We can truthfully and vpevneno state about it. I respect that Russia did not see through the last two years of war - but at the same time on the third - yakby saved a lot of tsarist generals.

16 spring 1944 vіdbulasya rozmov between Himmler and General-Zradnik A.A. Vlasov, at the hour when Himmler asked Vlasov about the right of Tukhachevsky. Why did you recognize the failure? Vlasov vіdpovіv: "Tukhachevsky made the very pardon that your people 20 lime (swing at Hitler). Vіn not knowing the law of the masses." Tobto. And one and the other can't be missed.

AT in their own ways Lieutenant-General Pavlo Sudoplatov affirms: “The myth about the importance of the German intelligence before Stalin's crackdown on Tukhachevsky was first launched in 1939. defector V. Krivitsky, a large officer of the Rozvіdupra of the Chervonoy Army, at the book "I was an agent of Stalin." With all the faults, I relied on the white general Skoblin, a prominent agent of the INO NKVS among the white emigration. Skoblin, after the words of Krivitsky, was a double, a kind of pratsyuvav on a German exploration. Really, Skoblin is not a twin. On the right, the agency on the right will refute this version. Vigadka Krivitsky, who, having become a mentally unstable person in emigration, later won Schellenberg in his memoirs, attributing to himself the merit of falsifying Tukhachevsky's copy.

Navit yakbi Tukhachevsky appeared to be clean before the Radyansk government, I have shown such documents in his criminal justice, after knowing what kind of shooting he seems to be well deserved. I will bring some deeds from them.

At the birch tree of 1921, Tukhachevsky was appointed commander of the 7th army, directed to strangle the rebels in the garrison of Kronstadt. Before As you can see, it was drowned in blood.

In 1921 roci Radianska Russia the bula was shackled by anti-Radian rebels, the largest of which in European Russia was a peasant rebel near the Tambov province. Roztinyuyuchi Tambov stabbed like a serious nebezpeku, Politburo of the Central Committee on the cob of grass 1921 p. appointed Tukhachevsky as commander of the military district of the Tambov district from the head of the state to strangle yoga in the shortest term. Zgidno z razroblenim Tukhachevsky plan, the rebellion was basically strangled until the end of the fall of 1921.

From the instructions of Tukhachevsky

What was the right reason for the trial of 1937 fate over the participants of the Radian-German secret war? Now, did Stalin need unprecedented reprisals in the army, which sharply reduced his combativeness ahead of the war? What are the documents that discredit the command depot of the Chervonoy army, zanedbany to Moscow from Berlin? Chi bula really zmov in the People's Commissariat of Defense and like Hitler and Goebbels reacted to the execution of Marshal Tukhachevsky? The doctor of historical sciences, head of the Historical and Information Service of the Sovereign Hermitage, author of the book “Sworn Friendship. Secret spivpratsya SRSR and Nіmechchini 1920–1930s” Julia Kantor. "Lenta.ru" wrote down the main theses of the speech.

Viysk Alliance of Moscow and Berlin

The tragic events of 1937 were natural births of the events of 1917, if in Russia a political force came to power by a violent rank, which led the state. Through the first 20 years of the Radyansk rule, a power of a new type was step by step formed, de ideology introduced morality, and violence - law.

After the Zhovtnevogo coup in 1917, the revolution in Russia and the defeat of Germany in the First World War offended by the powers appeared in pairs in the new system of international money, which marked the beginning of the 1920s. One of the first diplomatic acts of Radyansk Russia was the Treaty of Rapall with Nimechchina, regulations at the quarter of 1922. For the Versailles peaceful land of Nimechchina, in the presence of the right of the mother, a strong army (the number of the Reichswehr was overwhelmed by 100 thousand inhabitants) and develop viysk science.

It’s not paradoxical, but in the Red Army at that time a similar situation developed: high-class military personnel either emigrated, or perished at the First Svitovіy and Gromadyansky viynakh, and the military specialists, who were left out, were among the number of non-royal royal officers. Everything was farther away from the secret military-technical practice between both countries, with which Nimechchina was destroying its own goiter and tribute to the world of Versailles.

Between the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s, three great Radian-Nimets military schools worked on the territory of the Radyansk Union: a platy in Lipetsk and a tank train near Kazan, as well as a testing ground for rubbish chemical speeches near Saratov. Let's expand our appearances in a superb way, the same spivrobnitstvo, which lasted for more than 15 years, brought melancholy not only to Germany, but also to the SRSR. During that hour, a small, but highly professional military team was formed at the Red Army, which was mainly formed from a large number of royal officers. The very people, like a little pre-revolutionary enlightenment, who took the fate of the First World and Gromadyansky wars and knew foreign language well, radian power spiraled in contacts with the German military. Obviously, military interaction with the Germans took place under the unwavering control of the security officers.

Tsіkavo, after coming to power at Nіmechchinі Hitler did not stumble. It has taken on other forms, having moved from the Russian sphere to the economic sphere, - the SRSR purchased from the Nimichchini technologies and possessions, supplying natural resources and food. Якщо у Радянському Союзі в 1937-1938 роках в армійській еліті було знищено майже всі, що мали відношення до радянсько-німецьких військово-технічних контактів, то в гітлерівській Німеччині в керівництві вермахту залишилися всі військові професіонали, чудово знайомі з Червоною армією та її специфікою. This made the tragedy of 1941 stronger.

If in 1935 the Soviet Socialist Republic was actively discussing a new doctrine of war, Moscow would be embarrassed about the residual choice of how to continue further spivpratsi with the Nazi Nimechchina. Найбільш компетентні з радянських військових керівників розуміли неминучість швидкого зіткнення (причому в тій самій коаліції, яка склалася в роки Другої світової війни) і тому доводили необхідність якнайшвидшого переозброєння Червоної армії, тоді як так звані «кінноти» на кшталт Ворошилова та Будьонного цьому всіляко проти .

Vіdomy vipadok, if Stalin in 1935 especially edited the article of Tukhachevsky in Pravda. The leader changed the heading of "Hitler's plans for the Great Patriotic War" to "The German plans for the Nazis", and removed from the text all the author's misunderstandings about the ideology of German Nazism.

Hibniy "Nimets slid"

Navit on zhahlivih reprisals of the radyansk authorities of the villagers, the intelligentsia, the church and the blame of the party opposition on the right about the so-called "viysk-fascist movement in the red army" stand okremo. The downtrodden of the military elite - we are ahead of the leaders of the state: if the most important posads of the army were foreign spies, then what kind of power? And yet, as if calling against them, they were wicked and the best radyansk military leaders were ruined for the sake of others, then stand by yourself: what kind of power, how can you?

After the 20th anniversary of the party in 1956, the rotation and rehabilitation of the figures inquired about the "movie of the military" vinyl needs of Stalin's explanation and explanation of Stalin's motives, which decapitated in advance of the war all the military research, as well as counter-intelligence. At the same time, a wide-ranging pardoning version was created about those who brought Stalin into Oman to the Germans for help, passing false documents through Czechoslovakia, as if discrediting the Radian Viysk upper class. For example, such tensions can be found in the memoirs of Walter Schellenberg, a researcher of the military intelligence of the Third Reich.

But if such a fake and a bula was prepared, then they could have gone to Moscow no earlier than the spring of 1937, if more figurants inquired about the "viysk-fascist zmovu" even though they were arrested, they gave a wedding (Tukhachevsky was taken to the chief of ).

Curve to drink at Lub'yants

I knew in the Central Archive of the FSB of Russia with the materials of the 20-volume manual, which are already well seen, as if they were fabricated. First of all, there is not enough evidence to prove the guilt of yogo figurants (do not seem to be talking about speeches already), the crime of their own “vdyachnye” testimonies. On the arches, the paper with the knowledge and storms is shelter, which was brought by the ship's medical examination. In another way, the style is consistent with the one who shows the writing under the dictation of the next. In the texts, there are impersonal factual pardons: the Reichswehr strays from the Wehrmacht, the date of the arrival of Hitler to the power of Nimechchini is called 1932 rіk. I realized that Tukhachevsky and his comrades, because of misfortune, could not allow such inaccuracies - maybe they signed additional sheets without reading them.

A handwriting examination, carried out at the MVS, showed that these texts were written by people, as if they were changing from an inadequate, specific station, by hand, as if they were changing from an unnatural station, otherwise they seem to be, under the influx of a physical infusion. The women of the figurants inquired about the "viysk-fascist movement in the Red Army" then they were corrected to the camps and shot in 1941, and the children spent the year to the ditbudinkiv, and after reaching the full - to the camps.

Tukhachevsky's testimony did not give a damn. At the first drink of wine, categorically recognizing the sound of the call, the marshal broke down only after the "conveyor" - found in the NKVS, the drunken method, if the person was drunk without a hitch with a kіlkoh deb sleep, pozbulyayuchi її sleep that zhі.

An analysis of Tukhachevsky’s handwritten readings and the results of his earlier written sheets, conducted by the handwriting laboratory of the forensic center of the GUVS in St.

The marshal, for example, was put in tandem with various townspeople of the German army. Zrozumilo, Tukhachevsky had rightly contacted them at his own time, and not only at the borders of his service positions and under the control of the radian special services. The materials of the Russian federal archives (RGVA and RGASPI) testify that Stalin respectfully stole for the overrun of the investigation, and giving suggestions to those who were similar, he took a special part in the molding of the "suspile thought" in the Viysk middle.

PID Hour of the permanence of the criminal missing about the “vіsyskovo-fashistsku Zmov in the RSCHA” at the other Polovini 1950s Rocky-Radyanci Slidchi, they renounced the captivity of the Kerevykhi forces, the yaki dazhny, the Jacques of the thaho, contacted the chin of the wire.

In the archives of the FRN, students and memoirs of the key German participants in the radio-German cooperation and diplomats were preserved. Proving for the sake of the Radian military leaders, as well as the evidence of the fabrication by the German special services of documents that discredit the Radian military commanders in the eyes of Stalin, the military archives of Nymechchina and in the archives of the MZS FRN were also not revealed. Navpaki, in the documents of the German military, the refrain sounds like a lack of confidence in the right reasons for the process of 1937 and wondering why Stalin “took away” the military top. Also, the version about the “German slid” is not criticized by the “right of the Vijskovs”.

"Massacre in Moscow"

Following the investigation, the court duzhe respectfully flocked to Nimechchyna. In the students of Goebbels, this period is marked by a “battle near Moscow”, blamed on “we are sick with radian kerivnitstv”. Behind these words, Hitler, having learned about the “viysk-fascist zmov” from the Red Army, “laughed to tears” and finally said that now “we can be ready.” The documents saved in the archives of the Wehrmacht in the summer of 1937 ambiguously reflect the burial of the German generals, as they were aware that the vidteper from the Radian Union and the Red Army could not be called like a military force.

Ось що писав німецький військовий журнал через два тижні після розстрілу Тухачевського: «Починаючи з 1929 року Червона армія під керівництвом Тухачевського остаточно здійснила перехід до реорганізації за західноєвропейським зразком (...) Зникли з високих посад всі герої громадянської війни та інші (…) Після Stalin’s order to shoot eight of the best commanders of the Chervona Army, plant the military command, re-occupy the heroes of the Gromadyansk war and neviglas, and the military qualification was sacrificed to the security of the Radian system.

The death of Tukhachevsky and the other military leaders of the "purge" in the Red Army did not settle down. Just as in 1937 the fate of reprisals hit more importantly than the greater command warehouse, then in 1938 the Stalinist terror hit close to 40 thousand military servicemen in various military ranks in all military districts. The army was not only beheaded, but demoralized. There was a shrill psychological climate in the military middle: in another quarter of 1937, the number of self-murders sharply increased (in the LPO - by 27 tons, in the BVO - by 40 tons, in the KVO - by 50 tons, in the Black Sea Fleet - by 200 tons).

The Viysks have ceased to think who they can trust now, as your uninterrupted commander and military chief can appear as a enemy and a spy. Not to mention, the statistics are unfortunate: for 1937-1938, all the commanders of the military districts, as well as all the intercessors and chiefs of staffs of the districts, 88 commanders of the corps, 98 commanders of the commanders of the brigades, 98 commanders of the divisions of the brigade,7 100 heads of battalion commanders and divisions, 100 heads of battalion commanders.

At the assembly of commanders of the regiments, held in the summer of 1940, out of 225, less than 25 were graduates of military schools, 200 graduated from the course of junior lieutenants. For the pіdrakhunkami of modern historians, spent at the kerіvny warehouse of the Chervonoy army for 1937-1939, the fates richly outdid it for the fates of the Great Vіtchiznyanoї war.

"Death Plan"

The figurants inquired about the zmovu of the Viysks were shot after 40 minutes after the end of the court on the night of 12 chervnya 1937. For dobo to death, Marshal Tukhachevsky clave "The Plan of Defeat" (that's what the followers called it) and addressed it especially to Stalin. In this document, giving reports, as shown by the onset of the fall, even an accurate forecast for the development of the military-political situation in Europe with the nearest fates and direct possible strike of Nmechchini against the SRSR in the future war. Stalin is bestially on new respect less in red 1941 fate - in the most terrible days of the Great Vitchiznyanoy war.

After the shooting of Tukhachevsky and his comrades-in-arms, it was fired by them to continue the development of Russian technology and new types of construction. Tupolev and Korolova ruled the GULAG, Leningrad closed the Jet Institute, which deals with the manufacture of jet engines. For the same reason, the BM-13 salvo fire system is famous, more known under the name "Katyusha", came to the military not in 1939, but only in 1941.

What kind of logic did Stalin cherish, knowing in 1937 the fate of the Viysk elite of the Radyansk Union? All power was seized in the hands of the leader, who respected the potentially unsafe person who thought freely and independently (however, the same SRSR could have been able to think about it). Tim is bigger, like people, like you can professionally show off with your brother.

Tukhachevsky and other figurants inquire about the “zmovu of the military” were not safe, but sometimes they allowed themselves to be critically respected - for example, about the camp of inquiries in the army, defense industry and foreign policy. Unfortunately, the vicious tradition of stunning people with enemies and enemies, if they think differently, like “required”, survived not only Stalin, but also the Radian Union.

On the XXII star of the CPRS N.S. Khrushchev publicly declared that the Radyansk military commanders on the side of M.I. Tukhachevsky were arrested for the best calls. In other words, the materials fabricated by the Gestapo, the German investigation was able to hand over to the President of Czechoslovakia, E. Benesh, who handed them over to Stalin. Having repeated the same version in works, Colonel-General D.A. Volkogonov.

Stalin, that yogo sharpened, called from the blind trust to Hitler's fakes, and the carelessness of trusting Marshal Radyansky to the Union and other military leaders. How fair is this ringing?

Even in the middle of the 1930s, opposition moods became stronger in the Chervonoy Army, in the middle of which Trotsky was seen to be. The struggle of various groups of the middle ranks of the military commanders, as Professor S.T.Minakov reportedly described, was focused on standing between the people’s commissariat of defense on the side of K.Є. This resistance was felt, after the words of Minakov, “in the face of a catastrophic threat for the country, the war, which is brewing, “on two fronts” (Minakov S.T. “1937. Zmova bula!”, Vidavnitstvo: Eksmo 2012 p).

From the cob of the creation of the anti-Uriad zmovi of the war warehouse played a greater role in the new daedal. The importance of Viysk zmovniki grew after the fall of Enukidze and Yagodi. Minakov added: “Let us follow our own behavior of the Viysk elite, which was formed before 1931, showed disobedience, repaired the pressure like in the internal political processes, and especially on the outer political, pressing, daily, political courses.” At one time, the Viysk elite “suggested Stalin’s embarrassment and yogo sharpened drink for a cardinal change in the system and structure of the country’s greatest ceramics: to transfer one of the key posts - the People’s Commissar of Defense - to his representative, the Viysk professional.

The situation that has evolved provoked the whispers of alternative leaders to Stalin, galvanizing the interest of the political and military elites to the number of “leaders”, all the more respectfully admiring in the minds of the war to the “leader” of the military, “guessing” such us in front of Tukhachevsky.

At the same time, the real Trotskyist arrests and those who appeared to the hands of the workers of the NKVS were dragged to the hands of the military participants of the movement. In 1936, divisional commander D.Shmidt was arrested at the Lipnya, becoming a witness against the commander of the Kiev district I.Ye.Yakir. If Schmidt was delivered to Moscow, Yagoda told about Yagoda, a participant in the movement, Ya. Gamarnik. Mabut, sim podomlennyam Yagoda wants to show that the confusion of arresting people from sharpening Gamarnik and Yakiraodi, more put the consequences of s-pid yogo, Yagodi, control, and now Ezhov and yoma Agranov are doing the right thing.

After the arrest of D.Shmidt in Serpni 1936, one of the charges at the trial of Zinov'ev, Kamenev and others, I.I. Primakov and Commander-in-Chief of the Great Britain V.K.Putna.
At the process of the "parallel to the center" words were heard, as if they could be tlumached, like in front of Tukhachevsky. Judged by K.B. Radek, stating that in 1935 the “Vitaliy Putna zaishov was up to me from the sight of Tukhachevsky”. True, at the evening meeting of the same day, Radek, declaring that Putnya belongs to the sub-organization, sharply recounting Tukhachevsky's affiliation to the Trotskyist "parallel to the center." And all the same, a shadow of suspicion was thrown at the intercessor of the people's commissar of defense.

It is obvious that the first reports about the arrival of the Viysk people to Moscow came from Paris. It is a note that Yezhov sent a note to Stalin with the materials of the ROVS (Parisian Belarusian emigre grant organization "Russian Foreign Union"). It happened to him that “a coup d'état was being prepared for the SRSR by a group of commanders ... It was hard to believe that Marshal M.N. Stalin sent a note to Ordzhonikidze and Voroshilov with a resolution: "Please understand." Possibly, it was not without reason that Stalin sent Ordzhonikidze a note about Tukhachevsky's move. At the sight of Voroshilov, whom Stalin saw as a reminder, more Tukhachevsky was his intercessor, and the sensation of Stalin’s gesture at Ordzhonikidze can be vitlumachiti like this: axis, moving, marveling, what to remember about the people, like you were protecting.

About Viysk's zmovniks were richly told by various children of the Third Reich. I was aware of the spivpratsy between the Reichswehr and the Red Army in the period of wild taem grounds from 1923 to 1933. In the course of the tsієї spіvpratsі, a special special link was established between Tukhachevsky and other radyansk military leaders with the German generals. About tse, zokrema, rozpovіv one of the most informed people of the Nazi Germany, the special translations of Hitler Paul Schmidt, who wrote his books under the pseudonym Paul Carell. Paul Schmidt-Karell reportedly described in his book “Hitler Going Down the Road” how Tukhachevsky, Yakir and others tried to revive those calls, which were installed with the German military leaders for the hour to please Radek - Sect. Walter Schellenberg, who wrote about his writings in his ways and the cerebrate of the zvnіshnoї rozvіdka of Nіmechchini.

Paul Schmidt-Karell made a speech to the top of the Nazi Germany about the rise of the military and political deacons of the SRSR, on which M.M.Tukhachevsky and Ya.B.Gamarnik stood. The support of the zmovi was the Far Koskhodna army, which was commanded by V.K. Blucher. Like Schmidt-Karell, “since 1935, Tukhachevsky created his own kind of revolutionary committee near Khabarovsk ... Before this warehouse included the most army bosses, and also the deacons of the party functionaries, they occupied the high plantings, so, like the party Bolsheviks of the Caucasus on Borisov Boris ". Hocha Schmidt-Karell, not knowing the rich sides of the mind, and the warehouse of his participants, clearly delineated his "war-political" character.

Like Paul Schmidt-Karell, if on the cob 1936 Tukhachevsky, who had stunned the Radianian delegation at the funeral of King George V, on his way to England and back through Berlin, vin maw zustrich z “providing German generals. We want to sing that Niemechchina is not quick to be some kind of possible revolutionary podia in the Radyansk Union as a rally for a campaign against Skhid. Vіn the main was the creation of the Russian-Nimets union after Stalin's knockdown.

Significantly, the world was wise to them that Tukhachevsky, like those other dignitaries, was afraid of the stormy zіtknennya with Nіmechchina. Such battles were observed by the German military leaders. Wholly supported Hitler's coming to power, and how well the city of Germany was rebuilt, the stench realized that the city of Germany was not yet ready before the war.

Among the generals at Nіmechchinі also matured a zmova against Hitler. The stench looked at the proposition about the laying down of a secret “non-aggression pact” between the Viysk Nimechchini and the SRSR. It is not included that, at this stage, the stench was ready to guarantee Tukhachevsky and other failures in the right of the SRSR under the hour of the military coup in exchange for the failure of the military dictatorship established in the SRSR, after a similar coup in Niemchyna.

Tim, for an hour, a little bit about the mystery of the mind between the two countries of the Viysk, began to reach the capitals: the European powers. Czechoslovachni's messenger in Berlini Masniy at the Sіchni 1937 Roku with Trivoye, the president of his land, Benesh about those about those, they blew izderes in the Czechososyna Schirni, the yaki stench, . politics following the stunned nevdovz of the sovereign coup of the SRSR. At the time of the arrival of pro-Nimets forces in Moscow, the Czechoslovak region could not already support the SRSR, with which the bula was bound by an agreement on mutual assistance in 1935.

It is confirmed by the statement of Beneš by Jogo Rozmov, Plenipotentiary Aleksandrovsky of Radyansk on July 7, 1937. As they say in the recording of the conversation, Beneš from September 1937 “removing indirect signals about the great closeness between the Reichswehr and the Red Army. Іz sіchnya vin chekav, chim tse end. The Czechoslovak envoy "Mistny" in Berlin was an exceptionally accurate informant... "Mastny" in Berlin had two prominent representatives of the Reichswehr..."

Zrozumіlo, zustrіchі Tukhachevsky and іnshі contacts of the Radyansk Viysk people with the Germans could not pass through the respect of the Gestapo. Having learned from the Gestapo agents about the mystery between the two countries, RSHA clerk R. Heydrich informed about Hitler. Zrozumіlo, Hitler immediately arrested the zmovniks. Prote yogo plans were on the propaganda of the Viysk power of Nіmechchini. If it were mass reprisals in the lava of evil forces, they would break the faith in their omnipotence, just like Hitler, back to back, relying on a head rank on a rude bluff. To that vin vyrishiv zirvati zmovu mіzh radyansky and nіmetsky vіysk, without revealing what you had seen.

In his memoirs, V. Schellenberg wrote that, after omitting the news about the sight of the two lands, "Hitler ordered that the officers in the headquarters of the German army trimmed at an unknown time, who would think against Tukhachevsky." “I axis once at night Heydrich sent two special groups of secret archives to the General Staff and the Abwehr, the service of the military intelligence, which was identified by Admiral Kanaris ... Material was found and studied, which was submitted to the Soviet Army General Staff. Important material was found on the right side of Admiral Kanaris. In order to take care of them, they ruled over many places, like nevdovz, if they were signs of evil. It became about 1-3 February 1937.

Like pidkreslyuvav Schellenberg, in his time it was hardened that the material, chosen by Heydrich with the method of misleading Tukhachevsky, was formed from the best of the fabricated documents. Actually, it was not richly added - no more, less necessary, if you want to fill in the gaps. It is confirmed by this fact that all the great dossier was prepared and presented to Hitler in a short period of an hour - a couple of days. The dossier was more strongly hostile to Hitler, and he praised the proposition to hand over these materials to Stalin. For the transmission, it was necessary to victorious people, as they took part in the German-Czechoslovak negotiations.

Karell confirmed that Beneš took away the information about the coup that was being prepared, in Moscow and at once the same information was sent by the German intelligence service to Paris. The then French Minister of Defense E.Daladi told the Radianian Ambassador to Paris V.Potyomkin about “the possibility of changes in Moscow” and “please between the Nazi Wehrmacht and the Red Army”.

Clarifying how the information was transmitted through Prague to Moscow, V. Schellenberg wrote: “It was possible to establish contact with Stalin through the following channels: one of the German diplomatic agents, they practiced under the ker_vnitstvom of the SS Standartenführer Boehme, buv nіmetsky, I lived a different emіgrant Through New Boehme, having established contact with Dr. Beneš's trusted friend... Dr. Beneš immediately wrote a special letter to Stalin, in view of which Heydrich, through the same channels, was supposed to establish contact with one of the spokesmen of the Radianian embassy in Berlin. So they charged, and the names of the Russian mittev viletiv from Moscow, and turned at the escort of the special envoy of Stalin, which was a special renovation in the name of Yezhov. Obviously, until what hour Stalin had already taken away a lot of information in order to suspect those allies in the middle of the party kerivniki in the unfortunate grit of the Viysk, but still the exact names of those were not presented yet. In addition, information from Berlin told about those that the builders turned away for support to the military Nimechchina - the land, the guardian to the Radyansk Union.

At that hour, the solicitors stumbled across the preparations for the military coup. Areshti are low of the participants, and so fell into disgrace Yenukidze and Berries zmushuvali zmovniki in their children, more and more energy. Until then, after the adoption of Vlad Yenukidze and Yagodi Viyskove, the wing began to play a vital role in a new one. In the middle of the fierce 1937 fate, the intercessor of the people's commissar of internal affairs of Ukraine, Zinoviy Kanzelson, told his relative O. Orlov (Feldbin) about those that the Chervona Army's soldiers "rebuffed in the camp of the "gathering of forces." Wanting at that hour, the solicitors “have not yet reached the goal of a firm plan for a coup ... Tukhachevsky, having vowed that he followed “under a seemingly obedient drive” to reconcile “People's Commissar of Defense Voroshilov ... ask Stalin to pick up a conference on the problems of the military, so that the Ukraine of Moskovsky Viysky is standing the district and other regions, the commanders of which were assigned to the plans of the move. Tukhachevsky and other magistrates of Mali will appear with their trusted assistants. In the next year, or at the signal, two additional regiments of the Chervonoy Army cut off the head streets leading to the Kremlin in order to block the advance of the NKVS troops. At the same moment, the members of the government voted for Stalin, that they were guilty of arrests.

Tukhachevsky buv perekonany, scho coup d'etat the moment of holding the Kremlin without zavorusheny. Kanzelson was inspired by success: “Tukhachevsky is a grand army sergeant. Yogo has the Moscow garrison in his hands. Vіn ta yogo generals may transfer to the Kremlin. Tukhachevsky regularly reminds Stalin, he is under suspicion. Vіn vashtuє conference, pіdnіme on trivozі two regiments - i dot.

Tukhachevsky vvazhav, that after the capture of vlady Stalin, it was necessary to shoot negainoly. Prote Kanzelson himself, as well as other members of the ranks, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine S. Kosior and the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of Ukraine Balitsky, realized that "Stalin needed to be sued by the plenum of the Central Committee." Die zmovniki hastened after the completion of the lute-birch plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Immediately after the purges near the NKVS, Moscow's offensive against the Ukrainian army was continued. On June 17, Postishev was appointed as the first secretary of the Kuibishev regional party committee. In Kiev, a campaign was launched against Postishev's "non-billshovite methods of work".

In the meantime, in Western Europe, a little bit began to spread about those who were getting ready for a military coup in Moscow. In the Bulletin of the Opposition, Trotsky wrote about those who were "dissatisfied with Stalin's dictates of the military to put on order the day's possible vistup." On April 9, 1937, the head of the GRU of the Chervonoy Army, S. Uritsky, told Stalin and Voroshilov about those who walk in Berlin a little bit about the opposition to the radical military leaders in the country. Uritsky, honestly, guarded the reminder of the respect for those who are a little bit hard to believe in qi.

At the quarter, they arrested the intercessor of the head of the armored department of the Red Army M.M. Olshansky, the commander of the 9th rifle corps of the Moscow military district G.N. divisional commissar M.A.Imyaninnikov.
Tsі podії zmusili uchasnіv zmovi prishvidshit hour vistupu. For the words of Carell, the bula was recognized on May 1, 1937. On the eve of the day, the coup d'état was the head rank of reason, that "the holding of the first grassy military parade allowed the military units to enter Moscow without calling out suspicion." However, at the rosettes of the podia, there were evocative political furnishings.

For example, on April 12, 1937, it was announced in London that the coronation of George VI would take place on May 12, 1937. At Moscow, it was seen that the Radianian delegation to the royal ceremony would again be beaten by Tukhachevsky. Behind Karell's words, having learned about his deployment to London, Tukhachevsky decided to hurry up with his good fortune in order to speak with the German generals once more about spivpratsy every hour after the coup. “Tukhachevsky's coup for three days. Tse bulo yogo fatal pardon.

Establish reports about those who lost their lives in the rest of the wind. Svyatkuvannya 1 The grass in Moscow for dedications at the essence of the celebration took place in a situation of anxious ochіkuvannya of non-performing podias. On January 1, 1937, at the hour of the parade of the people in attendance on Chervoniy Square, a little bit about those who would shatter the Mausoleum, who knew Stalin and other stoners of the country, widened. There were a bit of talk about other terrorist attacks that they were getting ready for.

The English journalist Fitzroy McLean wrote that on May 1, 1937, on Chervony Square, he wrote that he rushed into his eyes and increased the tension in the behavior of the ceramics, who were standing on the Mausoleum of Lenin: “Members of the Politburo nervously shifted their legs. high position." More often than not, Stalin was indestructible, and the viraz of yoga was instantly “and indulgent, and tediously impenetrable.” The tension panicked among the military commanders, who roztashovuvalis beat the Mausoleum. As V. Krivitsky wrote on Tuesday from the USSR, those present at Chervony Square remembered that Tukhachevsky “was the first to arrive on the podium, reserved for the military commanders ... Then Egorov arrived, but he didn’t come to Tukhachevsky’s bath. Sweat before them came Gamarnik Movchki. The Viyskovs stood frozen in the evil, gloomy Movchane. After the military parade, Tukhachevsky did not mint the ear of the demonstration, but flooded Chervona Square.

Calling on everything, at that hour Tukhachevsky was getting ready to leave for London. On May 3, 1937, the documents were sent to the Embassy of Great Britain in the USSR on Tukhachevsky Boulevard, and on January 4 they were called. The head of the Radianian delegation for the coronation of George VI was recognized as the intercessor of the People's Commissar for Defense of the Viysk-Navy Fleet V.M. Orlov. It is obvious that they suspected that they had the strength after the 1st of May, they were embarrassed by the curiosity of the country of raptov to look over the decision to see Tukhachevsky.

Tim about an hour on May 6, reserve brigade commander M.E. Medvedev was arrested. He is named in “Izvestia of the Central Committee of the CPRS” (“Izvestia of the Central Committee of the CPRS”, 1989, No. 12), a day after the arrest of Medvedev, having told about his fate with the zmovnitsky organization, as “a very intercessor of the commander of the military of the Moscow military district B.M. Feldman.”

On January 14, the head of the Frunze Viysk Academy, Commander A.I. Kork, was arrested. The day after the arrest, Cork wrote two statements to Yezhov. First - about us, a coup in the Kremlin. Another - about the headquarters of the coup on the island of Tukhachevsky, Putnaya and Kork. Behind this words, before the organization of the organization, he got Enukidze, and “the main task of the group was like a coup in the Kremlin.

Arrested on May 15, B.M. At that hour, after the second month after his arrest, he began to give evidence on Enukidze, Tukhachevsky, Peterson and Kork G.G. Yagoda. Approximately a month later, after your arrest, NKVS practitioners Guy and Prokofiev began to give arrests to your colleagues.

On May 22, Tukhachevsky was arrested and the head of the central for the sake of OSOAVIAKHIM commander R.P.Eydeman. Three days after his arrest, Tukhachevsky began to give a certificate. N.A.Zenkovich’s book “Marshals and General Secretaries” published Tukhachevsky’s testimony, written by him at the NKVS internal liaison (Published: Viyskovo-historical magazine. 1991. No. 8. S. 44-53. No. 9. S. 55- 63). Vin wrote that the coup was planned on the chest in 1934. But Yogo had a chance to get through the Kirov's drive.
Zmovniki sneered at the vibukha of the people's oburennya. R. Balandin and S. Mironov do not include the fact that after December 1, 1934, “the defense of the state’s ceramics was strengthened.”

On May 24, Stalin, with his signature, sent to the members and candidates from the member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks for voting on the voting document, which said: “On the submission of data to vote for the member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Rudzutak and the candidate from the member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Tukhachevsky in the anti-Radian Trotskyist-rightist zmovnitsky bloc and spygun robots against the SRSR to disgrace the fascist Nazi Germany, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks put on the vote the proposition about the exclusion from the party of Rudzutak and Tukhachevsky and made the transfer of them to the People's Commissariat. On the same day, the candidate of the member of the Politburo and the intercessor of the head of the Radnarkom of the SRSR, Ya.E. Rudzutak, was arrested. Approximately at the same time, L.K. Karakhan, the representative of the SRSR in Turechchyna, was arrested. They inherited other arrests. 11 chervnya M.I.Tukhachevsky, I.P.Uborevich, I.E.Yakir, B.M.Feldman, R.P.Eydeman, A.I.Kork, V.K.Putna and V.M.Primakov before the court of the Viysk Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR On the same day, the virok was brought.

Stalin was categorically encouraged to explain to the dії zmovniki in їkhnіmi ideological and political perekonannya. Like at the lute-birch plenum, Stalin witnessed indiscriminately condemning people for their too much pretentiousness to Trotskyism. Stalin, after explaining the part of the society, is low on their "class-alien" adventures. Vin declaring: “It seems that Tukhachevsky is a helper ... Such a pidkhid, comrades, does not violate anything ... Lenin was a nobility's campaign ... Engels was a synagogue of a manufacturer - non-proletarian elements, as you wish. Engels himself, cherishing his factory and cultivating the sim of Marx ... Marx was the son of a lawyer, not the son of a hired hand, and not the son of a worker ... Marxism is respected not by biological science, but by sociological science ”(Stalin I.V. Create in 16 volumes Volume 14. Speaking at the extended meeting of the Viysk for the sake of the People's Commissariat of Defense on 2 chervnya 1937 (the transcript was not corrected).

Indicating those calls, as if they could become the basis for the development of reprisals for an ideological and class sign and by themselves destabilize the radian society, Stalin at once blatantly, that in the SRSR there are no minds for mass dissatisfaction with the political system.

Stalin said: “Axis of 300-400 people were arrested. Among them are kind people. How were they recruited? Stalin insisted that only “little people” could recruit. It seemed to me, having rozmirkovuvav vіn ugolos: “I think that the stench blew in such a way. Dissatisfaction with a person, for example, dissatisfaction with them, because they are not so freely hanging, because they are not happy, they can’t cope with the right and її for the price, but they’re more important. It is even more important for some people to understand the world of their strengths, the world of their pluses and minuses. Some people think that she’s brilliant, and that’s scribbled if they don’t hang out.

Stalin, saying: “Yakbees read the plan, like they wanted to stink the Kremlin ... We started small - from an ideological group, and then went further. They moved like this: axis, lads, dilo yak. The GPU is in our hands, Yagoda is in our hands... The Kremlin is in our hands, for Peterson is with us, the Moscow District, Kork and Gorbachev are with us. Mustache with us. Abo immediately hang out, or tomorrow, if we come to power, we’ll run out of beans. And a lot of weak, unstable people thought that I was real on the right, damn it, you won’t be able to see. So you’ll progavish, in an hour they’ll arrest the detachment, sack the Moscow garrison, and all that kind of thing, but you’ll be left behind on the miles. So itself mirkuє in his testimony Peterson. You should raise your hands and say: on the right is real, how can you not enlist here? Viyavilosya, on the right is not so real. Ale and the weak people murmured to themselves like this: yak bi, the devil take it, do not be left behind all. Let's quickly apply to qiєї, do it, because you will be left behind on the milini ”(І.Stalin, ibid.).

Due to the fact that the core of the army was not numerous, and before that there were only a few small people, Stalin, calling out to reduce the scale of the repressions: . They broke it for you, they wanted to get it, they lied, they took it by blackmail. It’s good to carry out such a practice, so that such people will come and tell about everything themselves - try them out.

It is quite obvious that the military-political zmova, in which they took the fate of the fiends of the Chervonoy Army, was a reality. At the same time, it is clear that in the course of Stalin’s vikrittya and the yogi otchennya, they began to settle down in a cluster of humiliations behind the plantation of the house of the Viysk deacons, and after the arrest of 300-400 Viysk deacons, they did not expand the number of detainees, nave. .O.Kozinkin. "Zmov Tukhachevsky" - prospects and legacy). Tsі obstavini sprostovat the myth about those who called about the zmovu of the Viysk deacons, they were less likely to trust Stalin to Hitler's fakes, or else to get rid of the non-Bazhan military leaders.

Rehabilitation of Khrushchev after the 20th anniversary of the CPRS:
- 1955 year: Gamarnik Ya.B. (up to XX z'ezdu);
- in 1956 roles: Egorov A.I., Medvedev M.Y., Blucher V.K.;
- 1957: Tukhachevsky M.I., Feldman B.M., Kork A.I., Putna V.K., Peterson R.A., Eideman R.P., Uborevich I.P., Primakov V.M. ., Yakir I.E.

Even more so, as if about those, how the skin was “unwound” on the right in the 30s of the last century, they sounded like it was a process, it’s possible to do a lot at once (moreover, including documents, the same and publications), then the axis about those, how Khrushchev's rehabilitation was carried out (like, vtim and Gorbachov, and Yeltsin), nothing could be known. Time and time again, Stalin wanted to be robbed of a little bit of how the legitimacy was changed, then the specific style of arguing laws by the Khrushchev prosecutors and the judges did not fit into the gates of the day. Of course, it was happening in 1937-1939, but there were such violations of the usma and all laws, such ignorance of all the rules of the investigation and the court ... It was bad that in 1918 it was like that, and then not in the Cheka, but in the roar of the tribunals. .Book by A. Sukhomlinov “Who are you, Lavrentiy Beriya?”).

Skіlki pіr'ya іt erased from the drive of repressions, and the axis of the nuances of rehabilitation, zdaєtsya, without doing anything. Marvelous is the aberration of the dawn: why do I care that the arraignment from conjuncture in 1937 could have increased, but from rehabilitation for the same reasons in 1956 - well, you, nicoli, that for the everyday conditions!

At this hour, Mikita Sergiyovich would have to bring his own name into history, but what could be better, turn down to such a famous person, what kind of shooting marshal Tukhachevsky and other participants?

The first axis is clear: all publications devoted to rehabilitation have practically no specifics. The "Uv'yaznenny" head prosecutor's office has: "I have more than enough guilt on presenting testimonies given by convicts at the preliminary investigation and those judged not confirmed by other objective evidence." And then the same topic was often-densely talked about: the existence of verbal evidence. It is possible, htos to explain, how could you have speech proof? Lists of zmovniki ruined at the casino? Shchodennik Yagodi with a description of skin crocus? Prepared for a manifesto at the safe of Tukhachevsky?
Well, vibachte, it didn’t happen - stupid Russian generals and marshals until 1937, until 1937, the Germans didn’t learn such vishukani pieces ... Asia, sir ...

From the available materials related to rehabilitation, it is possible to extract information about the re-verification, which was “installed, which was falsified on the right”, and “the indication was taken away by malicious methods”. With all the material of the re-verification itself, I should cherish it more strongly, lower the bitter operational plan of the great military operation.

I would like to add to what was said. Tukhachevsky (specially wine, and the hour of rebuking at the settlement of the Deputy People's Commissar of the Armed Forces, the same earlier at the settlement of the chief of the General Staff), having slammed the Army with "armored tractors" - hang "armor" on the tractors and put a machine gun mechanic"). Vіn, however, closed the mortar of KB Shavirin, having ordered the garmat of Grabіn (who won the war) to be promoted to the Red Army, and under the new yog, the accomplice Alksnіs strongly respected the admission in 1933 to the VPS of Vinischuvach I-16. Already in 1940, Pavlov, a learned scholar, played a role in the development of the T-34 tank ... But there was no opposition to Stalin and no “violent serpents” in the SRSR, there was no and could not be! Tse all Stalin suffers paranoia!

Obviously, Tukhachevsky and yoga spilniks were not zdivuvannyami, proponuyuchi on ozbroєnnya these "radio-carrying tanks" and other "innovative ideas" and stained sovereignty on them. It’s just the simplest way to ruin the Army and the country - to sabotage the victories of the necessary and burdensome weapons, and take it, or any moth, or long and fast to mess around with “promising” types such as “Kurchevsky’s gas-dynamic znaryads” (all the they didn’t try to smell the stench), but “PTR Rukavishnikov” (a roar of some people, the vaga is great), looking at bringing them up for an hour and a penny, and then writing them off from metal brooks. The same "Katyusha" ("BM-13/16") for Marshal Kulik, the head of the DAU and the intercessor of the people's commissar of defense from the defense, the whole river, already in 1940, "could not" be prepared for military testing - as many as 5 cars! Well, for tse (zokrema) Kulik was honored with a succession of marshals from the major general, and then until the age of becoming a 1950 roci.

The victory for Tukhachevsky was won by English and American light tanks, which made them the "main" ones in the Red Army. And in 1941, many of our tankers on their own crossed over the “mitzna our armor” and why did the warty “zahist” these tanks, if their “armor” made its way, be it some kind of large-caliber machine gun, not seeming already about the standard 37 mm anti-tank armature of the Wehrmacht, yak Nimechchina adopted to the rescue. more on the cob of the 30s. Bulls in the Red Army and "medium" T-28 tanks, as many as 600 pieces, and 56 pieces of "important" T-35 tanks. True, their armor was the same as in light tanks BT and T-26 (only on the frontal armor of the middle and important ones they put additional armor plates).

The same Polikarpov, to change his I-16, until the end of 1940, had developed and prepared a new winemaker I-185, with cool characteristics lower in La-7 and other FV-190, which appeared only in 1943. Admittedly, at that time, until 1941, the world did not have such machines. And more specifically, the future “victims of repressions”, s-helping the hijackers-prisoners of Tukhachevsky, who were spared, took that litak to recover before the UPU. Yak namagalis zupinity vrobnitstvo and ozbroєnnya in 1940 rotation of the same T-34. Ale potim for їkhnіmi words told us that they all respected Stalin.

The marshals themselves, imprisoned in front of us, did not represent anything meaningful in truth. None of them (because of the blame, mother Uborevich) did not shine with military leadership talents and great theoretical knowledge in the military sphere through their military career, service activities and other facts of biographies. . Stalin ". M., APN, 1989). Ale and "commanders" dragged along hundreds and thousands of senior commanders from these brigades themselves, divisions and regiments - their helpless supporters, yakі buli pov'azanі z tsimi "pіdpіlnik-putschists" for For example, one marshal was arrested.

The first axis here begins to show human wickedness, extensions for the hours of "Stalin's repressions" among our "elite". Starting to tie up everyone you can to "your own right" by arresting dozens, or even hundreds of your acquaintances-colleagues. When tsomu vіn vvazhaє yourself a little not a hero. Asking a standard question of the following: “Did you talk about your dissatisfaction with the “policy of the party”, “with the current regime”? And the “hero” immediately begins to resurrect all of them from the wines, and serve for a moment in the smoking room, or at the table on similar ones. Through your bindings, following the goiter, nourish all those whom you named in your indications of supplementation. And in such a rank, dozens and hundreds of outsiders and no one (especially the NKVS) people are drawn into the car of the investigation, all of a sudden mechanically. The investigation machine is working, people are getting fed up, and if something is not being changed, it will be arrested.

Let's make a report on the topics of "denunciations".

Zvichayny hulks (crim "professional slanderers", as they wrote in different instances from royal hours), did not denounce one on one (about which all the circles rubbed "vicryvachi stalinism" to us), and the officials in different instances usamped on their own. the chiefs at the missions, yak respected the people to live and wrap their posadov's shoes. The 1st government, it seems, reacted to the qi of the “skarga of the working people”. And the axis denounced like this (like a bazhannya to misfortune the susidov), they appeared before the mid-30s. And here our intelligentsia was ahead of everyone, - sadjali she cheated tens and hundreds of innocents at a time. І "wonderful" butt - on the right of Tukhachevsky.

Andzhe for the Viysk "Strong Marshals", who were chosen to carry out a coup on May 12, 1937, was arrested from a dozen marshals with a dubious commander's reputation. And the axis far away, the scribes began to name dozens of names of their underlings-podleglikh, like, sing- ingly , they were mixed in the spirit, and yet you were in your circle (the 2nd and 3rd echelons of the move) - they began to pull after themselves, and then they just say , hundreds and thousands of officers, yakі to zmovi like such a yearly remembrance, singly, not small. For these denunciations, thousands of officers (Rokossovsky and Gorbatov - there are more among them) were arrested and sent from the Chervonoy Army. And at the "Tukhachevsky's right" were also arrested the designers of the defenses, and the retailers of the latest and most promising types of defenses - the same Korolov at the rocket technology, imprisonments for the denunciation of their senior bosses themselves, as they pass at the right about the "Zmovu marshals".

And there were thousands of them - innocent. I ten thousand, after looking, they turned to the Army, or to their own design bureaus. Ale for whom an hour is needed. It was not Stalin but his comrades who imprisoned them. They were imprisoned by their comrades in the service, they wisely vowed that the more they stink to cheat on the innocent, it will be easier for them to turn themselves. Otherwise, out of hatred, they rushed to the sovereign mode in Russia, especially to Stalin, which allowed them to seize power themselves in the SRSR-Russia. Well, let's see, all of their people's worth and "victims of repression" began to hang on the whole people, saying that the people of Russia-SRSR are like this - only maybe, that they wrote one on one denunciations.

After the opening, call for arrests and shootings coming after them (about 4.5 thousand arrests and of them - 1.6 thousand shots, with about 400 thousand officers from the Red Army at that hour) high ranks and with such very illumination. And those who in certain parts were effectively assigned to the plantings of senior officers - young, tse were brought to us in front of the fact that the Army, beginning in 1940, began to sharply increase in the outrageous number of such units. On the eve of the War, the Army grew from the second million to five and a half, which also increased the number of command posts in the Army before the War.

What are the prospects for success in the mind of Tukhachevsky? Weak, ale boules. Hocha Tukhachevsky and that team would be especially supportive of the people, because they began to express Stalin's reforms, but still they make a treadmill in the country, but sometimes a smut in such vipadkas - “a treadmill” from behind the cordon. To finish the Bulo of Nіmechchinі without Hitler, to recognize the legitimacy of the military regime in Russia, the problem would disappear by itself. Zreshtoy, the camp of Stalin in the 37th was not yet so stable and strong, as it was before the war itself and especially after the Peremogi - so Tukhachevskiy's chance in the 37th was obviously great. And the axis of the consequences of the failure of the movement appeared for Russia as crooked as ever, as if they could be crooked, the consequences of a possible success for the coup and the slaughter of Vlady. And the consequences of an entirely possible “success” to the coup could have turned out to be even crooked and terrible for Russia.

The failure of the recent "military coup of the Marshals" in the SRSR with the result of calls to Munich, to the delivery of Hitler (in particular England and the USA) all over Europe, Hitler's arsenal of the Soviet Union of Europe, which led him to the cordon of St. .

Successful efforts of Tukhachevsky's moment to lead to an even greater global light war in Eurasia against the Anglo-Saxon world and the USA, and it is possible from the stagnation of nuclear missile technologies and jet aircraft. And from the yakbi, there was no sound of a coup d'état (like Stalin on the cob of the 1930s, saying, like good, that Tukhachevsky was not the enemy), then the axis here was definitely a great momentum of what the Other World War in the 20th century could b i don't be.

Note: Quote from the book by Y. Emelyanov "10 myths about 1937"

Zmova Marshals

Tens of thousands of books and articles have been written about repressions in the Red Army in 1937. Published impersonal documents (protocols of supplements, accusatory claims only), like dozens of years were saved in special archives of archives and inaccessible to the contributors. Irrespective of the price, at the same time it is impossibly unambiguously clear on one simple question - the high-ranking officers of the Chervonoy Army on the part of Mikhail Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky were planning to seize power in the country that the call was falsified by the Chekists. The piquancy of this situation is to the extent that protocols for drinking are inaccessible to independent students, or rather, the evidence of a person’s health.

For example, thirty years of the last century, official propaganda asserted - Mikhailo Tukhachevsky of the spilniks - "enemies of the people." Narazi accepted the opposite point of dawn. Mikhailo Tukhachevsky and his comrades are the innocent victims of political repressions. There was no sigh, and everyone was guessing from the Lubyanka, calling the necessary certificate for help tortours. There is a lot of information about the stagnation of the physical influx until the last days of that terrible hour. But it’s unlikely that there is a lot of that blissful investigation, through which Mikhailo Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky and his comrades went through. More than anything, the stench gave witnesses in the middle of the night under a surge of strong fear. It is helpful to check the following document:

"People's Commissar of Internal Affairs

N.I. ZHOV

Having been arrested on the 22nd of May, having arrived to Moscow on the 24th, having fed on the 25th and this year, on the 26th of January, I declare that I recognize the manifestation of the anti-Radian zmov and those that I was on the choli її.

Zobov'yazyusya independently to the investigation everything that is necessary to see, not prihovyuchi any of the yogo participants, waiting for the fact of the document.

Podstava zmovi lie down until 1932. They took their fate from the new one: Feldman, Alafuzov, Primakov, Putna and others, which I will report dodatkovo. Tukhachevsky.

Application for selection: Pom. Poch. 5 Viddilu GUDB, Captain of the Supreme Court. without. USHAKIV. (Signed)".

It is small that the security officers for wealth could destroy a strong and zhorst people who would do anything to reach their goals. To tell the truth about the yogo military “victories” at the rocky Gromadyanskaya war - the strangulation of two villagers slaughtered: in Kronstadt (most sailors were mobilized from the forces) and in the Tambov and Voronezsky provinces.

28 Fierce 1921 Rock in Kronstadti 14 Tysyachs Smachish I Robitvyvov was visible to Vladimir Romunist, the Bula Priyan “Resoluts of the Zagalny Zbrev 1- Tu 2-Ta Brigades of Ship, Kronstadti”: Turn the Grumadyanski Svoboda, Vidnube Politichni Vibrai Please. The reason for the rebellion is the greater number of servicemen from the villagers, who dreamed of living freely on the free land. And in the middle of the world, freedom of trade, like the bіshoviks, have been hindered. The first-class fortress leaned back in the hands of those who stood up. After some recent negotiations at midnight on the 17th of February 1921, the colonies of the Chervonoarmytsy began an assault on the island of Kronstadt. Three fortresses beat harmati and kulemets. Lid crackled, dozens of people drowned. It was possible to hang out more for the corpses driven in earlier. Ale, the colonies turned around in the lances, and now nothing could stream the scorched grip of lust, as I knew that I could live and go away, then only there, on the islands. The storming took place in Mayzhe dobu and ended with the fact that there were significantly fewer victories on the islands, less victories. In fact, Mikhailo Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky vikoristav of the Chervonoarmіytsiv as "harmonic meat".

Under the hour of strangling the Tambov rebellion of the same fate, Mikhailo Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky became famous for him, that against the villagers he won no less than artillery (60 garmats), and the battlefields of the trash speech - gas. About such rubbish, like a creation of concentration camps, they shot at home, without trial, the civilian population and the hanger near the distant territory of the RRFSR, today they vvazhayut for the best not to guess. Wanting to do yoga as a commander of the military of the Tambov province:

mass arrests of civilians and the laying of them at the concentration camp;

burying and shooting the guards;

shot the hulks without trial and investigations at the local authorities;

ruination and spitting of the budinks of the city dwellers;

mass planting of chemical slugs

vvazhayutsya military villains. Chi vin knowing about tse? In the Oleksandrivsky military school, as far back as before the revolution (1914), after graduating from Mikhailo Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky, the future officers of the tsarist army knew the international laws of land warfare. And the stench was charged until or after the hour of war, the zhorstokostі zhorstokі shkodo tsivіlnyh osіb, vvvivstvo zaruchnіkіv, ruynuvannya mіst sіl. The 2nd Haaska convention of 1899 hindered the fate of the shells, which could suffocate their confessions with suffocating and gassy gases, and the Gaazka konferentsiya 1907 went further, having fenced in “to live in the dust or the dust”. Also, Mikhailo Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky was not a weak-minded "colossal", which could easily be slandered by the NKVS for a long time to drink, but so, having independently written the whole volume of the wedding, they were hostile to the deaths of the other arrests.

That іnshi pіdslіdnі behaved marvelously. Thus, Boris Mironovich Feldman, the big head of the Administration for the Head Warehouse of the Red Army (April 15, 1937, was transferred to the post of the assistant commander of the Moscow military district) Boris Mironovich Feldman for a long time, having spent a decade at his closed office the assistant chief of the 5th Main Directorate of Defense). As a result of the arrests, I was no less familiar with the evildoers, and I wrote the following marvelous note:

“To the assistant of the head of the 5th department of the GUDB NKVS Spіlka RSR comrade. Ushakov. Zinovij Markovich! The beginning and completion of the declaration I wrote to the authorities of the court. Upevneniy, scho Vimene vyklichete to yourself that you especially tell, rewrite it shortly. That kindness for your respect - I took off the stove on the 25th, apple and cigarettes and today's cigarettes, stars, I don’t seem to see anyone, but I know who. Feldman. May 31, 37.

Other documents. For example, a list of the commander of the Leningrad Viysk district, Ion Emmanuilovich Yakir, of the Ukrainian krai. Namely, that Yogo was embarrassed to write "kati from the NKVS." It's definitely not needed. Andje at the trial, the document was not planned to be read out, but was addressed specifically to the members of the Politburo in Chile with Josip Stalin:

“Ridny, close comrade. Stalin. I dare to fight before you like that, because I have said everything, I’ve given up, and I’m given up, that I’m new to the honorable and vindicated party, the state, to fight the people, like I’m richly fateful. All my life has passed in self-monitoring, honest robots in the eyes of the party and її kerіvniki - then a failure for a nightmare, for the wrong ones for the sake of ... The investigation is over. I am hung up ringing at the sovereign state, I have recognized my fault, I will repent again. I believe without fail that the correctness of the decision to the court and the order. Now I am honest with my skin word, I will die with words of love to you, the party of that country, with absolute faith I will overcome communism.

After reading this text, Josip Stalin wrote a resolution: "Negidnik and poviya." Members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, People's Commissar of Defense Klim Voroshilov and the head of the RNA SRSR, V'yacheslav Molotov, waited for him: "Absolutely more accurately appointed." People's Commissar of Shlyakhіv povіdomlen SRSR Lazar Kaganovich buv promotional: "Scoundrel, bastards and b ... one punishment - stratum."

Let's assume that for some reason, all the next ones had problems with their psyche and the stench began to create inadequate, from the position of a healthy mind, speech. This situation has a trace of recognition and was written by Vlasnoruch Mikhail Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky as a note on the legacy of a mental illness. The latter had no chance to carefully examine the skins of the arkush, which was inaccessible to independent historians of the document.

How can you explain this fact? As early as the year of 1937, it was time for the marshals to be sent back to the opening of the lute-birch plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the intercessor of the people's commissar of defense, Jan Gamarnik, and the head of the personnel department of the command warehouse, Boris Feldman, developed the document "On the transmission of the mental cipher." W.", tobto. special appearance of a good osib, as if they were fighting in the army. Thousands of commanders were called from the army with such a cipher, and maybe all the stinks immediately after they arrived at the place of residence were arrested, the NKVS organi- zation sang the cipher “O.U” on their documents; vin, vlasne, buv signal for arrest.

In fact, the first intercessor of the people's commissar for defense, Mikhailo Tukhachevsky, the intercessor of the people's commissar, Yan Gamarnik, and his indirect supporter, Boris Feldman, called for a "cleansing" of the army. They cleaned, obviously, not in the name of their relatives, but instead of the relatives of Josip Stalin. If after the opening, think about tsyu shkіdnitsku diyalnіst became known, the current plenum of the Central Committee of 1938 praised the decision about the review of the rights of the quiet, who were called by the magistrates. This fact can be explained in plain sight. There simply were no other reasons for the Chervonoy Army's military initiative to start a "cleansing" in the army. Just a little stink did not come to the mass cloudy mind.

Є th іnshі facts that confirm the version of the possible zmovi group of officers of the Chervonoi Army. The thought of independent contributors is less than in the details. Some argue that Mikhailo Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky did not take an active part in his training, but instead took part in a new one, even if he took away the repeated propositions and himself, in his own sympathy, demonstrating disloyalty until Josip Stalin was that kind of internal Others are aware that Mikhailo Mikolayovich Tukhachevsky himself has chosen to join the Red Army. Also, the dossi is discussed about the nutrition of the zv'yazkіv zmovniki from the Trotskyists.

Vitaly Markovich Primakov painted a picture of the mind (real chi vigadan) in court:

“I can tell the truth about our move. Neither in the history of our revolution, nor in the history of other revolutions, there was such a spirit, like ours, neither for purposes, nor for a warehouse, nor for these purposes, as a spirit she chose for herself. From whom is the zmov formed? Whom did the fascist ensign Tukhachevsky unite? It united all the counter-revolutionary elements, everything that was counter-revolutionary in the Red Army, was collected in one place, under one ensign, the fascist ensign of Trotsky. Yakі koshti choosing your own name? Mustache: zrada, zrada, defeat of one's own country, mischief, espionage, terror. For what purpose? For the inspiration of capitalism. There is only one way - lamatize the dictatorship of the proletariat and replace it with a fascist dictatorship. How did the forces choose the zmovu, sob vikonate the plan? I named the investigation more than 70 people of recruits, whom I recruited myself or knowing the hour of the call.

I have made my own judgment about the social person of the mind, so that our spirit, the center of the mind, are formed from such groups. Warehouse move from people who do not have a deep root in our Radyansk region, because their skin has a friend, fatherland. Kozhen іz of them personally can sіm'yu behind the cordon. At Yakir - near Bessarabia, at Putnya and Uborevich - at Lithuania, Feldman had no less engagements with Pivdenny America, less with Odessa, Eideman had no less engagements with the Baltic States, less with our country ... ".

Tsey text is a cognizable fragment. From the book Catastrophe under the water author Mormul Mykola Grigorovich

Zmova movchannya At the hospital of Leskov, having tasted close to two months. Yogo was placed in a room with a watcher, a kilim and a TV. The great authorities paid visits with inexhaustible blackness. Vitalo with other people, spoke about the hedges to the whole crew, and about the hedges

From the book Marine Drama Other worldly author Shigin Volodymyr Vilenovich

ZMOVA ZMOVCHENNYA Then, we happen to hit one of the most gloomy sides of our past military-naval fleet, even once already on the basis of documents, which until the last hour were covered with the signature stamp "taєmno". Mabut, the time has come

From the book Chechen trap [Middle of health and heroism] author Prokopenko Igor Stanislavovich

Chapter 1 Zmova ... The Lanka of the Russian attack aircraft was clearly seen in the combat mission. Flying from the airfield in Mozdok, the stench headed for the mountainous Chechnya. If the direction-finding signal was received from the satellite phone, the “launch” command was given, and the rocket went on target. And I’m throwing a buv cortege of the first

From the book Secret mission near Paris. Count Ignatiev against the German intelligence in 1915–1917. author Karpov Volodymyr Mikolayovich

ZMOVA POSLOV In connection with the German attack on Petrograd in the fierce fate of 1918, the diplomatic missions of the lands of Entente announced those who, before the threat of occupation by the Kaiser Russian capitals, would immediately transfer their missions to Vologda.

From the book Myth "Icebreaker": Ahead of the war author Gorodetsky Gabriel

Zmova Hess The policy of Rudolf Hess, the defender of Hitler, for the Nazi party, which happened on January 10, 1941, for the mission of peace in England, is one of the most wondrous episodes of the Other World War. Podії, pov'yazanі z in front of Churchill and the threats of Krips

From the book Russian agents of the CIA author Hart John Laymond

Zmova is guilty of asnuvati Now there is a trace of one of the quiet calls of unremarkable historical incidents, as if they were being ignored, which, however, appeared to be the key to the scorching potoci of the underworld.

From the book of the OGPU against the RVVS. Mystery war near Paris. 1924-1939 pp. author Gasparyan Armen Sumbatovich

ROZDIL 5. General Turkul. Skoblin against Fedosenko. "Riot of the Marshals". Skoblin on the choli "Inner Line" Tim for an hour "Inner Line" continued to build up the month. On the proposition of Skoblin, in the orbit of the secret organization, a huge commander of the Drozdiv division was sent.

From the book Zhukiv. Meister overcame the crooked cat? the author Gromov Alex

Battle for Berlin: Recognize as a winner! Marching marshals on the blood of soldiers on 20 July 1944 at the headquarters of the leader of the Third Reich, near the Prussian town of Rastenburg, one of the German officers, Lieutenant Colonel of the General Staff Count Klaus Schenk von Stauffenberg,

From the book Zhukiv. Get angry, fall, that unknown side of the life of the great marshal the author Gromov Alex

Zmova marshalіv and no less. On the right of Tukhachevsky, Bliskucha Zhukov's car could have fallen, if in the middle of 1937 mass reprisals against the command staff began in the Red Army. On March 11, 1937, the meeting of the Special Court Presence of the Supreme Court of the SRSR was held

From the book Stauffenberg. Hero of Operation "Valkyrie" the author Tierio Jean-Louis

The turn of the war has become the first for all turns of the disabled. After a trivial flight in the sanitary train of Mussolin through all of Italy, Stauffenberg, for example, spent the last quarter of 1943 until the hospital in Munich. Relief dekilkoh fingers and brushes, with stuffing

From the book Zhukiv. Portrait on aphids the author Otkhmezuri Lasha

Chapter 19 1944: War of the Marshals

From the book Zakhist Stalin [Who is trying to destroy the country and win?] author Kozinkin Oleg Yuriyovich

Two plans of Marshal Zhukov Yak Stalin “inspired the marshals to take Ukrainian direct lead in Hitler’s attack on the SRSR” and how did the General Staff and Zhukov get out of the frontier plans. About the “pіdmіnu” of the “plans of war” approved by Stalin on the 22nd of Chernivtsi, 1941, about 12.00 on the radio

From books Rozvіdniki ta shpiguny author Zygunenko Stanislav Mykolayovich

"Zmova Lockhart": what's up? So, on the 15th day before Lockhart, Shmidkhen appeared - under the name of the Chekist Y. Buykis - and handed over to Lockhart a sheet from Captain Krom, in which he wrote that he was picking up "mitzno grunt the door to his own exit from Russia" . Schmidchen

From the book Mist shpiguniv. The real story of James Donovan author Pivnich Oleksandr

How the zmova was opened Zgіdno with the help of the Latvian Chekist Jan Buikis, the zmova bula was opened in such a way. In the red of 1918, Felix Dzerzhinsky ruled two Latvians, Jan Buikis (under the name of Shmidkhen) and Jan Sprogisa, who had recently come to the service to the Cheka, to Petrograd.

From the books of the Purification of the Army author Smirnov German Volodimirovich

3 books by the author

Chi bula zmov Tukhachevsky? To the most dark sides of the Radianian history lie those, which testify about the right of Tukhachevsky and other military leaders, who were arrested and sentenced in 1937. for calls in anti-state activity, and mayzhe after 20 years