Roslin Galyavini. Slimak garden (Cepaea hortensis). De live ravliki
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Widely wide at stagnant water-holes is pain and lakes. The shell of this ravlik is streaked with its thinness and spiral curls with pale brown streaks, sometimes with a slight greenish tint and brown smugs. It’s clear that the shell color of these mollusks is unstable. As a rule, the wine varies with the age of the rablik. If the ravlik hovaєtsya in the shell, її the girl's throat is tightly closed with a lid with clearly pronounced concentric females. The body of the meadow can also be planted with a cicada of infestation: on dark aphids, golden specks spread across the whole area. Ravlik shakes with his shovel-like ril with tentacles, at the base of which are widened eyes.
The lawns are nothing but mollusks, to that, on the vіdmіnu vіd kotushok, the stench does not go up on the surface of the water for a black portion again. The stench of the building is dihati, we are sour, which is to take place at the water warehouse. Zavdyaki tsіy domineering, tsі ravlika already powerfully rise to the level of water. At that moment, if the sour becomes insufficient, the Galyavins die. As you have bred many mollusks, you will have to constantly follow for the ideal cleanliness in the aquarium and for the abundance of sour water.
It is best to trim galyavins in shallow aquariums with a thick ball of soil. It is necessary for the stinks to be able to rush in there and by themselves get their own food. To the point, zavdyakovu zavdyakovu zabarvlenny galyavin, їх often stray іz decorative types of ravlikіv, zokrema ampullarіyami. To that, unseen aquarists often sell galyavins for statutory prices. Wanting to really buy them rarely. Mostly they just exchange or catch themselves.
Goduvannya Galyavin
Luzhanka can be boldly called an all-round mollusk. Zarivayuschisya, she herself knows herself and does not need a special special education. True, sometimes you can pamper your aquarium fish with fish food or calcium, which is hidden in the egg shell. So, you can buy a special crade for her (to help shape the hardness of the shell). At the same time, it is not possible to give a special “school” crade, even if there is glue in the warehouse. Basically, ravliks eat leftover fish food, roslins that rot, as well as excrement of some kind of fish. The main advantage of galyavins is those that the stench does not їdyat living decorative roslins, on the vіdmіnu vіd іnshih ravlikіv.
Breeding galyavin
Luzhanki grow up to separate ravlics, the buds develop in the middle of the female. In view of the greater number of mollusks, Galyavin does not lay eggs, but more and more wine offspring. Deyakі amateurs call tsikh ravlikіv viviparous. Tse spravzhnіy belongings for quiet, who doslіdzhuє embryonic development fruitful. Small mollusks are thriving, the stench will immediately begin to lead an independent way of life. Before the speech, tsі aquarian inhabitants of the tsiliy rіk multiply.
See Galyavin
Luzhanki are divided into two main types:
real - dosit is great in size. The height of the shell can reach 4-5 centimeters. Brownish-dark zabarvlennya saw their s-nimzh іnshih mollusks.
smugasta - this species of meadows is breathtaking with its small sizes (height of the shell is 2-4 cm). Trohi of greens overflowing with the ravly's zabarvlennya nadaє їy osoblії vishukanosі, why її you can easily stray from the tropical look of ravlikіv.
In principle, there is no such thing as a great difference between types of meadows. So it has already developed, that aquariums are more important for the better plant of dark-skinned mollusks. Singingly, the stink shards are more predictive of decorative tropical inhabitants, they look better at the scorched aphids of aquariums.
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Slimak belongs to the kingdom of creatures, to the type of mollusks, to the class of chervopods or gastropods (Gastropoda). The Latin designation of the horse was vanished after that transformation of the two words of the old Greek adventure: “γαστήρ”, which meant “heart” and “πούς”, which means “leg”. The Russian version of the name "ravlika" vinik from the Old Slavonic prikmetnik "ulitъ", which is translated as "empty". In this rank, a rablik is a creature who should wear an empty hut on his back, ukrittya.
Description ravlika, Budov, characteristics, photographs. How does the ravlik look?
Like all representatives of the cheriopods, the ravlik can be called a shell and a tulub, which the head and leg make. The body of a ravlik is immediately and with a special transfer, and a cherev. A special fold is curved at the top of yoga, as it is called a mantle. The space between them is called an empty mantle. At the sights that linger near the salty waters of the seas and oceans, as well as at the freshwater lakes, at the empty mantles, chaffs grow. To create a steady stream of water, which washes the winter feathers, at the empty mantle:
- an inlet siphon, through which water enters the empty place, which fills the organs with sourness;
- exit siphon to serve as a remote water outlet.
Krіm organіv, scho zabepechuyut organіzm ravlika sour, in the mantle there are external ducts of nirok, here included the article of the apparatus and the visual system.
In the rabliks who live on land, the empty mantle has changed to its own legenia. For the intake of dust in the organs of the stomach, they have a ventral opening, rotting the edge of the shell of the ravine or in the anterior part of the muscular body.
Eyes are seen on the head of the rabbi, ruffled on the stalks, one or two pairs of tentacles, like the functions of the organs of the dot, and the mouth.
How many teeth does a rabbi have? I chi maє won teeth?
In all creatures from the class of calicopods, the company has a special organ, which is called the radula. Vіn podnuє in sobі ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї і yazyka ravlika і folded z cartilaginous plate, on yakіy in kіlka rows roztashovuyutsya raznomanіtnі for the form of rablik teeth.
The ravliks, who are eating a dewy hedgehog, have dribbling teeth, the hutted rabbis have teeth of a larger size, like a shape that can look like a crimson peak. A ravlik can have up to 25,000 teeth. Sound on the radula, rebuy 120 rows of 100 teeth at the skin row, at a time close to 12,000 teeth.
In some of the sharpest species, the teeth in the middle are empty. On it, toxins flow from a special burrow and paralyze the victim.
All chereon-legged filths have a sense of hearing, which is compensated by a well-disposed dot and scent, which help them to know how to orient themselves in space.
Zabarvlennya that rozmіri ravliki fall in the species belonging.
Ravlika graj mucus for mollusk important role. Ravlik is lifted along a thin ball of slime, which helps forging and protects the body from damage.
Sink ravlika
The characteristic rice of the cheriopods is the presence of the oval mica ukritt - the shell. The material for the "budinochka" building is calcium carbonate and special protein, which is vibrated by clitins, mashed in the mantle of the mollusk. In the world, the growing creatures grow and expand the shells of the ravlik.
The sink of a ravlika can have a flat spiral and a turbospiral (conical) shape, and its surface can be absolutely smooth or covered with various growths.
Practically in all ravics, the coils in the spiral are straightened with a levoruch;
The conical shape of the shell is the reason for the asymmetrical development internal organs creatures. Razmіri shells and її rosmalovka raznomanіtnі.
Іsnuyu see ravlikіv z zvnіshnіm zahistom reduction: zamіst mіtsnoї stink shells vapnya plate, buried in the middle of the folds of the mantle.
To such sights one can see the slimaks that linger in all the cities.
Where do ravliki live?
The area of expansion of the landscapes includes almost all climatic zones earthly backwoods, Behind the grapes of the districts, which are covered with eternal ice, those equal waterless deserts. Eating chervonopod mollusks is possible both in the warm waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, and in the depths of the Barents and Pivnichny Icy Ocean.
Expanded gastropods in the tropical forests of Africa and Pivdenny America, leafy forests of Russia and parks of Pivnichnoy America, freshwater reservoirs of Nimechchina, Spain, France and India, China and Japan. The main mind for a comfortable living is ravlikiv є vologіst is advanced, otherwise the body of the mollusk is dry, and the creature is dead.
What do the rabbits eat in nature?
On the basis of the food you eat, you can say that the diet of gastropod mollusks is diverse and lie in the midst of living. Young grasshoppers live in the fresh soft parts of the roslin (sedge, young greenery of the roslin, sorrel, cabbage leaves and so on), the proteus changes for a long time, and the raviki begin to eat the roslin. Deyakі ravliks are eating clods and carrion.
Horse-tailed ravliks eat other relatives and crustaceans, chrobaks and flies, and sea ravliks eat ribs, vicorist to paralyze them with poison.
See the rabbits, name the photo. Marine, freshwater, land, winter and legenevy ravli
The class of calicopods includes more than 110,000 species, more than 1.6 thousand live in Russia.
The best ravlik in the world- all geographic cone ( conus geographus)
bagger of the Indian and the Pacific Ocean. A portion of the toxin, which viroblya won, is enough to kill 10 grown-ups. Until this hour, we were not able to know how to effectively counteract it. The geographic cone opposes its victims for additional bruising gloom with a high amount of insulin, which sharply reduces the level of sugar in the blood of the victim.
The smallest ravlik in the world- tseravlik Angustopila dominikae
Її razmіr warehouse є 0.86 mm. In one ear of the head, a sprat of such ravioli can grow.
The biggest ravlik in the world- tse giant Australian trumpeter ( Syrinx aruanus)
Yogo vaga stores 18 kg at a time from the mollusk itself, and the shell reaches 91 cm. The area of residence is coastal areas in Australia, as well as sea expanses in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
For the purpose of living, all different varieties of ravliks are subdivided into land, freshwater and marine, and the type of wild - into legenev and winter.
Cars
Typical representatives of this group are:
grape ravlik (Helix pomatia)
to milk the great European land mollusk with a spirally curved shell, the diameter of which reaches 50 mm, and the number of turns is 5. The length of the leg of the grape ravlik is 40 to 50 mm wide with a width of about 20 mm. The color palette, in the yak, the shell of the ravlik can be poached, it can be tinted from cream to red-brown. For all time, the first three turns in black are intertwined with dark and light females. On the surface of the shell of the grape ravlik, the ribs are clearly visible. In natural minds, a grape ravlik can live from 8 to 20 years. Sacks of won near the central and lower-lying areas of Europe, especially often near the borders of the Baltic. People from a long time ago got used to zhu grape ravlikiv.
From spring to cold months, the ravlik was an active way of life. With the arrival of cold weather, it buries itself in the soil by 30 cm at the depth, and it falls into anabiosis. The neck of the shell under the hour of winter is curled up with an epiphragm, a vape cork.
Ravlik cat (Planorbidae)
The shell of this mollusk may look like a flat twisted spiral, similar to ram's horns, up to 35 mm in diameter and about 10 mm wide. It is similar to the color of the body and may be light beige to orange-brown. The body of the ravlik cat is of a conical shape with a head, on which one pair of horns is clearly visible. On the slopes there are clitins, sensitive to the infusion of light. Cotushki with bags of milky waters with a great number of thickets and a dead current, showing the dominance of the central part of Russia.
Achatina giant (Achatina fulica)
great land African ravlik. The length of the conical shell in mature individuals is pierced in 5 to 10 cm, and the number of turns is in 7 to 9. However, single specimens grow one by one, the length of which reaches 20 cm. Zabarvlennya "budinochka" to lie in the minds of living and zhі, but mostly consists of the husband of a reddish-brown and yellow color, which are drawn. The length of the leg of a mollusk can reach 30 cm. Achatina lives less in a tropical climate, in other regions it is less likely to roam in captivity.
Red roadside slug (Arion rufus)
land mollusk, which does not have a shell. I will play the role of playing a small dress, attached to the mantle of the creature. The body of the ravlika was pofarbovane in a red-brown abo orange color, and the soles of the feet are of light storms. Rozmіri tsy shkіdnik gardens and cities reach 100 mm of a zavdovka and 20 mm of a lintel. The whole body of the ravlik is covered with thick, unacceptable mucus. Live slimakiv near Europe.
Zyabrovі ravliki
Bitinii (Bithynia)
drіbnі freshwater ravliki with shells conical, ovoid chi tower-shaped. The top surface can be as smooth as it is covered with a spiral texture. Rosemary shells with 5 top turns do not exceed the height of 12-14 mm and the width of 9 mm, and they can be olive, dark gray or brown. The fallow that minds dwelling of individuals the trivality of the life of the rabliks kolivaetsya in 3 to 5 years. The area of residence is the borders of Europe, the pivnіchno-shіdnі regions of Asia, the territory of Pvnіchnі America.
Luzhanki (live-bearers) (Viviparidae)
small freshwater snail mollusks with a shell in what looks like a blunt cone, up to 40 mm long and about 30 mm wide. The shell of the Galyavin ravine is curled for 5 or 6 turns with swollen coils, which can form a relief sculpture. The color palette, in the yak of pofarbovani shells, lie down in the place of residence of the ravlik and may be red-brown, brown-yellow or light brown with a commemorative green color. Representatives of this type of freshwater rabliks are viviparous individuals. The main place of residence is Europe, the Crimean її pivnіchnyh regions. Zrіdka ravlik meadows grow in the lands of Scandinavia.
buccinumi (trumpeters) (Buccinum)
To finish the large sea ravli with a turtle up to 25 cm and up to 16 cm high. The top of the shell of a ravlik can be smooth or embossed with sweats. Ravlik is a trumpeter with a typical hut and paralyzes the victim for the help of a brittle line. Live more than in the cold waters of the ocean in Pivnichnoi pivkul.
See aquarium rabbits
Aquarium farmers can live in all types of aquariums. It’s a lot of them to eat the leftovers of їzhі that smіtya, rotting growth, dead fish, other ravlikiv, clean it up, and the deaks from them simply smuggle admiration with their beauty. Most of the aquariums are universal, and the aquariums are planted with the method of cleaning the aquarium. Ale, sorry, all you see ravlikiv poїdatimut more aquarium growth and fish caviar, so don't get ahead of yourself. In addition, aquaria ravliki already multiply rapidly. Let's take a look at the main types of aquarium species.
Cotushka ( Planorbidae)
one of the most important rabbits in the aquarium. Small for rosemary, can milk the cicavia old look And that is why it is popular among factory workers. The rosemary of the cat should not be more than 3 cm. Cats eat excess feed and algae. Dihayut like atmospheric sourness, and sourness, sourness in drinking water. The brittleness of the cats lies in the fact that the stench eats bacterial spittles, which appear on the surface of the aquarium. Older cats live 3-4 years.
Neriti (birthplace of Neritidae)
brown and beautiful aquarium ravlik. Rosemary її become close to 2 cm. The hardness of the water is to blame for the middle or high water, moreover, the water should be changed more often. The trivality of the life of a rablik neritin becomes 1 r_k. With a sharp change in the minds of the morning, the ravel can perish. Zabarvlennya neritin raznomanitne - from black to olive, with variegated smugs and speckles. How and іnshі see aquarium ravlikіv, neritini good to clean the water. Іsnuє kіlka vidіv ravlikіv, scho enter to the family of neritins.
Ampoule ( Pomacea bridgesii, Ampullaria australis)
є to finish with a wide view of aquarium ravlikіv, ale vimoglya to zmіstu, and that is not so popular among aquarists. Appetite and growth of ampoule chimali, in case of lack of food, stench is eaten by young growths. Rosemary of aquaria species varies from 5 to 15 cm. In the meantime, fish can fit into an aquarium, which is more suitable for them in closed-type aquariums, even if they cannot live under water in an ampoule. The optimum water temperature can be 17-30 degrees. When the temperature rises near the water, the life of a rabbit can shorten. Ampoules are delayed up to 4 years. The stinks don't get used to the fish ribs, like ravliks. The best food for fish is suitable for any kind of aquarium fish.
Fiza (Physa )
The most popular among aquarists is a species of aquarium ravliks. Rosemary ravlika does not exceed 2 cm. Fiza actively feeds on living aquarium algae, and you can live without water. Physiologically multiply quickly, so the stench is not always good for the aquarium, so it needs to be obov'yazkovo according to their numbers. Physically, it’s better to clean the aquarium with bacterial scum and green sludge on the walls. The optimum water temperature for this type of aquarium species is to fall below 20 degrees. The hardness of the water can be in the range of 8-18 degrees, so that it is necessary to bring the water down to the rubble shell.
Tilomelannya (Tylomelania )
more garniy ravlik, but it will require singing minds of the morning. Dovzhina ravlika can reach 12 cm. The sink can be the most attractive colors, both smooth and spiked. The optimum temperature of the water on thylomolane water is 20 to 32 degrees. Water can be soft and high acidity. Raws of other species of thilomelanium get along badly. This kind of aquarium rabbits is ubiquitous; Tilomelaniya to love light and spaciousness in aquariums, for this there is a great number of roslins, bright light and the presence of sights do not fit this kind of rabliks.
Melania (Melanoides )
kind of aquarium ravlik, which quickly eats all the entrances in the aquarium and breeds quickly. The optimal temperature regime for a rablik vіd 18 to 28 degrees. Turtle melanії may have a final shape and a gray-green color from females. Rozmir ravliki become 3.5 cm. Have їzhi ravliki nevibaglivі.
Pagoda (brotiya) ( Brotia pagodula)
reach the zavdovka 6 div. The optimum water temperature for an aquarium fish is 20-26 degrees. For these ravlikiv, you need a sufficient amount of sour by the water. Like the soil of a bagan sand, as well as the presence of stone shaved. Slimaks pagoda eat algae and live as food for fish. The trivality of the life of the pagoda does not exceed 6 months.
Maryse (Marisa )
it is worth to finish the great ravlik, the width of the її shell becomes 1.8-2.2 cm, the diameter reaches 5.5 cm.
The optimum water temperature for marisi is 21-25 degrees, the water can be moderately acidic and hard. Slimaks can vibrate from the aquarium, it’s too bad to close it, flooding the expanse between the water and the roof, and even the raws rise to the surface and breathe again. Ravlika can be fed even for ribs, as well as with algae.
Helena (Clea helena)
a small species of aquarium rabbits, which reach at a size of 2-3.5 cm. The shape of the Helen shell is finite and does not have a tip. Helena Slimak loves to dig into the ground, which is made up of sand. Eating food for fish, other ravlikami and algae.
How do ravliks reproduce?
May you all see the snails, for a rare wine, they are oviparous. However, the way of flooding that masonry is to lie down in the minds of living creatures.
Cars who live near fresh waters and land, are hermaphrodites. These statutes can be folded budov and vibrate like a person, so a woman’s stave clitin. To that, the hour of the mating process is overflowing.
Slimaks, baggers of freshwater ponds, lay their eggs in special draglist capsules, and land raws lay their eggs in groups near the viritis fossa. The average number of eggs of a rabbit is 80-85 pcs. Їхнє ripening is three up to 21-28 days. Rabbit eggs can be different colors- Transparent, white, erysipelas, green.
The process of development of legenevyh ravlikiv should take place without transformation, bypassing the stage of the larva that swims. After the completion of the long term, the masonry is covered with ravliki, which were fully formed.
With the rice of the little ones, the shell is clear, which is harder in the world of growing creatures.
Zyabrovі ravlikiє razdіlnostatevimi creatures. These articles are unpaired. Human beings are dominated by the presence of one male and female conduit, and females - one ovary and oviduct. The laying of eggs of zyabrovі ravliki is spun in a special cocoon, secured with a locking lid, so that at the time of the appearance of the larvae they are different.
Often, for the protection of offspring, the old row of eggs at the hoard is filled with empty ones, in order to fool the hut, which makes it easier to get easy food.
The development of sea ravens is in the form of transformations: the larva appears from the eggs, which swims freely, as it is called the veliger or the windmill. The winds of special virosity are moving out, covered with thin “winds”, and eating fine particles of dewy and white hedgehog.
After a sprat of tyzhniv shaping, the individuals will end, and the young will sink to the bottom.
In the midst of the zyabrovyh mollusks, there are a few unique species of rabbits, yakі є “viviparous”. Tse tim, that the female ravlika does not lay eggs.
The stench is known in the body of the mother until full maturity, and offspring are born into the world, which have already been fully formed.
Ravliki, lingering on the earth's surface, scatter a great contribution to the establishment of a kindred soil-growth ball. So just yak wooden hrobaki abo microorganisms, stinks recycle rotting surpluses of leaves and herbs, cleansing the ecosystem in the area of residence. Krіm tsgogo, ravliky є the most important lanka in the grub lancets of rich creatures, being for them a dzherel of white water that water.
During the year in aquaria, land-based domesticated rabbits also prevail. For whom, friendly minds are created: a great sand is piling up at the bottom of the container, which is covered with soil like a beast. A piece of turf, moss and bark of a tree to complete the illusion of natural minds. It was only enough to cover the aquarium with the animal material, which let it pass again, so that the domestic rabbit did not flow in, and to raise the middle of the new water.
What suits the rabliks of domestic minds? What do homemade rabbits eat?
As food for a home-grown ravlik, you can give roslin leaves, finely chopped carrots and potatoes, zucchini and cabbage, cider and tomato, garmelon and licorice red pepper. You can make a homemade rabbit with wheat and wheat plasti. The walls of the aquarium need to be periodically sprinkled with standing water, so that the mollusks could satisfy the needs of the water. In order for the shell of domestic rabbits to be a mitzna, before the diet, include the bone borosno, kreid and finely ground chicken egg shells.
The main rule is to give a homemade rabbit in small doses, and give a new portion of it only after you clean up the excesses from the aquarium. It is not possible to include pickled, pickled, stewed and smoked products in the menu. Do not bring crusty creatures pasta food additives.
Ravliki - melancholy that Skoda
“What is the meanness of the ravliks?” - Ask you. In fact, the ravliks bring great mischief not only in aquaria, but also near waterways - rates, lakes. The stench is the primordial "asenizators": grown-up individuals from satisfaction caress with the excesses of roslin and algae that are near the water, do not row the products of life of the ribs, while they themselves rip open the water expanses in the area of their living from the decay of the water through the excess of organic matter.
I think that raws can soften the water, seeing from it the differences of calcium and vicorist yogo to “wake up” your own shell-shell. Tim is not less, it is seriously not necessary to put this fact too seriously: for example, the real vikoristovu deaku has a lot of calcium from water bodies, but after the death of the shells of snail mollusks, they are abandoned near the water, they decompose and re-saturate the soil and water with calcium.
The mucus of the rabbits is more relevant in cosmetology: it is used in the preparation of creams and ointments to regenerate, and the great Achatini butterflies have miraculously proven themselves to be professional “masseurs” in expensive beauty salons.
It's wonderful, but the meat of the rabbits is even more savory! Even from the hours of the Old Roman Empire, cooked from grape ravlik, it was valued as a vіdmіnny delicacy and served to the nobility on benquets. Today, special farms are being created in the rich countries, the tree is grown by itself for the cultivation of the lower meat in the hedgehog. To the point, the meat of the rabbit mayzhe is 25 times overturned for the inclusion of brown micronutrients and vitamins, the butter and chicken eggs.
It’s a pity, practically all land-based varieties of ravics are zatyatі shanuvalniks of cultural roslins, that’s why it’s not uncommon for ravliks to plant shkoda plantings near private cities and in rural areas, eating juice of cabbage leaves, savoring the fruits of tomato and sunnitsa
Ravlik tіlomelanny orange rabbit Tylomelania Orange
Ravlik Polymita picta
Ravlik Glaucus atlanticus
Ravliki are one of the most powerful coma. With this understanding, how to paint a ravlika can be absolutely leathery, and even in this way, in fact, there is absolutely nothing foldable. In order to explain clearly how to paint a child’s ravly, varto demonstrate the very qyu komakh or photographs, on which it is shown. Tse dopomozhe malyukovі memory of the peculiarities of the life of a ravlik.
Before that, how to paint a ravlik olive in stages, it is necessary to prepare:
one). Pen of black color;
2). Olivets;
3). Eraser;
4). Olive trees of various colors;
5). Paper sheet.
After that, as all those office supplies are attached, as if a little more has been refurbished, if it is prepared, you can proceed to the explanation of how to paint the ravlik:
1. Schematically paint the body of the rabbi and outline the yogo budinochka;
2. Paint the body of the coma. In order to paint the ravlik with an olive, it is necessary to know the peculiarities of yoga, otherwise the little ones will be unrealistic. For example, you need to visualize a couple of birds, as well as a couple of antennas. The edges of the body are ravly, but the trochs are uneven;
3. Now paint the rablik's bed, spreading yoga on the edge of the section;
4. Depict the surface, which is like a coma;
5. Circle the image with a pen. Clarify some details, for example, such as clerks on її tіlі and smugi on a night;
6. Having given a little troch, dry it up, rub the front little one with a gum;
7. Obviously, it is possible to paint a ravlika step by step with the simplest olive or with a pen. Ale, the little ones will be seen more finished, like yogo still rozfarbuvat. For tsієї meti zovsіm not obov'yazkovo vikoristovuvat kolorovі olіvtsі, even better pіdіdut practical be-yaki farbi. For example, as a vikoristovuvaty for rozfarbovuvannya watercolor, little widde more lower and dosit realistic. Cover the body of the ravlik with a light brown olive. Then shade the yogo with a red-brown color. Then, in a dark tone, cross the clitins on the tili komakhi;
8. Shade the space under the ravlik with a dark blue color. And then let's make a surface, according to the way a coma is given, a light green olive;
9. Rozfarbuy ravlik's house. For whom, hurry with colorful olives of various colors, beginning in brown and gray colors, and ending with green, blue and violet tones.
Now the little rabbi is ready! Having learned how to draw a coma, you can teach it and your child!
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FAMILY OF ZHIVORIDA, or LUZHANKI - VIVIPARIDAE
Livebearers, or galyavins - to grow large, others for roses after ponds in freshwater frosts of our waters. Їх recognized signє krishechka, What kind of viynyat z lead or disturb the mollusk closes the entrance to the sink.
Luzhanka (live-bearers) cant spirally right-wing(div. as a sign of twisting) shells up to 40 high and up to 30 mm wide, yak may look stupid cones, What is stacked from 5 or 6 turns. Werewolf the shells are swollen, in some species they are made of garne sculpture. Navel small chi vіdsutnіy. Girlo shells are oval, with a non-compacted edge. krishechka horn, ribbed and figured, rounded, at the attracted stani, the neck is curved. There are concentric smugs on the roof, and the core of the bowl (center) is close to the inner edge.
Males Luzhkov less females and in the female shell, the whorls are more swollen - that is why the female shell looks more rounded (div. the little ones are lower, 1 and 2).
Viviparous, or swamp meadow - Viviparus contectus: 1 - male, 2 - female, 3 - grater, 4 - zebra
sinks young meadows are not similar to grown-up ones, not only because of their size, but also because of their shape - the stink of a majestic bush, with 3 spiral rows of bristles, which can be washed on її kіlyuvatih ledges. Through the shells are given faceted. Qi bristles fall out of the vіkom.
Zabarvlennya shells of livebearers - red-brown, yellowish-brown or light brown from greenish. On shell wrappers often pass three dark brown smughi, but such females can be daily, especially in other mollusks
Often, nature is afraid overgrown meadows with algae, as if they were covering their shells green infusion absolutely prihovyuchi їх characteristic little ones. Sometimes the algae grow on the floorings clearly, which often cover the shell with a green fluff.
On the head there is a meadow proboscis, at the end of which roztashovuetsya mouth with a long time and a vuzkoy grater, The cloves seem to be ruffled in three rows (div. babies, 3).
Krym tsgogo, on the head there are two dovg tentacle(ribs, whiskers), like a ravlik, put forward if it collapses. In the female tentacles of the same company, and male the right tentacle is shortened, strongly widened (shovel-shaped) and serve as an organ of occlusion (marvelous figure, 1).
At the bases, tentacles (on the side) are placed on short stalks-supports eyes.
Tilo livestock has a dark gray-brown color, and on this dark background there are pinkish golden-brown specks. Leg in meadows it is muscular, massive, with a gouge on the lower surface.
Ruhu. The characteristic form of ruhu luzhkiv - povilny re-call along the substrate for the help of wide and flat legs.
Descriptions of views and illustrations taken from computer clerk of freshwater spineless Russia(Bogolyubov A.S., Kravchenko M.V., Moscow, Ecosystem, 2018).
On the sides of our website you can also read assistant in entomology: Introduction , Subject and task of entomology , Short sketch of the history of entomology , Basic principles of the systematics of coma , Budova coma , Nervous activity of coma , Reproduction of coma , Development of coma , Life cycles , Diapause a book of knowledge d.b.n. V.A. Krivokhatsky "The Murashiny Lion".
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Our author's methodological materials from the zoology of the spineless: Digital Computers (for PC-Windows) , , , |
One of the benefits is not to graze creatures on wet bows and drain the flood pastures. From the chemical methods of combating, it is recommended to reduce the transfer of vape milk (per 1 ha 1000-1400 kg of vape), kitchen salt, hydrous potassium, blue vitriol. Meanwhile, the fight against Limnaea truncatula is already tough: chemical methods are expensive, and drying of the pastures does not always give positive results through the establishment of the mollusk against wisihannia.
Luzhanki and beatiniya
Luzhanki (Viviparus viviparus L., Paludina vivipara) belong to the class of chervopoda mollusks (Gastropoda), corral of prosobranchia (Prosobranchia), family of meadows (Viviparidae).
Luzhanka is a large ravlik with a spirally curled shell, which looks like a blunt cone of yellowish-brown bark (shell height 40 mm, width 30 mm). Three dark brown smugs pass along the whorls of the shell. The opening of the shell can be strongly covered with a horn cap.
Luzhanki and bitiniya. Їst вів. 1 - spravzhnya galyavia (Viviparus viviparus), 2 - smughast galyavia (V. fasciata), 3 - tentacle bitiniya (Ltithynia tentaculata).
Distinguish two close ones, even one on one similar see: galyavin spravzhnya, dominating stagnant waters (V. viviparus), and galyavin smughast (V. contectus Millet), which stalks in running waters. The rest of the sight is dribbling for the first and may be more dulled the top of the shell and open the shell of the burning burn out. In addition, there are more different mіstsevі rіznovidy, on which we will not be tinkering.
A representative of the close homeland of Hydrobndae, which is very similar to a galyavin, is a bitiniya tentacle (Bithynia tentaculata L.), a small ravlik (shell height 10 mm, width 6 mm) with a terminal shell, with a vapny lid.
I galyavini and bitiniya - just baggies of our waters and often snuggle up in bags. Luzhanki zazvichayut loitering at the waters with a mulistim bottom, sometimes sucily strewn with yogo. When catching puddles, draw a net along the very bottom with water, detrimental creatures. The presence of the small meadow and bitinia is important to compare with other mollusks similar to them, and bring the found sightseer to tease them at first glance.
Ruhu. Vilovlenі z lead galyavin to lie unruly іz closed krishechki. Ale, being lowered by the water, after a certain hour, the ravines open up the little ridges and hang their dark-barred body from the shell, dotted with crisp, yellow chicks. The head of the meadow is twisted in front into a short proboscis, on which there is a mouth. On the head there are a pair of thin tentacles, which were the basis of the oval foundations, which are located on the octs. A wide, flat leg gives the rabbi the opportunity to correctly recapture underwater objects.
I galyavin and bitiniya are always trimmed on the day by water and do not merge on the surface, like to bets and kotushok. When the stench is unbearable, the shell flickers with a little, as if to serve as a miracle shield for the raws.
Dihannya. On the vіdmіnu vіd prudovik i kotushki, galyavin that bitіnіya lie down to zyabrovyh ravlikіv, like soaring sour z water for help zyabrovogo apparatus, attached under the shell. At the meadow, a comb-like zyabra with numerous zyabrovy growths is well laid out, like a rib rib. Zavdyaki water dihannuyu meadows and bitinії more sensitive to the bitterness of water and for unfriendly minds to die richly swidshe, lower rates and cats.
Live on the rivers with different growing lattices, which you know on the days of the waters. Bitiniya eagerly eats greenery and algae on underwater objects.
Chimaliy is of interest to the reproduction of Galyavin. The Latin name Viviparus - viviparous - points to those who are among the people of living children, wine-growing and juveniles in their own body, which and rejoices in other freshwater chervonopods. Juvenile galyavins are not similar to mature ones, not only in their size, but in the shape of the shell. The rest seems to be nibi borderline and covered with hard bristles, like a year fall. On vіdmіnu vіd stavkіv i kotushok, galyavini razdіlnostatevі. If you know a mature female, you can immediately open the shell on the excursion, break the spiral wraps, show young, not yet born galyavins at different stages of development.
On the vіdmіnu vіd galyavini, bіtіnіya multiply, laying eggs on the water growth. The masonry may already have its own shape and easily break into the masonry of other mollusks: it is made up of hexagonal eggs, which are folded under the underwire side by side and filled with precious speech, satisfying the thick mucus cord (small 189).
Significantly, nareshti, meadows are overgrown with algae, which are often guarded, as if they were covering their shells with a green sheen, absolutely addictive to their characteristic little ones. Sometimes the algae grow so clearly that they often cover the shell with a green fluff.
Likewise, overgrown with powerful algae, wanting a smaller world, and legenevy mollusks, for example, cats.
Miraculous stability, like meadows wiggle when hanging waters, inhabited by them, which made it difficult to see the presence of a small krishechka. So, it was suspected that the swarthy galyavin (Viviparus contecfts) survived with water for up to 10 months, burrowing at the ground on a clay 15 divas.
Kotushki
Cats (Planorbis) belong to the class of chervonopods (Gastropoda), to the legenian corral (Pulmonata), to the family of cats (Planorbidae).
The coil can be cut from the first glance through a supra-linguistically characteristic shell, curled in one plane near what looks like a spiral cord.
The most respected horny cat (P. corneus L.), the most among the others (shell diameter 30 mm, height 12 mm), reddish-brown color. Tsya cat streaks everywhere, like at headquarters, and at lake waters.
Cats. Їst. civ. (Orig.)
1 - horny cat (Planorbis corneus); 2 - Krayova cat (P. marginatus); 3 - keel cat (P. carinatus); 4 - round cat (P. vortex); 5 - curled cat (P. contortus); 6 - smooth cat (P. glaber)
Three coils of medium size are significant for the marginal coil (P. marginatus L.) (shell diameter 15 mm, thickness 3.5 mm), whorls are protected by a thread-like keel that runs in the middle of whorls; the keel cat (P. carinatus L.) is thicker often behind the front; Descho less size maє circular kotka (P. vortex L.) (shell diameter 10 mm, thickness 1 mm) with a flat shape, with tightly wound whorls, with a keel without a thread-like appendage.
Dali significantly black curled cat (P. contortus L.) (shell diameter 4-5 mm, thickness 1.8 mm), whorls are tightly coiled, the number of them reaches 7-8. Might be of the same size, but with a small number of wraps, so that it grows quickly, the shells of P. complanatus L.
Ruhi kotushok predict the ruhi rates. Mutually, the rabbits stick their dark soft body far from the shells and shift underwater objects behind the help of their wide flat legs. On the head there are a pair of thin tentacles, the basis of which is placed on the eyes. Cotushki just like that, like pond snails, can mandruvate on the surface of water, moving up to swimming surface tightness rіdini.
Cats are breathing in the atmospheric winds, taking yoga into the empty legenevu, covered with the walls of the mantle. A deep opening, which leads to the appointed empty, opens on the side of the body, near the edge of the shell. It turns out, if the cat rises to the surface of the water for a reserve of wind. In case of non-stagnation, the cat shriveles with a special furry growth, which roams on the thіli near the legeny opening and plays the role of a primitive zyabr. In addition, the cat, ymovirno, wildly and without middle through the skin.
Zhivlennya. Kotushki are eating a dewy hedgehog, eating parts of dewdrops, like zishkrіbayut for an additional grater. The birds are especially eager to eat the greenery poured from the dry algae that settle on the walls of the aquarium. Calling through the slope, it’s not very important to guard, like a rank of a creature with its own grater, burning like a spatula. It’s quite possible that cats can eat and eat a creature’s hedgehog. Accepted from captivity, the stench is more likely to be thrown on sire meat.
Reproduction. Cotushki multiply for help eggs, as they lay on the leaves of water growths and other underwater objects. The masonry of the horn cat is constantly sharpened on excursions and the flooring is characteristic, which can be easily teased: it may look like a flat precious scarf. oval shape a yellowish or light brown color and take revenge on your own sprat of dozens of round erysipelatous eggs. In two days or more (fallow in the water temperature) from the eggs, crimson ravlikas will appear, like a swedish growth. The roe of the cat, like other rabliks, likes to be eaten by ribs and blame them on the great number. Yak and rates, cats are hermaphrodites.
Tsіkava behavior of the cat when hanging waters, in which the stench rushes. The stench burrows at the water mules, like the great horny cat (P. corneus). Sometimes the cat is overgrown on the surface of the soil, sticking the neck to the mule, as if in the past the excess water was saved, otherwise you see a gap in the water, which opens the shell. AT the rest of the fall the body of the mollusk gradually sags, occupying the third part of the shell, and vaga, the soft parts fall by 40-50%. In such a state, the molus can survive in water for up to three months (Crimea cat P. marginatus P. planorbis).
List of references
B. Є. Raikov, M. N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Zoological excursions. 1956.
