Influential birds, a description of the ovnіshny look, place of residence, zvichki. Great ulіt Ulіti in culinary

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Great Ulit, or river sandpiper, or light sandpiper(outdated) - Tringa nebularia

Zovnishhnіy look. Rozmirom mayzhe z blue, dark dziob trohi vygnuty uphill. The beast is brown-grey, the bottom of that uppertail was white, on the goiter, sides, throat, back and shoulders there are dark strings. The legs are long, dark green, the wings are swarthy below.
A thick melodic two-storey whistle "tli-tyu".
Place of residence. Bags in fox swamps.
Nesting place. The characteristic nesting places of the great snail are riverside onion patches, thickets of grass and low-growing chagars, moss swamps with small lakes and rare pine forests, as well as large swampy fellings with trees that can stand well.
Raztashuvannya nests. Nest on the ground. The nest sings roztashovuє on the dry space of the bush, between the stones, or the stovbur of the tree, which has fallen.
Budivelny material. For victorious trays, grass leaves, pine heads.
The shape of that rosemary nest. There is a shallow hole in the moss or in the ground, meagerly covered with leaves of grass, pine needles.
Masonry features. The clade has 4 cone-shaped eggs. Zabarvlennya їх yellowish-stormy, cream or yellowish-white. Closer to the blunt tip of the egg, it is sharply lined with large red-brown patches, as well as small marks and a small number of deep gray-black patches. Rosemary eggs: (45-54) x (31-36) mm.
Terms nesting. Arriving at the nesting month at different dates of the day. Nests with eggs are nestled in grass, downy birds - for example, red grass. It will be seen near the other half of sickle - faith.
Rozpovsyuzhennya. Mayzhe extensions throughout the entire taiga zone, sometimes in the forest-tundra and forest-steppe from Britain to Kamchatka. On the first day of widenings near the pivnіchno-zahіdnіy lake region, along the valleys of the Oka and Kami rivers, and in the middle of nowhere, on the firth day; moreover, zustrichaetsya in the mountains Middle Asia.
Zimivka. It winters partly in Britain, Transcaucasia, and mostly in Africa, Western Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Gospodarske meaning. The meat of the great one is miraculously mixed with bagatma and other sacks, doing little to the meat of the snipe. Calling on yogo overwatch protection, shoot the street with the head rank on the occasions of the evening years, pіdsterіgayuchi from the ambush.

Description of Buturlin. Veliky ulіt - right yourself great from ulіtіv. Vіn tіlom mayzhe z lapivіsa, wanting at first glance, there is less than the rest of the airfoil more than short and richly horned krills.
On the vіdstanі the great street is building bright, in the autumn, we may be more or less warm, moreover, in the summer you can clearly see a bright-white streak not only of the upper tail and across, but all of the back part of the back. Behind these signs, one of the shorebirds of the pivden half of our country, similar to the great snailed one, is a handrail, the remaining alec is smaller in the second. Ulіta is easy to recognize with a yoga call cry"kyu-ku-ku..." or "fuu-fuu...".
plumage on the upper side of the storm, with blackish centers of pir'ya and wild-brown wide edges, scarlet in the head with white edges. Throat, goiter, breasts and sides were white, with brown marks; white worm. Lower kryuchi kryla and pakhvove pir'ya; with dim-part transverse plamas and husbands. Rulyove pir'ya, crim one or two pairs of flanks, with brown transverse smugs. In the autumn, the mantle of the sirisha and the svetlisha, the black color of the zvedeniya to the sheared husbands; the bottom may be all white, there are dark little stripes on the sides of the goiter and breasts. The young mantle has a bora, with ocher and bluish edge patches; pіr'ya goiter with narrow, equal dark edges.
Eye of the Storm; dzhob bury, slightly bent burn, but not arcuate, but under a blunt kutom; legs are olive or yellowish green. The length of the krill is 155-20 cm. The plumage of the bridle does not touch the posterior edge of the nostril by 1.5-2.5 mm.
In the spring, the first great snails show up near the middle of the day near the middle of the day, in pairs, in pairs, and in small hedgehogs; on the cob of grass stinks already appear in the region of Leningrad, and for example, in the middle decade of grass - to wind on the lower Pechora, beyond 65 ° pivnіchnoy latitude.
Having broken up on a bet, the waders rule their nests the leading rank in the forest swamps, the skin pair in the distance in the distance from the other. The nest is most often placed near a bush, a stone or a fallen tree. Nest that eggs great pasku type; eggs lay at the top of the head 45.8 to 59.8 mm and the hem 32.4-37.7 mm.
Youth near the Pivnіchnіy oblast, they fall on the krill close to 20 lindens. In the first days, the stench is more myrrh, it’s easy to melt in the grass and you don’t want to s-pid nig. The fathers are guarding them at the same time. There was a warning that, marking the approach of a person to such a distance of three hundred miles, the female, sitting on a dry peak, ahead of the young with the most loud cry.

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Kulik-villager (earlier - Ulit great)

Brest region - One by one registration at the meeting

Volyn region - Nesting

Gomel region - one by one registration at the entrance

Minsk region - extreme pivnich and extreme pivnichny skhid

Mogiliv region - call center

Bekasov family - Scolopacidae.

Monotypical look, I can't imagine.

Radkіsny migratory looking, scho to nest. Nesting was brought only by a few experts near the Vitebsk region: 06/21/1975 downy birds were found near the Berezinsky Reserve; 05/06/1987 a nest with a clutch of 4 fresh eggs was found near the Lioznensky district; 05/21/1995 a nest with 4 fresh eggs was found near the Shumilinsky district; On May 18, 2002, one more nest with 3 fresh eggs was found there. On May 26, 2013, one of the remaining signs of 4 bets + poultry was found near the reserve "Chervoniy Bir", Rossonsky district. So okremі bet the great snail z clear signs Nesting habits were registered during the spring-summer hour on upland bogs in other areas of the Vitebsk region. (Mіorsky, Sharkivshchinsky, Vitebsky).

In addition, great snails with signs of nesting behavior were registered on some swampy massifs of Mogilev, Gomel and Brest regions, but nesting here was confirmed by signs of nests or small birds. In the middle part of the republic during the summer period it was registered in the Olmansky swamps, de, ymovirno, insulated settlements, splinters of nesting species were brought near the cordon regions of Ukraine.

Por_vnyano great sandpiper. The feathered plumage is already similar to the handmaiden, the smut of vіdmіnnostі - litter more rosemіri and deshcho burn down the fire. The top of the body is light brown in color with white lines, especially on the front part of the back. The back її part is that across the bіlі. The bottom of the body is also white, scarlet on the goiter and breasts of a black-brown late barvy. The extreme helmsman is white, the middle pair is smoky-sira with dark transverse males. Dziob middle dozhina, squeezing from the sides and commemorative bending of the burn. Zabarvlennya yoga dark storm. Legs brown-green. Rayduzhina drill. Females 155-180 g, females 148-195 g. Body length (offenses) 33-37 cm, krill width 62-70 cm. Krill length male 18-19 cm, tail 7.5-8.5 cm, flowers 6.5-7 cm;

Like other snails, I like to sit on trees, especially on dry tops of that chick. Great zgrai do not satisfy. For an hour of shifts, they are trimmed in small groups. Oberezhnі birds.

The great snail sack is more important in forest swamps or swampy river loans, which adjoin to the forest, along the shores of forest lakes, among the great upper and transitional swamps, sparsely overgrown with swamp pine and chagars. Some people settle in the open yards of smelting onions, which are overgrown with tall grass, chagars with trees, and stand alone.

A characteristic bird that nests is the head boletus of the Belarusian Poozer. The greatest number in the ridge-lake complex of growth is in the great marsh lakes, which are buoyed by rafting shores. Zustrichaєtsya and in the ridge-hollow complex with pine trees, giving the priority to rafted davits.

Nest in close pairs, choosing the most deaf, deserted cottages. When nesting, the most hidden sandpipers, in Poozers, as a rule, the nest is vlashtovuє in swamp pine forests;

Most of the streaks were found on flooded, water-filled plots. The first nest of the great snail, opened on 05/06/1987, grew near a sphagnum pine forest along the edge of a small raised bog near the Lioznensky district of Vitebsk region. The nest was found on a bush, open, near a lot of pines: one is dry (crowns 3 m) and two green (crimps 1.7 and 2.0 m).

Nest of power on the ground, ring out on dry land, under the cover of the bush, or white of the stovbur tree, which fell.

The nest is a hole, vytoptanoy in the moss bush, in the midst of sedge, heather or bagna, hanging with dry blades of grass, pine needles, moss.

The tray of the first known nest was hung with dry pine needles from a small house of ancient veres.

When looking around 18.05.2002 one uneven laying of three eggs in the tray bula daily, in other nests with top layings the trays were hung with dry leaves of lohini, marsh myrtle, thin strips of pine measles. Also, near the tray, there was always a presence of pine needles, so the nests were often planted under the cover of swamp pines, often on near-trunk moss bushes. Another specialty of the great snails are those who stench may always rule the nests from the dry stovburs of marsh pines that have fallen.

Nest expansion: tray diameter 93-140 cm, in the middle 119 ± 06 cm; the depth of the tray is 3.5-7.5 cm, with a fold 5.3 ± 0.5 cm.

Volodymyr Bondar. Zatoka "Technoprilad", ok. m. Mogilov

There are 4 eggs in the clutch, and 5 in the vineyards. On the territory of Europe, there are singly clutches, which consist of 7 or 8 eggs (more than one male lays). Poozer's last clutches were 3-4 eggs, on average 3.9 ± 0.1 eggs per clutch. The egg shape is pear-shaped. Shkaralupa trochy bliskucha, sometimes matte. The main background is varied in light yellowish-brown or dark-top to yellowish-gray. Large and small superficial streaks, sometimes larger strokes or porous dribbling lines and chickens of dark or black-brown or light-red-brown color. The stench is equally divided or concentrated more importantly at the obtuse pole. Glybok plami light-gray, violet-gray and brown-gray. Egg size: 32.7-42.4 x46, 7-55.0 mm, on average 34.7 ± 0.3 x49, 9 ± 0.3 mm. Vaga eggs 25.70-32.56 g, in the average 28.96 ± 0.37 g.

Before nesting, the birds start grass on the cob, but fresh masonry can appear in the first decade of this month. In the friendly warmth of spring, fresh laying in Poozer is laid from 6 to 8 May, and in the cold, long spring, laying of three eggs is uneven on 18 May and fresh in the other nest on 21 May. Masonry of a different level of habitation will be looked at from 9 to 23 May. A dry bird was found on 04/25/2008. for 23 m from the nest (near the nest itself there is a dead downy bird and a shellfish from the eggs). Birds in downy linen, scarlet roses of various sizes are sown from 15 to 21 worms, the birds, which had begun to operate, were afraid of 10.06.2000 r.

The roci has one vodka. The male and the female incubate the clutch with a stretch of 24-25 deb; Pіznіshe offends the birds to lead the birds and, in case of insecurity, protect the vodka. Great snails lay the masonry even more strongly: golden 1.5–5 m from the head, sometimes they lead, imagining a wounded bird.

As soon as the great cult was wilted, the birds were transferred to the watering of the watershed, the older birds became great commemorated by the cries of alarm, which they smell from afar.

The autumn season begins in the middle of the sickle and continues throughout the spring.

The snail of the great snail is different without a spine, in front of the coma and yogo larvae (zocrema water), pavukopodibni, molluscs.

The big snails have grown up near the golden eagle species, and the young birds - the merlin.

The number of great snails in the upper swamps of the Belarusian Poozer'ya, de vine nests, becomes 1 pair per 10 km² (in swamps with an area of ​​less than 1000 ha) up to 6 pairs per 10 km² (in other swamps). Іstotny influx on the number of the great street in the Belarusian Poozer may be draining melioration of upper pains and the smaller world is a factor of unrest.

Included before the "Chervonoy Book of the Republic of Belarus".

The maximum registration in Europe on June 24 is 5 months.

Volodymyr Bondar. Zatoka "Technoprilad", ok. m. Mogilov

Literature

1. Grichik V. V., Burko L. D. " Creature world Belarus. Ridge: navch. posibnik "Minsk, 2013. -399p.

2. Nikiforov M. E., Yaminsky B. V., Shklyarov L. P. "Birds of Belarus: Dove-bearer of nests of that egg" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.

3. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Birds of Belarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.

4. Ivanovsky V. V., Vorobyov V. N., Mindlin G. A. "Materials to the ecology of the shorebirds of the Belarusian Poozer" / Bulletin of the Vitebsk State University. 2015. No. 1. P.38-43

5. Minutes of the meeting of the Belarusian Ornithological and Faunistic Commission (BOFC) dated February 17, 2015.

6. Mongin E. A. "The Great Ulit" / The Red Book of the Republic of Belarus. Creatures. Ridkіsnі that perebuvayut under the threat of zniknennya see wild creatures. View. 2nd. Minsk, 2006. S.126-127

7. Kozlov V. P., Lichkovsky B. D. "Before the nesting of the great snail in the Belarusian Poozer" / Abstracts of the supplementary notes of the 12th Baltic Ornithological Conference. Vilnius, 1988. S.94-95.

8. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) EURING list of longevity records for European birds.

(Tringa nebularia) is the largest of the Palearctic snails.

Here, the syria birds sang with the great late dark barves at the feast. The lower side of the bird was with great mottled barves on the goiter and flanks and fuzzy barves on the throat. The back part of the back and the upper tail are white. Dzioba dovga, the apical part of the yogo trocha is bent over. Legs are green. Dovzhina krill 18-19.5 cm, vaga 150-200 g.

Velyky Ulit: area of ​​residence

The great snail nests in the beer part of Scandinavia and the Leningrad region to the upper parts of Anadir and Kamchatka, as well as in the beer of England. Winter wines on the mainland of Europe, in Africa, Pivdenniy Asia and far on the pivdniy to Australia inclusive. Okremі specimens of this species can be planted for the day in the nesting area in the steppe parts of our region and in the wilderness (for example, according to Amudar'ї). In a small number of individuals that do not nest, they also breed in Africa and India, on the wintering grounds.

- Oberezny bird, often chatting one by one or in small groups. Sit on the tree, take it to the nest. Yogo's voice is a thicker melodic "huff-hush", sometimes "cru-cru-cru". The great snail is rejoicing with the head rank of water coma and yoga larvae - water bugs, beetles, larvae of two-winged, butterflies. The only one of our waders (Krim oystercatcher), a kind to catch fish. Yearning on the water, the great stalwart robs other swedes, vibrating with their paws on the ground, churning the water and then catching the spineless who climbed up the hill.

Eurasia from Scandinavia on the way to Anadir and Kamchatka, on the day on the Russian plain to about 54th parallel (1). Through the Ryazan region to pass pіvdenny cordon area. In the 90s rock. XIX Art. with a remarkable, albeit sporadically view of the Oka valley and a number of lakes in the Meshcherskaya lowland (2). In the 1990s rock. the great street of knowledge to nest near the valley near the river near the Ryazan district (3) and the left bank of the Oka River to the cordon of the Spassky and Shklovsky districts (4). In the same places of significance in certain tracts on the territory of the Kasimivsky district, they nest immovably (5, 6). Ymovirno, nesting on the outskirts of the village of Barsky, Ryazan district (2004) and in 2007, 2008. on the pivnochi of the Spassky district, it was found in the period of reproduction (7-9). On the spring and autumn seasons, he looked quite splendid. There are few specific data about nesting. For the rest of the century, the number of birds that nested, probably, significantly scurried away. IN the rest of the decade nest not found. On the territory of the region, no more than 10-20 pairs nest for an assessment.

Place of residence and biology

The great snail nests in grassy swampy glades of pine and birch forests, in upland swamps, on banks of overgrown lakes with green trees. A nest, like birds, can victorious for a long period of seasons; As a rule, the nest of the gods is near objects protruding high above the ground. Monogamous. During the season there is one clutch, the last clutch has 4 eggs. The duration of laying masonry is 23-26 days. Nezabarom after the wilting of the father, they bring in the birds from the nest at a distance of up to 1.5 km. The chicks are hatched on the wing near the bird for 25-31 days (10).

Limiting factors and threats

A negative impact on the camp of the mind in the region is expected to drain the pain, as a result of which the life is degrading.

Live and need come in and bury

Viglyad included before the Addendum III of the Berne Convention. In the Ryazan region, the great street was rebuyed under protection from 2001. (eleven). Potential nesting places are buried in the Oksky Reserve, in the state natural reserves of regional significance "Swamp Gamanets", "Chervone Swamp", "Boriskivsky", "Swamp Progіn" (Ryazansky district), "Giblitsky", "Shcherbatovsky", monuments nature meaning "Biliy lis", "Zernove" (Kasimivsky district) and NP "Meshchersky". It is necessary to organize special investigations to improve the daily breadth and number of species in the area and to know the nesting sites for the status of natural territories, which are especially protected.

Class: Birds Zagin: Rye-like Family: Bekasovі Type: Uliti Species: Veliky ulit

Great street - Tringa nebularia

Zovnishhnіy look.

Rozmіri mayzhe z dove. Dziob trochs bent uphill, legs are dark, long, in fullness protrude far beyond the end of the tail. The upperparts are brown-grey, on the breasts are barvy, the underparts and uppertail are white, the wings are swarthy. Vzimku upper brown-siriy.

Way of life.

Meshkanets forest zone, sometimes to go near the forest tundra, on the stretches along the multistory shores of the seas, rivers and lakes. Migratory bird. Zvichayny. Nest on forest lakes, rivers and moss swamps. The nest is a hole with a whisker of grasses of chi moss, it sounds like a bush of a chi stump. Masonry from the middle of the grass to the end of the wormwood, is composed of 4 fawn eggs with sharp black and brown eggs. When the yapts are overwhelmed by the strums, at the hour of which the males see an even louder and louder whistling cry of “aphrodisiac, aphrodisiac”. When people are close to the nest, they fly with a cry of dovkol and sit on the branches of trees, balancing with wings. At the non-breeding hour of protection. Food is found by the water, zayshovshi in it mayzhe on a cherevtse. Eating coma and their larvae, often eating fish and juveniles. In the view of the herbalist and chepurun, they are blown with dark legs, in the face of the Siberian poplar snail - with a dark top (in addition, in the case of the old oystercatchers, the great snail is blown with a curved jaw), in the view of the Okhotsk snail, we will swag the wings of the krill.

Dovіdniki-principals of the geographer and mandrivnik V.Є. Flint, R.L. Biome, Yu.V. Kostin, A.A. Kovaliv. Birds of the SRSR. Vidavnitstvo "Dumka" Moscow, edited by prof. G.P. Dementiev.