What is a two-stroke engine? How does a two-stroke engine look like a chotirite-tact one - a piston analysis. Which motor varto vibrati

Although, through several European standards, two-stroke engines may have appeared more and more from the automotive and motorcycle industries, large diesel engines for diesel locomotives, vantazhivok, litakіv and marine vessels are being developed at the same time. Through their high efficiency, two-stroke great diesel engines are elevated to the most economical thermal engines.

Significant world dvuhtakny dvigun, like before, vikoristovuetsya in podvisnyh dvigunah, lancet saws and other portable or build self-contained outbuildings, like you can be light, but from the other side. , to be independent from the position of the engine oil.

A two-stroke engine is a reversible-progressive engine of internal combustion, which ensures mechanical characteristics when spitting fire. Two cycles lead to cyclic circulation of the process (360° revolutions of the crankshaft). The two-stroke engine completes the cycle of work with two strokes of the piston for one hour of one revolution of the crankshaft. This is the main power of the chotiritactic dvigun, which means chotiriox moves to complete the cycle for two wraps around the shaft.

In a 2-stroke engine, one hour at a time, the galvanization of the course is galvanized, that cob of dizziness, at which the functions of the intake and exhaust are blamed at the same time. Yak and chotiritaktny dvigun, vіn can work on gasoline or diesel fuel.

The term “double-stroke” is introduced to a stepless aggregate with a light oil and a candle, which is simple, inexpensive and easy. The butts of zastosuvannya of such a dvigun є:

motorcycles;
mopeds;
chainsaws;
scooters.

For passenger cars, vins are installed:

on DKW;
Aero;
Saab
IFA (Trabant, Wartburg);
Lloyd;
Suzuki
Mitsubishi.

History of appearance

Dugald Clerk is considered the culprit of the two-stroke engine. In 1878, having built an engine with a name for a pump, it was able to achieve only one revolution of the crankshaft per head. This principle of the engine was more advanced than that of 1887 for the gasoline cycle of Edward Butler for the car.

In 1891, Julius Sonlein, having taken away a patent for washing the crankcase, in which the lower part of the working piston acted like a pump piston, which was washed. Like modern two-stroke aggregates, the new boule has inlet and outlet grooves and an overflow channel. At the same time, Joseph Dave developed a similar principle with a baffle on the pistons.

In 1904, Alfred Angas Scott successfully developed a two-cylinder 2-stroke unit and installed an improved version on a motorcycle. In 1909, having fallen asleep by the Scott Motor Cycle company, it vibrated until 1966 two-stroke motorcycles.

Hugo Ruppe having developed his engine to the First Light War; yogo patents have been infringed prior to DKW. The most important feature of the development was the patented whirlpool cleaning by Adolf Shnyurl, which replaced the double cleaning with cross-flow from 1932. In 1952, Daniel Zimmermann developed the plate parts of the rotary valve, and Yamaha in 1978 - the external control.

Until the 1950s, the two-stroke unit showed great potential for development. However, it turned out that the poor in power could not be taken. In the automotive industry, the two-stroke process could not be successfully established, during the 1950s / 60s, car manufacturers, such as Saab, Borgward and DKW, were introduced into the two-stroke process. When washing, they called out to douse the high vitrata of the paliva, as well as the problem of high oil retention and turbidity with exhaust gases.

For a long time, the two-stroke motor vikoristovuvavsya in the automotive industry of the NDR. The greater trivale of the use of a two-stroke engine was saved during the manufacture of motorcycles. Nedoliki, such as a high rіven noise and fluffy gases, were not important for sports motorcycles.

In motorcycle racing, a 2-stroke unit has its own principles of superiority over chotirataktny dviguns and no more compensation for additional fences, as it was done step by step in 1994. In the field of mopeds, two-stroke motors have recently been taken out of the market for additional legal entry, based on wikis of exhaust gases.

Today, the movers of this type are less practical there, de priority to the process, such as the independence of the city, the simplicity of which is small, even more important. Before them one can see small mobile attachments, what is that modeling. The two-stroke diesel engine, as before, is used for marine vessels, the shards of exhaust gases in shipbuilding are not regulated by law until today.

KTM Freeride 250 R is the only two-stroke motorcycle allowed in Germany.

Current podії

In this hour, the two-stroke engine is witnessing a singing renaissance in the field of sea transportation, water motorcycles, or light flights. Buttstocks are BRP Rotax units, which have become more environmentally friendly, direct injection system (Ficht FFI), such as the Rotax series, which is used in snowmobiles. Yamaha may call this the HPDI system (high vise direct injection).

In addition, since 2007, the project of Envirofit International has been expanded to transform the most important two-stroke engines into units with direct thrust for orbital thrust with more environmentally friendly wikis. It can be reached by replacing the cylinder head. The goal of the project is to build a million light motorcycles in Asia.

Technical principles

In a two-stroke engine, oil is added to the fire. As a result, the oil component burns up during the fire. Not enough are those who, in the process of burning, settle into a coal, as if they are upset in the working space, and at the exhaust system, they pour into the robot unit. Visible vіdkladen at the vіkhlopnіy sistemі can be buti zdіysnené way vigoryannya or khіmіchnogo razchinennya.

On the cob of 1930, the ratio of change became 1 (oil): 10 (gasoline), later it changed to 1:15 and 1:18. For the best motorcycles and scooters, the speed of 1:25 was the greatest stretch of a bagatioh rokiv. Zavdyaki vysokoistannyh vysokoeffektivnyh oils spіvvіdnoshennia oil was shortened by stretching 3 years from 1:33 (Trabant P50) to 1:50 (Trabant 601) and 1:100. Modern chainsaws and other portable power tools are used with a ratio of 1:50 (2% olії).

At the time of the okremo oil, the oil is supplied with the okremo type of paliva. Scott's first motorcycle (basic model 3?, invented in 1908) was still maw okreme oil.

Suzuki propagated the "right" oil for motorcycles in 1971 as part of the GT 750, in a pump that doses, transports oil directly to oil points (bearings, cylinder walls). The pump carried oil in the fall due to the position of the throttle valve handle, the system, as it was also installed by Kawasaki.

Great two-stroke motors can be induced from a closed circuit of mastila, driven from a four-stroke engine.

Large two-stroke units, such as marine diesel engines, can be designed with a transverse head, especially older types with waste oil. To mark the oil points, such as the main connecting rod bearings or the crosshead, are supplied without intermediary for additional oil through the oil line with the bearing.

Zastosuvannya like a gasoline engine

One cylinder: in portable outbuildings, a two-stroke unit sounds like a single-cylinder with a fan.

Double cylinder: two-cylinder row, crankshaft at the transverse straight line, double-sided, water-cooled DKW; with keruvannyam rotary valve. The first drive is re-bought between the cylinders. Cars with two-cylinder two-stroke engine: DKW F1 to DKW F8 and both; FRN DKW F89 and GDR IFA F8, P70 and Trabant cars.

Three cylinders: motorcycle Scott 3S 1934 maw three-cylinder two-stroke motor, mounted below.

DKW introduced in 1939 the rotary tricylinder DKW F9,

The 1969 Kawasaki 500 H1 (refrigerated) and 1971 Suzuki G. T. 750 (water-cooled) introduced tricylinder inline motors for motorcycles as standard;

Chotyroxcylinder: chotyricyl-indrone chotyritaktny unit with chotyrma cylinders vikoristovuvavsya in the motorcycle model Suzuki R. G. 500 Gamma and with two crankshafts 50 ° V Yamaha R. D. 500 LC.

Six-cylinder: splits and wins like V6 in the sector of racing cars

Vіsіm tsіlindrіv: disaggregated by Galbusera.

Theoretically, the difference in the pressure of a two-stroke double-stroke unit overturns the choti-tact motor for the same minds (cubic pressure) that the rules of Formula 1 prevent the 2-stroke engine from 1984.

The era of 2-stroke engines in Trival racing motorcycles from 1911 to 2011.

Robotic principle

Two-stroke diesel engines with exhaust valves in the cylinder heads of series 53, 71, 92, 149 (cubic inch) from Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC). The stench vikoristovuvali Roots fan - in some types of cooling with turbochargers and intermediate coolers with water cooling.

Two-stroke diesel units for vintage cars with adjustable exhaust valves were produced by Kruppwerke until 1950.

A lot of modern motors can regulate the exhaust valves and intake grooves. The stench is flushed through with heavy pressure pumps. Through war, a clean exchange of gas is reached. There is no more need for a mixed oil, the crankshaft is used as in chotiritactic engines in forging bearings with oil oil.

This design is especially suitable for engines with a full stroke with a large volume (marine diesel), since the low speed of the engine leaves enough time for gas exchange, and the engine does not matter.

The great two-stroke turbocharged marine diesel engine surpasses the thermal efficiency of only medium stationary gas and steam turbine combinations from the point of view of thermal CCD. Marine diesel fuel at a rate of less than 160 g/kW can convert up to 55% of the chemically coated energy of the fuel on the basis of mechanical robots. Chotyric-tact diesel engines reach only 40-42% efficiency, 4% chotyric-cylinder turbodiesel, 35-37% of chotyritic turbo-petrol engines.

Advantages and shortcomings

Actual features of a two-stroke unit can be a win or a short one, for example, a lower galvanic effect. A 2-stroke engine may have more strokes per hour at the sight of chotimatic clamps, although through some part of the stroke for the blowing phase (inlet and outlet) only 70 to 80% of the energy on the run is blown. I myself create a low prevag:

Noodles:

Zalezhno vіd konstruktsії, great rіven exhaust gas.
At the time of mixed oil, the piston may become overflowing, or the bearing may be damaged due to the lack of oil sum.
High heat transfer to the piston due to low internal cooling.
The fallow type of construction is larger than the higher level of oil vitrata.
Problems from wikis.
High mechanical wear of piston rings.

In principle, the good values of wikis can be achieved with the help of great movers. Forgive those little motors, sound like more wikis, lower more chotyritic units.

Legal exchange

For doubles transport costs Starting from September 2016, Euro 4 wiki standards will be established, regardless of whether a two-stroke engine or a two-stroke engine is victorious. This has led to a global fence on the installation of 2-stroke engines in the galley of mopeds, for which year 2016 the Euro 4 standard (earlier Euro 2) will also be established.

Especially zastosuvannya

The Japanese tank type 90 is equipped with a two-stroke Mitsubishi 10ZG unit with a direct boost of diesel fuel and a Roots blower for charging.

US M113 armored personnel carrier equipped with a 2-stroke V6 diesel engine with General Motors water cooling. Vin will supply 156 kW (M113A1 and M113A2) or 202 kW (M113A3).

Single-stroke and three-stroke engines have not grown wider through different structural gaps and at the same time they are being rebuilt at the stage of development, although a few patents were seen on the cob of the past century.

There are two main types of engines: two-stroke and . In two-stroke engines, all operating cycles (processes for the intake of hot air, the exhaust of gases, blowing) are carried out by pulling one revolution for two main cycles. In engines of this type, there are daily valves, their role is played by the piston, which, with its displacement, closes the inlet, outlet and purge vents. Therefore, the stench is simple in the design.
The pressure of a two-stroke engine at the same dimensions the cylinder and the frequency of the wrapping of the shaft are theoretically two-wheeled more than the four-stroke one for the greater number of working cycles. However, the change in the stroke of the piston for expansion, the greater the expansion of the cylinder in the presence of excess gases and the loss of part of the tightness that vibrates, to blow through, it is practical to lead to an increase in the tightness only by 60 ... 70%.

The engine is built from the crankcase, which is on bearings on two sides of the installations of the shaft and cylinder. The piston in the middle of the cylinder collapses - a metal cup, supported by spring rings (piston rings), inserted into the grooves on the pistons. Piston rings do not allow gases to pass through, which are released when burning fire, between the piston and the cylinder walls. Safety piston with a metal shear - with a finger, screwing the piston from the connecting rod. The connecting rod transmits the straight reciprocating motion of the piston at the overhead motion of the crankshaft.
Lubrication of all surfaces, which rub, and bearings in the middle of two-stroke engines are used for additional heavy sum, in which the necessary amount of oil is added. From the little one, you can see that the pale sumish (black color) is consumed in the crank chamber of the engine (empty, unfastened and wrapped around the crankshaft), and in the cylinder. Mastila is nowhere to be found, and the yakbi was bula, then she smiled at the pale sum. The axis of this oil and add at the same proportion to gasoline. The type of oil is vikoristovuetsya special, the same for two-stroke engines. It can be exposed to high temperatures and, at the same time, it burns out of the fire with a minimum of ash deposits.

Robot principle. The entire working cycle of the engine takes two cycles

1. Tact of squeezing. The piston moves from the bottom dead center of the piston (at which position the piston is in the bottom dead center, the farther position is called the shortened BDC) to the upper dead center of the piston (far TDC), crossing the blowing air, and then blowing out. When the piston closes the intake vent in the cylinder, it begins to compress the heavy sum, which had previously entered the new one. At once, in the crank chamber, after tightness, and after that, as the piston crosses the vents, discharge occurs under the piston, under the carburetor, through the inlet and outlet valve, the combustible sum of the crank chamber enters.

2. Working cycle. When the piston is in position, the TDC beat is squeezed by a working sum of electric sparks in the form of a candle, after which the temperature of that pressure of gases rises sharply. Under the thermal expansion of the gas, the piston moves to the BDC, when the gas expands, it adjusts the work. At once, going down, the piston creates a high vice at the crank chamber (squeezing the fire-potting sum at it). Under the pressure, the valve closes, not giving such a rank a combustible sum again to drink at the intake manifold and then at the carburetor.
If the piston has reached the exhaust vent, it will open and the exhaust of gases will start, which was released into the atmosphere, the pressure in the cylinder will decrease. With a further displacement, the piston blows out the blowing curve and is squeezed in the crank chamber, combustible managed to go through the channel, filling the cylinder and blowing it out of the excess gas, which was blown.

Ignition principle. So like a heavy summish it takes an hour to ignite, the spark on the candles appears three times earlier, the lower piston reaches TDC. Ideally, the sooner the piston rushes, the sooner it can be ignited, so the piston will sooner reach TDC. Establish mechanical and electronic attachments that change the ignition rate of the fallow in the engine revolutions. Maizhe at motor scooters up to 2000 r.v. of such systems, buv i kut viperedzhennya zazalennya bulo installed rozrahunka optimal turnover.

Advantages of two-stroke engines:

Vіdsutnіst of bulky systems of oil and gas distribution
. There is a great pressure on the pererahunka per 1 liter of working volume
. Easier and cheaper prepared
. Mensha waga

Shortcomings of two-stroke engines:

1. More vitrata paliva. Guessing, you can virahuvat the vitrata according to the formula: for a two-stroke 300 grams per one kinsk force for chotiritactnogo 200 grams.
2. Thickness. At maximum speed, two-stroke engines start to sound three times louder than four-stroke ones.
3. Comfort. not so vibrate at low speeds (only two-cylinder engines oscillate. Single-cylinder and two-stroke ones vibrate approximately the same)
4. Durability. Dosit spirny item. I have a thought that two-stroke engines are less durable. From one side, I realized that the oil for lubricating the elements of the engine, which rubs, is fed at the same time with gasoline, which means that it is not so effective for rubbing the elements and literally floating in oil. But on the other side, the chotiritactny dvigun, by design, is richly foldable for a competitor, it adds up a significantly larger number of parts, and the golden principle of mechanics “Make it simpler, better” has not yet succeeded.

The engine of internal combustion (DVZ) in its time has created a great upheaval in the history of industrial technologies. The engine, which works on solarium or gasoline, was first found in the 19th century by a French winemaker named Jean Etienne Lenoir. The first lower dvigun of the internal fire, having started to work, the wine-maker needed a sprat to start that re-starting the dvigun. Understanding why the engine ceases to work, Jean added a system of natural cooling and oil. Today, the dviguns have commemorably streaked forward with the gatherings of evolution. However, motorcyclists do not know what the principle of the robotic two-stroke engine is. After reading the article, you know how a two-stroke engine works.

Powering a two-stroke engine

The first step is to analyze the principle of the work of a two-stroke engine of a motorcycle, it is necessary to analyze it in your annex: what makes up the wine, how it is broken and how the details are the most important. The attachment of a two-stroke engine is not so smooth as it looks at first glance. Give respect to the image. From the little one we can bachiti, that the engine is a crankcase, in which such important details are installed, like the shaft with bearings and the cylinder. The piston wraps around and brings the combustible home to a candle, which gives a spark.

In the whole extension of the engine, there are also important gaps between the parts that rub. From the first considerations of Jean, who we spoke about earlier, you can understand that the engine is not practicable without oil. For the same, it is necessary to pour gasoline into a two-stroke engine, diluted with oil. The proportions of all motorcycles and oliy different, but the main quality is good olії - burning yoga in the engine with a minimum excess of soot or ash deposits.

The cylinder and the body of the internal combustion engine itself are crushed in such a way as to achieve the best cooling effect. Irrespective of those that most of the engines can be cooled by water, additionally cooled by windy streams, the wind did not sway anyone. Such an attachment of a two-stroke engine ensures the highest productivity at all stages of work.

The principle of a two-stroke engine

The operation of a two-stroke engine is simple, at first glance, and it seems that in order to get into the DVZ, it is necessary to master the profession of an auto mechanic. In truth, everything is much simpler, even if a robot is based on the basic laws of physics. How does a two-stroke engine work?

As you know, the work of the engine of internal combustion takes place in two stages (cycle). Under the hour of the first measure, there is a squeezing. At the same time, the piston is in the lowest position, or else it is also called the dead point uphill. While the piston is in the lower position, gasoline will enter the chamber again. At the same time, through the outlet window, all the exhaust gases come out, which have settled behind the lower piston stroke. As soon as the foot went into the burning chamber, the piston, for additional inertia, rises uphill and delivers there the motherland that it drank into the chamber.

Next comes another stage, the ranks of extensions. Now we can see the piston, which is at the upper dead point. So as the piston delivers at once from itself to the fire, reaching to the top dead center, it will be fired. Through scho and v_dbuvaetsya robot dviguna. This is how a two-stroke engine works.

What is better for a two-stroke or a chotiritactny dvigun?

As a way to show the principle of a two-stroke engine, such a DVZ is effective. But a lot of motorcyclists, when choosing a new model, ask themselves what is more efficient - a two-stroke or a two-stroke motor? Let's try some food.

Later, as shown by numerical experiments, the practice of motorized motorists in a rush, chotimatic motors is still less effective. At first glance, it was unreasonable, but move that very obligatory, but at different cycles, the robots see different tightness. For the help of simple rozrahunkiv, it was possible to understand that the robot of two-stroke engines of internal combustion is effective for chotiritactic engines by an average of 1.5 times.

If I look again at the principle of their work, then we can understand why it seems so. On the right, in the fact that chotiritactny dviguns may have a little bit more attachment, at the link with which the process of supplying fire and the gas supply are higher, lower for two-taktniks. The main peculiarity of two-stroke motors lies in the fact that the stinks and processes are carried out under the hour of squeezing, so that the stinks are connected with the main stages of the robotic engine. So it turns out that the CCD of the chotiritactic dvigun is smaller, lower for the dvigun, which works on two cycles.

Visnovok

Razіbravshi that zrozumіvshi, like pratsyuє dvuhtakny dvigun, you can zrobiti singing vysnovki. Now, you know the attachment of a two-stroke engine and you can decide which DVZ suits you better.

The engines of the internal combustion are inspired by one principle - the energy of the combustion of the fire is transformed into the kinetic energy of the crankshaft wrap. There are two types of motors - two-stroke and two-stroke. Having offended one's own advances and shortcomings, we will try to understand why.

The principle of robotic DVZ

The working cycle of a two-stroke engine is formed from the inlet and outlet of the one that is blown in one revolution of the crankshaft, even as a 4-stroke cycle can be advanced - inlet, squeezing, working head, outlet. The stench leaks out in two revolutions of the flywheel. In a 4-stroke engine, the inlet and outlet are affected by different processes, while the stink of a double-stroke engine is reduced by the pressure of the heavy sum and the expansion of working gases. The principle of the two-stroke engine:

The first beat is the squeeze. Piston rotation is blown out of the bottom dead center, at which point the purge window is closed. Exhaust gases are expelled through the exhaust opening. At the same time, at the crank chamber under the bottom of the piston, an area of expansion is established, where the fuel sum from the carburetor (injector) is supposed to be filled. Portion fresh air vishtovhuє surplus of exhaust gases at the exhaust manifold. At the moment of the highest position of the piston, there is an inflamed sumishi in the form of a candle.
The other measure is a working walk chi expansion. The temperature of the pressure of gases at the combustion chamber sharply increases, as the piston starts to move to the bottom dead center, causing the robot to work. The movement of the vice at the crank chamber overlaps the inlet valve, preventing the intake of exhaust gases from the carburetor. Through the system of exhaust vents, gases go to the muffler, and through the vent, fresh fuel must come to the combustion chamber. At the lower point of the other, the cycle ends and the process is repeated.

A two-stroke diesel engine follows the same principle, only a new one has a spark plug, and the fire burns like a squeeze. Therefore, the degree of constraint in diesel internal combustion engines is richer than gasoline.

Features of the engine with two cycles

A two-stroke engine creates a new cycle for one revolution of the crankshaft, which allows you to take a greater amount of pressure from a 4-stroke engine with the same wrappers of the engine. However, the efficiency of the double-actuator will be lower due to the lack of perfection of the mechanism of the phases of the gas underflow, the inevitable inflow of a heavy sum in the process of blowing through that uneven working stroke of the piston.

The two-stroke engine is already warming up, so that under the hour of work, there is great thermal energy. Sometimes you may need additional cooling. Motorcycles rarely have two-stroke motors with a large number of cylinders, most often a single-cylinder engine with cooling cooling.

When working with a two-stroke cycle, the piston moves less than ruhіv in one cycle, and the pressure of additional gas-spreading, oily and cooling systems is lower on the crankshaft or more daily. Therefore, the wear of the piston group will be lower for them. Although for light equipment, it is not a critical factor, then a quiet two-stroke diesel engine can provide a larger resource, lower cost of the DVZ. That stench was widely known in diesel locomotives, generators, and ship engines.

The two-stroke gasoline engine picks up more wraps at maximum pressure. Tsim actively koristuyutsya motosportsmen, especially in cross-country disciplines, if you need a mitt on the throttle handle. In addition, the wines are easier to service, cheaper and easier for a quicker service.

Vitrata paliva at the double-tact will be 25-30% higher, noise and vibration also. It is impossible for the engine to fit into the same environmental standards, as well as to revoke the intake and boost injection systems. A large windshield will require the installation of special winding filters.

Heating and cooking system

The work of a two-stroke engine makes efficient knots that collapse. There is a centralized oil distribution system with an oil pump, like in chotiritactic engines, here it is every day, so oil is added to gasoline at a speed of 1:25 - 1:50. We remove the warehouse, rebuying in the piston and crank chambers, covering the connecting rod bearings, the cylinder walls and the piston rings. When heated, the sumish oil burns and is seen at once from the exhaust gases.

Engine oil may be special - for a two-stroke engine, sound it may be marked 2T on a canister. The choice of the supreme automobile oil is unacceptable for the following reasons:

Oil for two-stroke engines may be of good quality in gasoline;
Maє beautiful majestic power, improving the work of the dvigun and changing the rub;
Protection against corrosion of parts of the piston group that rub;
Two-stroke ol_ya is guilty of burning without excess, not quenching soot and soot. The high ash content of the splendid oil will lead to coking of the piston rings.

Oil supply for two-stroke engines can be done in two ways. The first and simplest is to mix with the pale at the right proportion. The other one is the ceremonial oil system of a two-stroke engine, if the fuel storage facility is ready to go directly before hitting the middle at a special pipe. In this case, an okremy tank for oil is installed, as the supply is needed for the help of a special plunger pump.

Tsya system nabula wide width on modern motorcycles and scooters. Krim sruchnosti vikoristannya (now it is not necessary to add oil to the tank for a skin dressing), there is a serious economy of oil, so that it can be squandered due to the revolutions of the engine. At unfriendly speeds, the proportion of oil can become less than 1:200.

Whether it be a two-stroke engine, it can be possible for forcing. Reduced fatigue with the same obsyaz in the truth in sports, and in everyday operation, the engine becomes more elastic and economical. The main ways of doopration:

Increase the diameter of the outlet opening and ensure the maximum possible three-day opening hours. Tse allow you to let go maximum number gas In this way, the traction power of the engine moves that yogo moment to turn.
Ensure efficient blowing. For which it is possible to increase the diameter of the inlet vent, so that the combustible sum does not get stuck in the crankcase and ensure that it is blown into the combustion chamber at the same time.
Zastosuvannya on the carburetor of a vortex diffuser, which for the same hour gives more hot sum. At the same time, it is dotally zastosuvannya povitryanogo filter zero support.
Installation of the resonator to the exhaust, rozrahunok kakogo vykonaniya pіd konkretnym dviguna. Such an attachment turns a part of the heavy summish back at the cylinders through the exhaust opening.
Dorobka connecting rod and piston group, її lightening and balancing. Valves and channels are faulty, but they are ground and do not cause scuffs (scuffs), tumble and swirl flows. This changes the cylinder's swelling and reduces the tightness.
Zastosuvannya _injector systems stubbornly and regulation of the phases of the gas distribution. Tse allow you to more accurately dose the amount of fire that is supplied, and change the amount of fuel spent for the hour of blowing the cylinder.
Installed pressurization systems. Start the compressor compressor, and a traditional turbocharger can be installed on a two-stroke diesel engine. With this help, the number of times to get into the cylinders can be increased, and the number of the palm can be increased.

Operation and causes of engine breakdown

The most common double-stroke motors are used in motor-technical equipment, chovnovyh dviguns, lawn mowers, lancet saws and other outbuildings, de-needing a lung and an overhead dvigun. Tim is no less, to build such a simple design engine can get out of tune through violation of the rules of operation.

Low quality of gasoline. It's nasty to fire often before detonation appears. It is most noticeable at low speeds under the gas supply hour. Blazing shock forces lead to breakage of the piston baffles, overhead thrusts on the crankshaft bearings. Detonation can be blamed on overheating of the engine, soot on the pistons and poor sumish.
The quality of parts is low, including the choice of a motor. This is especially true for Chinese pickers, as they often allow hats for picking components. It is necessary to bring the piston fret, crankshaft, cylinder and other parts to an early exit, and then overhaul. Sound to help evaluate the simple piston compression measurement.
Low-level motor oil. Burning oil sum for two-stroke engines may be important meaning. The very same kind of staleness, as the motor works softly, the cleanliness of the wind, the sound of overheating and the sound of noise. It is not good to bring carbon deposits to the ball on the pistons, in the main and connecting rod bearings, to scoring on the cylinder walls and the piston bearing, the passageway of the muffler changes due to carbon deposits. Oils for two-stroke engines should be either synthetic or synthetic, vikoristanya mineral water is not.
Overheating on a two-stroke engine of overcooled is not uncommon. Until then, to produce a robot trip with a faulty throttle or a malfunction in the cooling system. Overheating can be short-lived, if there is a loss of tension and maximum revolutions, after a decrease in pressure and cooling of the engine, everything will return to normal. The wedge is blamed due to a strong overheating, if the thermal gap between the piston and the cylinder changes on the flooring, then the forces of rubbing tightly clap them between themselves. After that, repair of the CPG is needed.
The carburetor is not screwed up. Palyvna sumish to go out more poor or richer. I’m threatening with a high, reddened paliva, with a tightness, and a soot. More summish may cause detonation and a decrease in the maximum strain of the engine.

In order to continue the term of service and overhaul, it is necessary to carry out a proper running-in of a two-stroke chnovnogo or motorcycle engine. For which proportion of oil mixed with gasoline, three times a day is due to be installed for normal operation. On such a sum, give the engine a boost in the mode of non-constant straining of a few years, which is equivalent to 500-1000 km. test for scooter and motorcycle.

The mover of the inner fire is working on long-established principles. We will look at piston motors, rotary oscillators and other exotic units that transform the energy of the furnace into kinetic energy, not so wide.

For brief understanding process, in terms of technical terms:

The working cycle of the engine is a lanyard of processes that are being drawn, as a result of which the energy of burning the fire is transformed into a wrapper of wheels (with a twist in the transport system)
Intake - filling the cylinder with a sum of steam for gasoline and again (in gasoline engines) or again in diesel engines
Squeeze - compression of the poured sum in the cylinder
Working head - gases that expand, after the ignition of the combustible sum, quickly press the piston down
Exhaust - ventilation of the empty cylinder in the portions of the gases.

In the course of the working cycle, the processes follow a strictly prescribed order. Some of them are called tact. W mechanical point gap, stroke - piston crown from one dead center to another. Fallow in the design of the engine, cycles can be two or two.

What is a two-stroke engine - video

How does a two-stroke engine look like a chotyritic one?

For the leather turn of the crankshaft by 180°, two cycles are performed (different, fallow according to the type of engine). The process of a two-stroke DVZ is completed in one revolution, and a choti-tact one - in two crankshaft revolutions. Didn't you understand? Let's take a look at the nutritional report.

Important! Є passive and active tact. More precisely, there is only one active cycle - a working cycle. The other strokes of the cylinder are due to the inertia of the flywheel fixed on the axis of the engine. The cost of a single-cylinder engine, the leather offensive cylinder is working in phase, and the important flywheel is no longer needed. That is why the role is played by the gear, as the starter is chipping.

Modern engine to finish folding from the engineering point of view. Processes are provided with different additional mechanisms, the robot can be synchronized. In addition, the components of the dvigun can be very powerful, obviously it is inertia.

Delі, scho to rub, upovіlnyuyutsya support. Tse upovіlnyuє process and vіdbiraє dodatkovu tuzhnistі. Usі amendments required to be protected under the hour of the design of the motor.

It is easy to program the algorithm of keruvannya, so that the exploitation is constantly changing. If the sequence of changes in cycles will give a hit - it will become a waste of tightness or a dvigun's tooth. That is why for an uninterrupted robot, it is necessary to have so many attachments for such a bet: a piston, a cylinder.

As soon as the upper part of the piston overlaps the exhaust outlet (1), the sum begins to squeeze, right up to the piston reaching the upper dead center.

Step 1. Process 2

A spark is burning on the spark plugs, the flames start to vibrate, the piston takes off the piston and falls down.

Important! Understanding "uphill", "top dead center", "down", "bottom dead center" - dosit smart. The cylinders can be rotated horizontally (opposers of "Porsche" and "Dnipro" motorcycles) or wind uphill with their feet (light engine of the "zirka" type).

Gas pressure is taken up to the outlet of the outlet opening (1).

Working head

Step 2. Process 4

At vіdkritiy the outlet is direct to vіdpratsovanі gas. Properly insured aerodynamics allows you to create a small increase. The protea part of the whip is filled in the cylinder.

Important! At this moment, the energy of burning sumishi does not die. The whole movement is driven by inertia.

At the same time, the piston is squeezing the preparations with a fresh charge of the heavy sum, pushing the vice at the crank chamber (II). The valve (3) is closed one hour.
Step 2. Process 4

The piston continues to descend. If the overlap of the blow-out opening (2) is blown, the hot air blows under the vice directly into the over-piston chamber (I). We gave a new fallow to aerodynamics.

The shape of the piston chamber is well designed, it does not allow the fresh charge and exhaust gases to interfere. For real, spend your ready sum inevitably. This process is also called blowing.