Great snail, abo ochkovy oystercatcher, or light oystercatcher - Tringa nebularia: a description of the image of a bird, її nest, egg and voice recording. Veliky ulіt - description, misté іsnuvannya, cіkavі facts Description of the bird

Vida

Soundness and behavior. The greatest of snails, with a wide range of blues, with a clearly long leg and long legs. Zagalny tone of zabarvlennya, crimson of a white neck, light gray. Crila dovgі, guests and vuzki. Body length 30-35 cm, wingspan 53-60 cm, weight 135-270 g.

Description. The birds have matured in a plumage-like plumage below, with brown-black late males on the throat, neck, breasts and sides. The head and neck are also stained with black late smugs. Mizhlopatkova and shoulder regions, as well as wings of the wild beast with black, with white patches and black transverse males. The middle of the back and the upper tail are white. In a bird, ready to fly, one can clearly see the whiteness of these parts of the body near the wedge, which goes far on the back. The speed of the krill is light. Rulyove pіr'ya bіle with a drill transverse baby. The tail is directly visible, only the central pair of the helmsman pir'ya troch dosha for іnshі and maє sіruvatі peaks. In a bird that wants to fly, only fingers protrude beyond the edge of the tail. Legs olive green or greenish gray. Between the bases of the middle and outer fingers there is a small ridge, between the middle and inner fingers it is practically not pronounced. Dziob syro-aspіdny, straining, with a characteristic slight vein burn in the anterior third. Rayduzhina drill.

The matured birds in the winter bred below were with brown chickens on the front and sides. The little ones on the upper side of the body, like a bird in an inlet, scarlet dark plumage with a tanned gray. The middle of the forehead and the sides of the head were white. The young bird in the youthful animal is brown-brown with pale-buffy patches of pir'ya. The underside of the body was white, on the sides of the breasts and chests there is a storm of late mating and a faintly rumpled brown transverse wrinkling of babies. The middle pair of kerm fir of one color from the succulents.

Juvenile birds in the first winter selection are similar to mature ones, but the middle pair of kerm feasts do not have gray tops. A downy bird for the beast of light brown with blackish, irregularly shaped patches, pure white below. The bridle in the middle of the back is to pass a black wide smuga, from the sides of the її - along the pale-ocher male. The forehead is white, through the base of the dzioba through the middle of the chola to the temryavi pass black smuzhka Another black coat stretches from the dzioba to the eye through the bridle. Above the eye, as far as the potilice, there was smuga. In the sight of other snails, it is blown with great roses and suffocated with a hard, long-term chimney with a characteristic light evil, burn down at the top third. White color across and rump to go far on the back.

In a bird that wants to fly, only a few fingers of fingers protrude behind the shape of its tail, which together with great roses and a tight breeze kindly inspire the great snail.

Voice. Posіvka in polyotі - a lot of two-fold tyuyu-luyuv abo triskladov " tuyuv-lyuyu-voluyuv". With evil from the earth, one sees a tighter ring tuy» or « bye-bye". Current song - densely sloppy tu-ve, tu-ve, tu-ve...» or « aphrodisiac, aphrodisiac...". A cry of restlessness was a vivodka - a sharp voice tu-tu-tu-tu...».

extension, status. The forest zone of Eurasia from Scotland and the Scandinavian Pivostrov to Kamchatka and the lower reaches of the Amur. At night, reach the forest-tundra, on the afternoon, to the peak of the wild forests; In the European part of Russia, it nests in forest tundra up to mixed forests, the most prominent in the middle and pine forests. Winters in Africa, Near the Skhod, Pivdni Caspian, Pakistan, India, Indo-China, Skhod China, Indonesia and Australia.

way of life. It arrives early in the breeding season, on the cob of vegetation on water dews - from the middle of the day on the nesting area to the middle of the grass in the beer, in the forest tundra. Fly one by one, or fly together. For a year, that spring swells along the banks of the rivers on flooding floods and lakes from grassy shores, on sedge and cottonwood water-dwelling swamps. After breaking up the territories, the males proceed to strumuvannya. Under the hour of the strum flight, which is the chasing of pidjoms and descents, the male flies over his plot with a song. After the establishment of a bet, the intensity of the current decreases. A couple of paris settle in a significant countryside. Gnіzdovі mіstseperebuvannya - grass and sedge-moss swamps, orbows, thickets of peat kar'єri, grassy shores of fox lakes, large cuts in the midst of pine forests, upper swamps, veresovy pustka, forest tundra chagars.

The nest grows on the ground in the midst of dense, low-growing chagar forests, often whitening a small tree or a stump, on moss bushes, between fallen trees on felled trees, between stones on girsky bushy schila, be it a fall - a great commemorative object. The masonry is composed of 4 eggs of pear-shaped form, which, on a fawn-brown, fawn-olive or cream background, are scattered with blackish or reddish-stormy large and dry patches. The nest may be built with moss, lichens, snails, small pine bark, stalk of herbaceous dews, so quiet materials, as you can know in the uninterrupted proximity of the nest. Nasidzhuyut masonry wallpaper for 24-25 days. In case of nebezpets, they grow up late, or they will be hung up, leaving the nest only if the person goes to the door. At different nests, nests can nest again. When the nest is restless, or the birds hovers around the sky, they fly around with partial cries, sometimes imitate an attack, often sit on the tops of trees.

When the birds are hatched, they move to the shore with water, to the swamp or to the orphan month in the fox or in the meadow. The little birds swim well, they are willing to go near the water and overflow the small water bowls. To lead the birds of both fathers, in some vipads, the female fills the birds until the young birds take to the wing. The little birds are growing in abundance at the city close to the month. It is important to live on water coma - water bugs and other water bugs, larvae of two-winged, butterflies, and fry ribs. Lives in the winter with wild crabs, mollusks, polychaetes. Catch species buttocks near the water, with which you often go deep into it, burrowing in the belly, and also picking up a mule or a gray dog from the surface. Regularly probe mule. When catching riba, run along the milk water and rob the sprites sharply, turn your whole body from side to side, zanyuyuchi at the water dzob and sometimes turn your head. The riba is shrugged off with a dzioba across the body, then we turn it with sharp hands so that the head is straightened to a posture, after which it is shoved.

Eurasia from Scandinavia on the way to Anadir and Kamchatka, on the day on the Russian plain to about 54th parallel (1). Through the Ryazan region to pass pіvdenny cordon area. In the 90s rock. XIX Art. with a remarkable, albeit sporadically view of the Oka valley and a number of lakes in the Meshcherskaya lowland (2). In the 1990s rock. the great street of knowledge to nest near the valley near the river near the Ryazan district (3) and the left bank of the Oka River to the cordon of the Spassky and Shklovsky districts (4). In the same places of significance in certain tracts on the territory of the Kasimivsky district, they nest immovably (5, 6). Ymovirno, nesting on the outskirts of the village of Barsky, Ryazan district (2004) and in 2007, 2008. on the pivnochi of the Spassky district, it was found in the period of reproduction (7-9). On the spring and autumn seasons, he looked quite splendid. There are few specific data about nesting. For the rest of the century, the number of birds that nested, probably, significantly scurried away. AT the rest of the decade nest not found. On the territory of the region, no more than 10-20 pairs nest for an assessment.

Place of residence and biology

Great Ulit nest on grassy marshy glades of pine and birch forests, on upper swamps, banks, where overgrown, lakes with green trees. A nest, like birds, can victorious for a long period of seasons; As a rule, the nest of the gods is near objects protruding high above the ground. Monogamous. During the season there is one clutch, the last clutch has 4 eggs. The duration of laying masonry is 23-26 days. Nezabarom after the wilting of the father, they bring in the birds from the nest at a distance of up to 1.5 km. The chicks are hatched on the wing near the bird for 25-31 days (10).

Limiting factors and threats

A negative impact on the camp of the mind in the region is expected to drain the pain, as a result of which the life is degrading.

Live and need come in and bury

Viglyad included before the Addendum III of the Berne Convention. In the Ryazan region, the great street was rebuyed under protection from 2001. (eleven). Potential nesting sites are buried in the Oksky Reserve, in the state natural reserves of regional significance "Swamp Gamanets", "Chervone Swamp", "Boriskivsky", "Swamp Progіn" (Ryazansky district), "Giblisky", "Shcherbatovsky", monuments nature meaning "Biliy lis", "Zernove" (Kasimivsky district) and NP "Meshchersky". It is necessary to organize special investigations to improve the daily breadth and number of species in the area and to know the nesting sites for the status of natural territories, which are especially protected.

Kulik-villager (earlier - Ulit great)

Brest region - One by one registration at the meeting

Volyn region - Nesting

Gomel region - one by one registration at the entrance

Minsk region - extreme pivnich and extreme pivnichny skhid

Mogiliv region - call center

Bekasov family - Scolopacidae.

Monotypical look, I can't imagine.

Radkіsny migratory looking, scho to nest. Nesting was brought only by a few experts near the Vitebsk region: 06/21/1975 downy birds were found near the Berezinsky Reserve; 05/06/1987 a nest with a clutch of 4 fresh eggs was found near the Lioznensky district; 05/21/1995 a nest with 4 fresh eggs was found near the Shumilinsky district; On May 18, 2002, one more nest with 3 fresh eggs was found there. On May 26, 2013, one of the remaining signs of 4 bets + poultry was found near the reserve "Chervoniy Bir", Rossonsky district. So okremі bet the great snail z clear signs Nesting habits were registered during the spring-summer hour on upland bogs in other areas of the Vitebsk region. (Mіorsky, Sharkivshchinsky, Vitebsky).

In addition, great snails with signs of nesting behavior were recorded on some swampy massifs of Mogilev, Gomel and Brest regions, but nesting here was confirmed by signs of nests or small birds. In the middle part of the republic during the summer period, it was registered in the Olmansky swamps, de, ymovirno, insulated settlement, splinters of nesting species were brought near the cordon regions of Ukraine.

Por_vnyano great sandpiper. The feathered plumage is already similar to the handmaiden, the smut of vіdmіnnostі - litter more rosemіri and deshcho burn down the fire. The top of the body is light brown in color with white lines, especially on the front part of the back. The back її part is that across the bіlі. The bottom of the body is also white, scarlet on the goiter and breasts of a black-brown late barvy. The extreme helmsman is white, the middle pair is smoky-sira with dark transverse males. Dziob middle dozhina, squeezing from the sides and commemorative bending of the burn. Zabarvlennya yoga dark storm. Legs brown-green. Rayduzhina drill. Females 155-180 g, females 148-195 g. Body length (offenses) 33-37 cm, krill width 62-70 cm. Krill length male 18-19 cm, tail 7.5-8.5 cm, flowers 6.5-7 cm;

Like other snails, I like to sit on trees, especially on dry tops of that chick. Great zgrai do not satisfy. For an hour of shifts, they are trimmed in small groups. Oberezhnі birds.

The great snail sack is more important in forest swamps or swampy river loans, which adjoin to the forest, along the shores of forest lakes, among the great upper and transitional swamps, sparsely overgrown with swamp pine and chagars. Some people settle in the open yards of smelting onions, which are overgrown with tall grass, chagars with trees, and stand alone.

A characteristic bird that nests is the head boletus of the Belarusian Poozer. The greatest number in the ridge-lake complex of growth is in the great marsh lakes, which are buoyed by rafting shores. Zustrichaєtsya and in the ridge-hollow complex with pine trees, giving the priority to rafted davits.

Nest in close pairs, choosing the most deaf, deserted cottages. When nesting, the most hidden waders, in Poozers, as a rule, the nest is vlashtovuє in swampy pine forests, nested in arcs of closed bugnos on low manes and along the edges of islands, in gays along the shores of swampy lakes.

Most of the streaks were found on flooded, water-filled plots. The first nest of the great snail, opened on 05/06/1987, grew near a sphagnum pine forest along the edge of a small raised bog near the Lioznensky district of Vitebsk region. The nest was found on a bush, open, near a lot of pines: one is dry (crowns 3 m) and two green (crimps 1.7 and 2.0 m).

Nest of power on the ground, ring out on dry land, under the cover of the bush, or white of the stovbur tree, which fell.

The nest is a hole, vytoptanoy in the moss bush, in the midst of sedge, heather or bagna, hanging with dry blades of grass, pine needles, moss.

The tray of the first known nest was hung with dry pine needles from a small house of ancient veres.

When looking around 18.05.2002 one uneven laying of three eggs in a tray bula daily, in other nests with top laying trays were hung with dry leaves of lohini, marsh myrtle, thin strips of pine measles. Also, near the tray, there were always pine needles, so that the nests were often planted under the cover of swamp pines, often on near-trunk moss bushes. Another specialty of the great snails are those who stench may always rule the nests from the dry stovburs of marsh pines that have fallen.

Nest expansion: tray diameter 93-140 cm, in the middle 119 ± 06 cm; the depth of the tray is 3.5-7.5 cm, with a fold 5.3 ± 0.5 cm.

Volodymyr Bondar. Zatoka "Technoprilad", ok. m. Mogilov

There are 4 eggs in the clutch, and 5 in the vineyards. On the territory of Europe, there are singly clutches, which consist of 7 or 8 eggs (more than one male lays). Poozer's last clutches were 3-4 eggs, on average 3.9 ± 0.1 eggs per clutch. The egg shape is pear-shaped. Shkaralupa trochy bliskucha, sometimes matte. The main background is varied in light yellowish-brown or dark-top to yellowish-gray. Large and small superficial streaks, sometimes larger strokes or porous dribbling lines and chickens of dark or black-brown or light-red-brown color. The stench is equally divided or concentrated more importantly at the obtuse pole. Glybok plami light-gray, violet-gray and brown-gray. Egg size: 32.7-42.4 x46, 7-55.0 mm, on average 34.7 ± 0.3 x49, 9 ± 0.3 mm. Vaga eggs 25.70-32.56 g, in the average 28.96 ± 0.37 g.

Before nesting, the birds start grass on the cob, but fresh masonry can appear in the first decade of this month. In the friendly warmth of spring, fresh laying in Poozer'ї zastrіnutі from 6 to 8 May, and in the cold, protracted spring, the laying of three eggs is uneven on 18 May and completely fresh in the other nest on 21 May. Masonry of a different level of habitation will be looked at from 9 to 23 May. A dry bird was found on 04/25/2008. for 23 m from the nest (near the nest itself there is a dead downy bird and a shellfish from the eggs). Birds in downy linen, scarlet roses of various sizes are sown from 15 to 21 worms, the birds, which had begun to operate, were afraid of 10.06.2000 r.

The roci has one vodka. The male and the female incubate the clutch with a stretch of 24-25 deb; Pіznіshe offends the birds to lead the birds and, in case of insecurity, protect the vodka. Great snails lay the masonry even more strongly: golden 1.5–5 m from the head, sometimes they lead, imagining a wounded bird.

As soon as the great cult was wilted, the birds were transferred to the watering of the watershed, the older birds became great commemorated by the cries of alarm, which they smell from afar.

The autumn season begins in the middle of the sickle and continues throughout the spring.

The snail of the great snail is different without a spine, in front of the coma and yogo larvae (zocrema water), pavukopodibni, molluscs.

The big snails have grown up near the golden eagle species, and the young birds - the merlin.

The number of great snails in the upper swamps of the Belarusian Poozer'ya, de vine nests, becomes 1 pair per 10 km² (in swamps with an area of less than 1000 ha) up to 6 pairs per 10 km² (in other swamps). Іstotny influx on the number of the great street in the Belarusian Poozer may be draining melioration of upper pains and the smaller world is a factor of unrest.

Included before the "Chervonoy Book of the Republic of Belarus".

The maximum registration in Europe on June 24 is 5 months.

Volodymyr Bondar. Zatoka "Technoprilad", ok. m. Mogilov

Literature

1. Grichik V. V., Burko L. D. " Creature world Belarus. Ridge: navch. posibnik "Minsk, 2013. -399p.

2. Nikiforov M. E., Yaminsky B. V., Shklyarov L. P. "Birds of Belarus: Dove-bearer of nests of that egg" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.

3. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Birds of Belarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.

4. Ivanovsky V. V., Vorobyov V. N., Mindlin G. A. "Materials to the ecology of the shorebirds of the Belarusian Poozer" / Bulletin of the Vitebsk State University. 2015. No. 1. P.38-43

5. Minutes of the meeting of the Belarusian Ornithological and Faunistic Commission (BOFC) dated February 17, 2015.

6. Mongin E. A. "The Great Ulit" / The Red Book of the Republic of Belarus. Creatures. Ridkіsnі that perebuvayut under the threat of zniknennya see wild creatures. View. 2nd. Minsk, 2006. S.126-127

7. Kozlov V. P., Lichkovsky B. D. "Before the nesting of the great snail in the Belarusian Poozer" / Abstracts of the supplementary notes of the 12th Baltic Ornithological Conference. Vilnius, 1988. S.94-95.

8. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) EURING list of longevity records for European birds.

Class: Birds Zagin: Rye-like Family: Bekasovі Type: Uliti Species: Veliky ulit

Great street - Tringa nebularia

Zovnishhnіy look.

Rozmіri mayzhe z dove. Dziob trochs bent uphill, legs are dark, long, in fullness protrude far beyond the end of the tail. The upperparts are brown-grey, on the breasts are barvy, the underparts and uppertail are white, the wings are swarthy. Vzimku upper brown-siriy.

Way of life.

Meshkanets forest zone, sometimes to go near the forest tundra, on the stretches along the multistory shores of the seas, rivers and lakes. Migratory bird. Zvichayny. Nest on forest lakes, rivers and moss swamps. The nest is a hole with a whisker of grasses of chi moss, it sounds like a bush of a chi stump. Masonry from the middle of the grass to the end of the wormwood, is composed of 4 fawn eggs with sharp black and brown eggs. When the yapts change the strum waters, at the hour of which the males see an even louder and louder whistling cry of “tlі-tyuї, tlі-tyuї”. When people are close to the nest, they fly with a cry of dovkol and sit on the branches of trees, balancing with wings. At the non-breeding hour of protection. Food is found by the water, zayshovshi in it mayzhe on a cherevtse. Eating coma and their larvae, often eating fish and juveniles. In the view of the herbalist and the chipurun, they are blown with dark legs, in the sight of the Siberian poppy-haired snail - with a dark top (in addition, in the case of the old pisces, the great snail is blown with a curved jaw), in the view of the Okhotsk snail, we will swag the wings of the krill.

Dovіdniki-principals of the geographer and mandrivnik V.Є. Flint, R.L. Biome, Yu.V. Kostin, A.A. Kovaliv. Birds of the SRSR. Vidavnitstvo "Dumka" Moscow, edited by prof. G.P. Dementiev.

A representative of the snipe family, a rare species that needs protection and protection. In this article, in the report format, there is a mention of the great snail.

Description, good looking

Influence beyond rosemary is not great, the vaga of grown-up individuals kolivaetsya in between 110 - 280 gr. The shape of the body of the troch is curved. Paws of a dark green vodka to dowg. The crane is lifted, the kіnchik marvels uphill. Kryla, in a pomіvnіnі z barvlennya, are seen. The stench sound dark. In the presence of the head, small chicks are sprung up like a beautiful visor. Bottom of the body white color without any blotches of that kind of vizerunkiv. Zavdyaks do not confuse the great snail with such a chirping zabarvlennyu with other birds. Young representatives are similar to mature ones, ale and deaks famous rice. They have breasts of a brudish-white color, with dark markings, strokes and a female.

Width

Europe has the will to settle in the pub areas, such lands as Russia and Scotland. It winters in the most warm places, for example, in Africa, Spain, Italy, where dozens of representatives were regularly marked. Individuals of this species are also seen in the Caucasus, like in the mountains, and in the swamps. Especially love to spend the cold hours on pivdnі. For them there is the most pleasant and pleasant climate. And also є all possibilities for a calm situation, including the necessary reserves of їzhi.

You should also love different water basins, swampy areas. They migrate in small groups, about 10 birds.

Nesting and breeding offspring

Your nest represents a hole in the ground, as a rule, enough small size. The female lays 4 eggs and visidzhuє їх 24 days. The nests of the stink roam around, whether there be some kind of water dzherel, you can have a river, a water reservoir, a swamp. So obov'yazkovo nearby is guilty of a memorial object. The stench is shy, guarded by the instinct of self-preservation, which allows you to secure yourself from such threats. The grown-up representatives are even more dbaylivy, they accompany the birds to their nest on the wing. M'yazi malyukіv slowly mіtsnіyut і become stronger with skin day. Ale, the birds have grown all the same, they show anxiety and restlessness.

Voice

Relatives

It is impossible not to tell about the so-called “relatives” of the great snail. Here you can see the cloudberry. Vaughn can also be lifted uphill dziob and tsikave zabarvlennya. Ale paws her dark yellow color. To love in the winter also in Africa, Western Europe. Ale in Italy is rarely marked - rather than vines. The morodunka is expanding in Russia. As a more comfortable place for their nests, choose warm territories with rivers and waters. The model of behavior is even similar to that of the great coolies, they show dbailiness to offspring.

number

The great street is a good representative of his family. Ptah maє nezvichayne zabarvlennya, yake allows vіdrazu yogo remembrance. Unfortunately, the tendency of the short-term mind was marked. The food became more savory, there were many visits. Adje tse even faltered fakhіvtsіv. The ecology gets worse with the skin rock, there are rich sights of creatures, birds, roslin. That is why it is necessary to take care of the nature that those that she gave away. Obov'yazkovі come in, as if to help the colony and create equal equality and harmony, which the dots panned, the docks of the people did not begin to blame everything that respected them at the attainment of their cunning goals. Narazi actively began to provajuvati come in chodo zahistu dovkilla and tse effectively help.

So the number of the great snailed for the rest of the decade grew. Seeing that he has mastered a new place, now the region has its own nests and growing offspring. For example, representatives of the family were marked in the Moscow region.

Come in live, you allowed me to improve
Varto signify and come in, which helped to increase the numbers. First, the view was brought to the Chervonoy Book. Tse allowed the respect for such a problem as an occurrence for a singing period of an hour. Aje with skin rock menshal figure. Nests, which are protected, have become an important role for the great snail, which is widely spread in the Moscow region. Ahead of the day, recommendations were made on how to organize a place of protection for birds. The stinks are perebuvayut under the protection of fahivtsiv, what to secure them. Ulti knew a good mind for life, a good climate. Now we can be inspired that everything will be good, and, it is possible, looking to “grow” and expand in other areas.