Why horse hamsters are not afraid of scorpions. Otruta scorpio: The most safe representatives. Hamsters transform scorpions into rot at the painkiller

Like wine, having tasted a grown-up person with mіtsnim zdorov'yam, that vіdchuє only strong bіl and swelling in the bite. However, the bite of such a scorpion is fatally unsafe for a child or a frail age, as well as for people with weakened health. Symptoms of a wood scorpion sting:

• hostile and baking bіl,
• names of kintsivok,
• pina in the mouth,
• zupinka dihannya,
• convulsions.

Warto remember that when bitten by a wood scorpion, the injured will require some kind of medical assistance. A stung person should be brought to the camp of calm, not prote allowed by the intake of calming effects like alcohol.

To intimidate the distant width, wipe off the body of the next squeeze, and also not to put it on the new ice. It is even more important, as it is possible to give the healers the scorpion itself. Fahіvtsі accurately recognize yogo looking and vidpovіdno to recognize correctly likuvannya.

In this rank, village scorpion - it’s even more unsafe virobnitstvo, with which it’s better not to stick. People do not make the uniqueness of their beloved places, and also protect their houses from the attack of other creatures.

There are close to 2000 scorpions every year. All representatives of the corral make a sting at the end of the tail and gostrі hapalni claws from both sides of the gap. From the last number of species, only 25 may be disgusted, like a building to drive a person. Most of the scorpions feel sorry only if you provoke them.

These thoughts lead a solitary nocturnal way of life, attacking other creatures, paralyze with a blast sting, and drive in their victim. Most of the scorpions eat coma and spiders, tear their tissues and internal organs down, and then whistle them. More see also lizards, snakes and other savants.

Imperial scorpion

Among the great representatives of the corral imperial scorpion(Pandinus imperator) that sacks in the forests and shrouds of Africa. In black color and reach 20 cm in a dozhina, harchuetsya sound termitami.

Stone scorpion

Another great species also comes from Africa - stone scorpion(Hadogenes troglodytes). The hollow of the body can reach close to 21 cm. For the help of its curved claws, it is easy to fight on the rocks, and splashing of the body allows you to swim near the narrow gorges. Scorpios are also popular home favorites. Especially great and long-lived see. Apparently, the valor of the life of such representatives has been over 20 years.

Malaysian Fox Scorpion photo:exolife.asia

Black scorpion(Heterometrus spinifer), which is the same as living in the woods - under the decks and singed leaves. The length of this scorpion is up to 12 cm.

Genuris photo:Abubakr Mohammad

The 10 most important things often include genurisa(Leiurus quinquestriatus), or the Palestinian pustle scorpion. Vіn maє zhovte zabarvlennya, dozhina yogo body trohi more than 6 cm. Rubbing a scorpion can lead to brain damage or brain damage, as well as causing anaphylactic shock.

Androctonus rumptail photo: YanikR

Particularly irritating to the bites of genuris and other unsafe scorpions are children and people of a frail age. Not less unsafe also cares androctonus rhinoplasty(Androctonus crassicauda) in the form of rubbish, as a person has grown up in the world for 7 years. The area of ​​​​residence of the first species is Pivnichna Africa and Blizky Skhid. Vin reaches 10 cm of the bridesmaid.

photo:Julia Gregory

A lot of sightings of scorpions sing love dances, as if they sounded to sing from 30 to 60 minutes, or they can sing from 5 times up to 2 days. After 3-18 months of pregnancy, the average is 26 scorpions. Females, most of which have been seen, make cats for the help of the first and the first and the other bet, so that they can win the newly born at the people. Before the first stink, spend an hour on the mother's back.

Pustel hairy scorpion photo: scabies.myfreeforum.org

Live in Pivnichny America pustel hairy scorpion(Hadruru sarizonensis) is the largest specimen in this galusi. Vіn growth up to 14 cm zavdovka.

Crimean scorpion photo:arrabiadance.com

Endemic to Krim ‒ Crimean scorpion(Euscorpius tauricus) can have a light-yellow color, sag among stones, and also in old houses, live on bugs and horses.

Scorpions and Hybnoscorpions the fauna of the world is spreading on different continents and may have the most diverse places of living.

Hibnoscorpions, as a rule, are colorful for people, so that the stench will spit on the larvae of moths, beetles, ants, mites, flies. The stench is small and not shkidlivy, sound troch more than 2-3 mm, rarely reach 7 mm. The largest chibnoscorpions, Gary Pustanius lingering on the Ascension Island gary pusbeauvoisi, Who lives on the birches of the sea, you can see the mother's dove up to 12 mm.

Widely wide in nature, but little memory through small gaps and a secret way of life. Today, science sees more than 3,300 species of hybnoscorpions, but the number is steadily increasing. These are spider-like with a flat pear-shaped body and mites that make scorpions guess.

Seeing what is chirping all over the world - book hybnoscorpion(Chelifer cancroides), lingering in libraries and museums. Yogo can be beaten like a hut of a human being, so under the bark of old stumps, in vulikas, in stale nests of birds, in sheds and sheds.

In the whole world you can see hybnoscorpions. For example, see the family neobisium it is more important to live with mosses and humus, representatives Chthonius- under the stones, at the cracks of the skel, often in the caves, but you see Chernes‒ under bark and in wooden rubbish.

Most of the false scorpions are seen in the tropics. Most of them lead a nocturnal way of life, and like scorpions they can easily scoot along the surface, to roam in quiet gatherings. Hybnoscorpions do not become unsafe for the people and do not mourn the life.

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Briefly about the death of scorpions. The picture is clickable and can be enlarged

Scorpions for their similarity to river crayfish are sometimes called land crayfish. Cover the body of the scorpion with chitin. Two great fore-ends end with a great size of claws. Chotiri pari bigalnyh nizhok attached to a wide front cherevtsya, and doge zadnyocherev'ya, called a tail among the people, ends with round tufts with gostrim, like a golka, a thorn on yogo kіnci. In the new world, the blight of a creature is chained to itself. Scorpions on the front end of the body have a pair of great and up to five pairs of ancient white eyes.

Budova scorpions. The picture is clickable and can be enlarged

Rosemary scorpions in different sizes - from 2-3 cm to 15-25 cm. Often you see scorpions, which may be yellow or greenish. For example, live near Pivdenny Europe yellow-green scorpion. In small creatures, the body sometimes looks like a translucent one, in others it has thicker tones, it looks like a brown tint. So, for example, vіdomy stringy scorpion, as well as black, or tow-tailed. Great tropical scorpions are not safe for humans.

Chorniy, or a tow-tailed scorpion (Androctonus). Maє filthy zіr, however, tse do not care for you to spit and eat great clods and critters of the backbone

Academician Yvgen Nikanorovich Pavlovsky, speaking about scorpions, thoughtfully remarking: “Why, why for a thousand years, if you changed geographically, your class died, drive away creatures, and scorpions were not only left behind with such similar ones, saving their lives on distant ancestors . well. Dosi tse zalishaetsya mystery.

Indeed, a lot of terrestrial sources recognized the original metamorphoses, and scorpions preserved their original image. Why? Only one clue is possible: perhaps nature made their floorings perfect, endowing them with a sufficient supply of mentality, so wash the middle, which change, did not bring anything to their outer and inner attachments. Before speech, in whose plan one can guess such creatures, like crocodiles and turtles, looking like them, they practically did not change the same way as their ancient ancestors.

About those that the scorpions for a thousand years did not change under the infusion of the middle, to celebrate the old scorpions on the fireplace. The stench is few among current representatives. This most recent death of arthropods, no wonder, there are few vines.

In Denmark, from the families of scorpions, there are 77 flat and up to 700 species, and in Russia and the countries of the near abroad, 2 families see 7 flats and a total of 12 species of these spider-like creatures. In the Caucasian species of scorpions - yellow, tow-tailed (or black), collective farm, Abkhazian. In the Caucasus there are 5 species of scorpions, in Azerbaijan - 3 species, which belong to the same genus. There are over 80 species of scorpions in India.

Scorpion species Leiurus quinquestriatus is the most representative of the corral. Contaminated creatures can vary in the fallow land according to the place of residence

With scorpions it is possible to streak up to the height of the mountain and high in the mountains - at a height of up to 2 yew. m above the level of the sea, as well as in crevices, gorges, deserts, more often for stones, more clods and other objects of eating. Quite often stinks can be found in the most important places for them, especially in tropical regions.

In less warm regions, scorpions fall at the hibernation from the ear of cold. Winter hibernation among scorpions takes place among the deep, sometimes up to 4 m, cracks in the skel, under the stones, and traps - and among the inhabitants of the people.

Widened scorpions are the leading rank in areas with hot and warm climates. The largest number of vipadkіv otrujnnya otrujnnya otrujnnya otrujnnya people otpenny tsikh creatures recorded near Pivdenniy and Central America, near Mexico, Pivnіchnіy and Pivdenniy Africa, on the Close Descent. In Brazil, for example, scorpion bites in the guinea are 0.8 to 1.4% among the injured adults, among schoolchildren - 3 - 5% of the number of bites, and among young children the mortality rate from stings is 15 - 20%. Tse dosit high numbers.

In the present hour, scorpions, yak and spiders are wiped out, victorious in biochemistry, molecular biology, neurophysiology and other science galleries.

Not much about seeing scorpions

The number of scorpions

Irrespective of this, it would have been better if I would not rob the body of the body, scorpions are more like shvidka and spritna. Qikavo describes one of the biologists-araneologists of scorpion watering in Central Asia. Seeing three scorpions at once, roaming these boules with a lilac box and one of these letters of a yellow-black color, A. Nedyalkov, pointing tweezers at one of them, scarletly swiping a stone and a bove like that, followed by another scorpion, then a third . Turning over a sprat of stones, they revealed more scorpions. One of them was hoarded and planted in a box. If they planted another, the first one caught the name of the name and hit the head of the araneolog with the sleeve of the shirt. The biologist, throwing the box and becoming a tweezer, beat on the sleeve, trying to throw off the scorpion that you are carrying forward. The ruhi of the araneolog were similar to the Papuan dance. Regardless of critical situation, yoga comrades vibrated with laughter. Nareshtі scorpio spribnuv from the sleeves to the ground and buv like that. From the box that opened, vt_k and another yogo relative, and everything became for the treatment of infirmity.

Reproduction that turbota about offspring

Scorpions are mostly viviparous, but they are ovoviviparous, so, in some children, they are born immediately after laying a female egg. The number of germs sounds from 10 to 30. Having appeared in the world, the little ones quietly climb on the back of their mother, crying through the unevenness of the chitinous curve, and calmly move through the first days, sitting on their backs.

The same female scorpion led her own primary way of life. After a few days (from 7 to 10) after the first molting, the young fry leave their matir and begin to lead an independent way of life. In the first three months, scorpions molt three times, then once a month, and then only once per river.

The state maturity of the scorpion reaches through the sprat of rocks, stretching out like a stench to grow, throwing off the old and swelling the new chitinous curve. Live stench close to five rokіv, moreover, more vidіv can do without water for a long time.

Scorpios are the most recent death among arachnids, and among terrestrial arthropods. As it was planned, the stench is to represent the naschadkіv Paleozoic eurypterids, and it's a good example of among arthropods, de z paleontological materials to make it easy to cross the transition from aquatic life to land life. Among the Silurian eurypterids, forms were found that were similar to scorpions, but lived near the water and wild with the help of black zyabrovyh nizhok. The remains of the ground scorpions have turned into legends. The life of the walking nigs also changed. In water forms, the stench ended with a host segment ( group of gospods- Apoxipodes), the terrestrial legs buckled up and their last parts turned on the segmented paws, stuck to the dry land ( group of two-clawed- Dionychopodes). Terrestrial forms, fading similar to modern scorpions, are already present in deposits of the stone-coal period.

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Scorpios - medium rosemary or large forms, sound 5 - 10 cm, up to 20 cm. Behind the common scorpions, they are the closest to the chelicerate prototype. Three types of body - pro-, mesota metasome - are well-shaped, the skin is composed of 6 segments. The cephalothoracic shield is strong, on the new one there are a pair of large middle eyes and up to 5 pairs of other biceps. The cheliceri are small, claw-like, the pedipalps are even large with massive claws. On the coxae of the pedipalp and two anterior pairs of legs and chewing buds, straightened up to the mouth. The cuticle with a wide base adjoins to the cephalothorax, the front (7th) segment of atrophy. The anterior margin of the cuticle (mesosoma) is broader, its segments may have water-reinforced tergites and stubbles; types of bellies are represented by a new set: statuary caps on the eighth segment, comb-like organs on the ninth segment, legenev bears on the tenth-thirteenth segment. Segments of the posterior ventral (metasomy) are cylindrical, tergite and sternite of the skin segment of the lesion in the sclerite ring; the first segment of the metasomy is finite. The metasoma ends with a swollen caudal segment, the new one has a bruised ridge, a duct that opens up to the end of a crooked sharp sting. The scutes of the tubule and the segments of the kinks are covered with a hard cuticle, which often has a ribbed or hunchbacked sculpture.

Scorpions live near the lands with a warm or hot climate, and they thrive in different places of residence, in the watery forests and littoral of the seashores to the barren stony mosses and desert deserts. Deyakі see known near the mountains on the heights of 3 - 4 yew. m above the sea level. It is accepted to differentiate between hygrophilous species of scorpions, which live in watery areas, and those xerophilous, which grow in dry areas. Alecey gave a significant peace of mind, to which all stinks are active at night, and in the day they hide in shelters, under stones, under a cow, which they saw, in the burrows of other creatures, or they bury themselves in the ground, so in dry areas they know the place, destatn again Vologa. More viraznі vіdminnosti vіdnoshenі vіdnoshenі to temperature. Most of the species are thermophilic, but deyak, who live high in the mountains, as well as the number of pivnichny and pvdenny cordons in the area of ​​widened scorpions, endure cold winters in an inactive camp. You see deyaki found in the caves, but here there are vipadkovy pribults. Scorpios are not a few sightings of human life, but there are no right spivmeshkantsiv people (synanthropes) among them.

The way of life of scorpions was entrusted to the elders, with the help of my goiters, to Fabr. When morning in the zholobi, the sounds of scorpions sing, and, as a way to respect the deacons of the author, there is no greater willfulness, lower scorpion.

Scorpions in captivity will require a sufficient mind expansion and ability free choice: the area of ​​the garden is large, the difference in the water content of the soil or the sand in the different yogo plots, the visibility of the soil, the periodic change in the lightness and the temperature is thin.

The scorpion comes out for poluvannya at night and is especially active in the spec. Vіn povіlno go with a lifted "tail", having put forward pedipalps with open pincers. Vіn peresuvaєtsya on dotik, the main role in which dotichni hairs (trichobothria) of pedipalps play. The scorpion even strangely reacts to the dotik to a rumpled object and either hoots it up, as if it were a viable boot, or it enters, adopting a menacing pose: the “tail” bends sharply over the cephalothorax and swings it from side to side. Species buttocks are constricted by pincers of pedipalps and are led up to heliceres. Even if it is small, then it is immediately crushed by chelicerae and instead of clay. Like a vidobutok to repair an opir, a scorpion to sting him alone, or a sprat of razіv, ruthless and rubbing in. Scorpions live on live prey, the objects of watering are even more diverse: spiders, sinokosts, bugatons, various coma and their larvae, in the form of voles eating small lizards and hitting targets. Scorpions can go hungry for a long time, they can be saved without a living for a few months, in the form of hunger strikes until the second fate. Most of the sights, ymovirno, all life can do without water, but the deacons of the baggy tropical fox drink water. With a sum of money in small cages, a scorpion often eats a twin.

The biology of reproduction is original. The mating is preceded by “a favorite walk”. The male and the female claw and lift their tails vertically, so many years and days to walk together. Call the male, zadkuyuchi, pull the passive female behind you. Let's see copulation. With whom, individuals hovayutsya in hiding, like a male, not letting the female in, quickly looking for help with no “tail”. Spermatophore filling. Individuals stick with the ventral sides of the anterior openings of the cuticle, and the male injects packets of spermatozoa into the female's duct, and then sees a special secret, which seals the opening of the female. It is important that when pairing, the role is played by combs - modifications of the ninth segment. The stench may be numerically organi sensitive. At a calm comb, they are squeezed to the head, when mating, the stinks growl and tingle. Ale stinks growl and at the transfer of a scorpion, and they are also assigned the role of organs of equal and other functions.

Scorpions are most importantly viviparous, deaks have seen laying eggs, in which the offspring are already divorced, and juveniles sprout indefinitely. Tse is called ovoviviparous. Development of embryos in thіlі mother trivaly; from a few months to the rock and more. In some species, the eggs are rich in ovaries and the embryos develop in egg shells, in others, the eggs may not be able to, and the embryos can easily emerge from the lumen of the ovary. In the world of their growth, the number of ovary bulges is established, in which germs are hidden. The stench is alive with the sight of special salivary appendages of the ovary.

Ancestors are born from 5-6 to a few dozen, sometimes close to a hundred. Little scorpions are wrapped up in embryonic shell, as if they were thrown off without a hitch. The stench rises on the mother's body and lingers on it for 7-10 days. Scorpions of the first century do not eat actively, they stink, they have a smooth coat and thin hairs, their paws are relieved of their claws and they hang on suckers. Lashing on the body of the female, the stench molt, and after a day they leave the matir and repair it independently. After the linnyanna, twist, harden and zabarvlyuyutsya, on the paws the toes appear. The scorpion grows older through the rіk-pіvtor after the people, roblyachi for the whole hour 7 links. The trivality of life has not been established exactly, but it will ring out no less than a few fates. There are a lot of fluctuations of anomalies that are blamed on embryonic development scorpions, for example, a sub-war of the “tail”, moreover, individuals of life and age grow to a mature state (“two-tailed scorpion” is already known by the Roman scholar Pliny the Elder in his “Natural History”, I century AD).

Hardly bend that junk apparatus do not always rush scorpions into enemies. They are handled by great huts, bugatons, salpugs, deaks, spiders, praying mantises, lizards, birds. You see the mavp, like they caress the scorpions, carefully seeing the “tail”. But the worst enemy of the scorpion-man. From a long time ago, a scorpion was the subject of an ogide and a mystical flame, and, perhaps, there is no other arthropod, as it gave rise to b styles of guesses and legends. The scorpion is figured in the ancient myths of the Egyptians and Greeks, and in the writings of the middle alchemists as a magical attribute of the "transformation" of lead into gold, and in astrology, the scorpion of the scorpion of the » Tsіkavі zapevnennya that scorpions can end their lives with “self-doubt”: if you sharpen a scorpion to the vugills, to burn, then wine, to escape a painful death, don’t beat yourself with a blow of a sting. Tsya thought does not show validity, but may be under oneself to support. On the right, in being a scorpion, it is similar to some other arthropods, under the influence of strong underdogs, it can fall into an unruly camp - a manifestation of apparent death (catalepsy, or thanatosis). Being a whistle-blower to burn, the scorpion, surprisingly, throws itself into a frightful exit, assumes a menacing pose, waving its “tail”, and then becomes unruly with a rapt. Qiu picture and vvazhayut "self-destruction". Ale, after a deaky hour, such a scorpion "comes to life", as if the wine did not spiky in the speck. It’s just as unprimed to finish the thought that the scorpion of the night specially wakes up the sleeping people, so that I can squeeze it. There, de scorpion rich, the stench of the scorching nights, zdіysnyuyuuch their myslivskie walks, often see life and can rise and lie down. If a sleeping person strangles a scorpion, or if it hits him, then a scorpion can hit with a “tail”, but there are no special jokes of a person here, obviously.

An injection to a scorpion - I will attack and defend. On other spineless ones, like calling out to serve even the scorpion, otruta de mayzhe mittevo: the creature immediately stops collapsing. But more bagatonic women and clods do not die immediately, and after an injection they live a day or two; And so coma, yak, mabut, vzagali insensitive to the disgust of scorpions. For other savts, the scorpion rot is more important than deadly. The diversity of different species of scorpions is also different. For a person, a scorpion sting is usually not fatal, but it leads to a series of depressions with even more serious consequences, instills a fatal consequence, especially in children and in a squalid climate. When pricked, there is whiteness, plumpness, then drowsiness sets in, chills, and other temperature reactions. Ring out in a day or two, the appearances will pass, but they can be delayed. All lie down in the form of what kind of scorpion injections, whom that de. We have a greater incidence of scorpion bites in Central Asia and Transcaucasia, where scorpions are so numerous.

There are about 600 species of scorpions, which lie down to about 70 genera and 6 families. The geographic expansion of scorpions becomes of great interest for zoogeography - the science of the laws of expansion of creatures. Being the most ancient terrestrial arthropods, scorpions reproduce in their wide geological and climatic changes and changes in the growth and creature groups that have been rich in the history of the Earth. The exchange of opportunities for the settlement of scorpions gives special value to them: most of the time, those other forms are present there, de zumili to save themselves from long ago.

Rozrobtsі klassifikatsії and vyvchennya widening of scorpions assigned to practice are low vchenih. Dzhe tsіnnі dsledzhennya A. A. Byalinitsky-Birulі, like a robot about scorpions in the Caucasus (1917), having created a miraculous analysis of materials about the expansion of that evolution of scorpions vzagali. In the given hour, the area of ​​expansion of scorpions encircles the earth's core between approximately 50 ° pіvnіnії i pіvdennoї latitude, ale and in the last epoch, right up to the end of the tertiary period, if the climate is more warm and the water is weaker in the higher latitudes, scorpions

For morphological signs, scorpions are divided into large groups: butoids, represented by the Buthidae family (up to 300 species), and hacktoids(Other families). It is worth noting that these groups were divided at a distant hour, even more so in the Silurian period, and from that hour the skin evolved in its own way, reflecting the manifestations that poured into the rozpodіl fauna (the rose of the continents, changing the climate and that). The widening of primitive representatives of these groups confirms the data of geology about those that the world's land for a long time (from the ear of the Paleozoic up to the first half of the Cenozoic era) was divided by the seas into two complexes of continents - pivnichny and pivdenny. So, the old-time butoidina pіrodina - Isometrinae - is widened more importantly in Africa and Pvdenny America, and for Pivdenny America and at the same time, Australia is characterized by its own family Bothriuridae. The ancient hacktoid scorpions of the families Chactidae and Vejovidae are associated with the subtropical belt of the bee tree in the Old and New Worlds and the famous daily in Africa and Australia.

The picture of the current wideness of scorpions is the result of a collapsible search for faunal elements in different epochs and a wide spread of the land on the zoogeographical area, insertions on the background of the widening of the creatures in the sun. In the Buthidae family, podrodins, and often canopies, are strictly confined to the singest zoogeographic regions, so that endemism may be high. Thus, the subrodinae Centrurinae and Tityinae inhabit the Central American regions of the neotropical region. The canopies of Parabuthus and Babycurus and Buthinae are characteristic of the Ethiopian region of Africa (during the day in the Sahara); рід Grosphus grows less in Madagascar. A lot of births linger beyond the borders of the pustels from the Atlantic Ocean to India, representing the tsukro-Indian faunal elements. Canopies of Isometrus and Isometroides are characteristic of the Australian fauna. Among the hacktoid scorpions, a high level of endemism is led by families and whole families. The Scorpionidae family is mainly represented by the Ethiopian forms, the Madagascan genus Heteroscorpius and the Indo-Malayan Heterometrus. In the family Chactidae, as it was said, there are no Ethiopian species; Podіbne broadening pіrodin family Vejovidae. The family Bothriuridae is mostly American, but you can see that they live in Australia and Sumatra. The fauna of India is especially rich in scorpions, there are over 80 species. The fauna of the Palearctic has about 100 species, while the SRSR has about 15 species.

In Transcaucasia, Lower Volga and throughout Central Asia stringy scorpion(Buthus eupeus), which satisfies low expectations. Wine brown-yellow with dark patches and late smugs on the back, up to 6.5 mm zavdovka. At Krimu, especially on the Pivdenny birch, not rare Crimean scorpion(Euscorpius tauricus), more powerful than Krimu. Vіn svіtlolozhovty, claw vuzki, buri, dozhina 35-40 mm. Zakhidny Transcaucasus has a wonderful Mingrelian scorpion(E. mingjelicus), reddish-brown, light below, up to 40 mm wedge. Living on the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus italian scorpion(E. italicus), red-bury or mayzhe black, up to 55 mm zavdovka.

Life of creatures: in 6 volumes. - M: Enlightenment. Edited by professors N.A.Gladkov, A.V.Mikhiev. 1970 .