Russian birds and their role in the ecology of the place. How is the creation of cultural landscapes, how are wines created? Creatures near the city

Elektrostal, as if it were a great place to have its fauna of birds, that's what I call the avifauna. In the middle of the fauna, there are a lot of chinniki, both internal, and ovnіshnіkh, and tsі chinniki directly and indirectly lie in the middle of people. In order to use the most complicated processes to change the fauna of the place, it is necessary to grow all the warehouses, as if from the side of the creature's taroslin world, so people and the results of this activity.

The role of birds in the life of a modern city dweller has grown. If we have a great tit, we don’t suspect that it’s like a badass in our uninterrupted struggle with mosquitoes - shkіdniki. The trees of public gardens and parks are often attacked by massive species of shkidlivyh clods, and the merit of these birds is great for the shortness of their numbers. Spaks, flycatchers, sopіltsі - tezh korisnі and prіbnі birds near the city.

Ale, the number of other birds is growing, and with it the insecurity of people getting sick with important ailments is increasing.

Vіdnosini ptakhіv z cheloveka skladnі and raznomanіtnі. I wished that the colors of the blue became optimal for people and birds.

I will become the means of our work and the victory of the ninth population of the birds of the place; revealing their environmental role; the fate of saving brown birds at the borders of the city.

Looking around works out of the problem.

Identification of the population of the birds of the place.

Birds, perhaps, are most reminiscent of the wild baggers in our country. Animals rarely trapleyatsya on the eyes, and the birds once again get up, wanting a rich side of their life is not so easy to piddivity.

The collection of birds may be little, but it is easy to watch over them - the birds often climb closer to the people, to the anniversary. It is possible to take a good look at them and take away the first names from the appointed ones. Spring and in the first half of summer, the world has an abundance of new and new species, the appearance of thick grass and leaves, the plant is compressing. Then the birds at this hour are “clothed” in the most typical and most characteristic way of the day, the stench is even more rotten, they often trap on the eyes and more strictly dorimuyutsya typical for the skin type of mіstseperebuvannya. In addition, the spiv of those other sounds, which are seen by birds, can even help the appointed ones. Ninemensh is friendly to guard the autumn. At this hour, the impersonal young birds appear, which is not so characteristic of farbovani. Those grown-ups often dress modestly in the autumn attire. In addition, the very autumn of birds can often be seen in areas that are not typical for the species and where they live.

It is important to know how the stench is divided by the territory, de concentrated in different seasons of rock. Such data are necessary for monitoring the number of birds in different landscapes. Fauna (number of species) and population density of birds (number of individuals of all species per 1 sq. km) differs in different types of landscapes. The stench changes under the influx of the state's activity of people.

In my work, I gave respect to the very birds of the earth. So, I came to Visnovka, where in our area Budinkovy gorobets and blue doves dominate. And the basis of the population of the birds of the city is to become gorob'yachi.

SIMI PTOVIV Moovno Rydіliti to Kilka Group, Scho in Rysny to reagge into the thickness of the anthropogennye jersey: Pershі zb_lshayt Schіlnіst False in the strongly І Pogsti Urbaniszovannye districts, a friend of the SMITORIY TERITORIY, and Treti Znіniyuyu Toving the Sami region.

A small group has seen a large population in heavily changed human landscapes: gray dove, black swift, mouse lastivka, great tit, mountaineer, great shpak, gray crow, jackdaw, magpie, white wagtail.

In this case, you see, like a wagtail, a great tit, a magpie, a jackdaw, the height of the population over the city, and in the coastal forest parks and summer cottages. In the orphan crow, the largest population density is assigned to the central park of the city.

In residential quarters on the periphery of the city, on small plots of wastelands, which are constantly seen by people, the nesting fauna of birds is very poor. The basis of the population is formed by birds, which are suitable for living quarters. In the world of growing urbanization, the species warehouse and the population of birds in the critical landscapes are greatly reduced right up to the new complex in the central parts of the city, new ornithocomplexes are being formed, which were resurrected in the past.

During the winter period, the fauna and the population of birds are significantly resurrected during such nesting hours. Watch for the number of birds and living quarters. More sights are seen in the central parks of the city, because here the synanthropic birds (hornwort, gray crow, jackdaw, blue dove, great tit) are given to foxes.

So, just like in the summer period, you can see a sprat of groups of birds, the density of such ones increases, changes, or becomes stagnant, synanthropic birds increase in numbers near the residential quarters of the city. Here you can see, typical for settlements, - gray dove and house gorobets. At different times, the number of saplings wintering near the places, snigurivs, who are eating the fruits of gorobini, hunger, apple trees and other fruit trees, which are richer on the boulevards, parks and streets, are lower in the forests.

Domoviy gorobets, crow and jackdaw are concentrated in areas rich in anthropogenic habitats. Imovirno, at the link with tim, that on the territory of the town there is a mild climate and more cold, lower at the front, for the winter, graks and shpaks are often shed.

In the winter period, the population density of the dermal species is rich, which is why it is deposited at the stage of yogo fodder specialization, building vikoristovuvat a wide range of fodder, including fodder of anthropogenic exodus.

In autumn, a lot of floods of forest species grow with the help of young individuals. In the early autumn period, a large number of birds thrive in the fields and wastelands near the frontier: crows, pigeons, vines, and polovі gorobtsі. The great hobgobtsiv and shpakiv roam the parks and squares of the city.

For orphaned crows and jackdaws, the increase in the population density was not only for the great quantity of food, but for rotting buds at the sight of fresh deserts and food surpluses, but also for the presence of handy places for the nest.

Zagalna schіlnіst ptakhіv popri, popri zbіdnіliy species warehouse, grew up.

The number of more birds that hibernate is gradually changing, and less of the few species that have been living in the city's quarters are increasing.

Showing the practical significance of the birds of the place.

Shkіdlіvіst і korisnіst іѕ vіdnosі vіdnosnі і can zmіnyuvatіsі in zalezhnostі vіd roztashuvannya sіsta, poor roku, seasonal minds, nuchnostі і schilnosti і mind. It is especially important in the minds of the city to evaluate the complexity of the mind as a whole, the shards of ecological links between the mind and the people are different, and there are no known methods yet.

Positive value

The presence of birds in the city, first for everything, is of great positive significance both for the people and for the ecological communities inhabiting the place. Here the birds play the role of natural regulators of the number of shkidlivih coma.

Surprisingly responsive to the changes in the city's medium as a whole, the surroundings can victorious as an indicator of the savage state of the city's landscape. Such indicators can serve as a crow, a jackdaw, a rook, a blue dove, a great streaked woodpecker, a swift, a great tit, a polov and a budin's humpback and other deacons see.

The presence of birds in any place may be more aesthetically pleasing and morally significant. Birds were always richly important in yoga life, and they knew their own reflection in the material culture there. Spiv ptahіv improve the sound medium and kindly pour into the mood of people, call out positive emotions, promote practicality. Birds are a good object of ecological cultivation and enlightenment.

I see the meaning

At the link with the growing number of crows and blue doves, their ear-dzhuyucha activity has become stronger. Vіdpochivayuchi on horizontal ventilation pipes, metal cornices, the stench litter after itself the layer after that middle of corrosion, which is ruining the roof.

With the rest of the fates, the medical significance of birds has grown significantly as a nose of infection. In birds, influenza-like viruses were detected, and epidemiologists suspect migratory birds in advanced influenza infections. On the territory of our country, over 16 viruses have been detected in birds, which call out to the gravely ill people and their creatures.

Showing ways to manage the avifauna of the place.

For the last day of the communal government, the selection and conservation of food intakes, there are opportunities for the production of a large number of corvids and pigeons. At the same time, the architects were able to give handy places for nesting. For these minds, a naturally effective environmental protection, which will combine and reduce the number of these species, will be the selection of special containers and the security of the inaccessibility of mountains and appendages for nesting in warehouses and warehouses.

Come in here, it is necessary to exercise respect and carry out a rose-explaining work among the meshchans of the city.

For the interchange of numbers, the number of non-negligible species in the locality (Syrah crow, blue-gray blue) is low, it is necessary to increase the level of the sanitary station and control the resuscitation of birds.

At the same hour of the year, the birds, which represent the state’s cultural and aesthetic value for the locality, should be strongly desired, the shards of the sunflowers for the winter rejuvenation, the high number of great titmouses, many of which are abandoned in the nests. There were more and more of them, yakbi not a shortage of hollows and hollow-like niches, attached to the nests. On the eve of the year, the Maidan and the anniversaries see the snowmen, the nozzles, the climbs, the great woodpeckers, and the finches in the autumn.

For additional help, you can increase the concentration of birds in the city. And the rozvazhuvannya of piece nesting is the smallest straining regulator of the number of brown birds in the city. Most of these nests are inhabited by shpaks and polovі gorobtsі, flycatchers, great titmouse, hornworts and deyakі іnshі see. The reason for this disproportion lies in the defects in the design of handicraft nesting and environmentally incorrect placement.

Good way to improve the avifauna of the locality and other settlements in the fields in the landscaped areas and roosting piece nests. When landscaped avenues of Bazhan, schob villages of villages and chagarnikovy plantations were uninterrupted and stuck with zamіskim forest parks.

Among the environmental factors that catch brown birds near the place, especially the place is occupied by dewdrops, which are the fruits of such vicorous birds for eating in the autumn-winter period. One can see such growths: gorobina, viburnum, apple tree, elderberry, ash tree, birch, maple, modrina and others. Cі rosliny add nozzles, snigurіv, siskins, taps, linnets, warblers, and riches of other birds necessary for the place.

In this song, you can see the birds are ecologically related to the song roslins. For example, siskins and chechitki - with birch and wilha, thrushes-gorobtsі, sniguri and amateurs - with viburnum, gorobina and dribnoplidnoy apple tree, warblers - with elderberry skinny.

To control their hollows, the woodpeckers will require soft varieties of the village, willy dovbati aspen, wilkha, linden.

From the other side, correctly raising the crowns of trees and chagarniks create friendly minds for nesting rich species of birds. Picking up a warehouse in the villages of that chagarnikovy porid with arranging the interests of birds, picking up their crowns, concentrating in groups, you can get rich species of birds, popovnyuyuchi ornithological complexes.

It is also necessary to promote propaganda for the protection of brown bird species that linger in anthropogenic landscapes.

In a wide variety of methods of managing the behavior of birds - mild protection in the local biocenosis - we have a great opportunity to directly add to the fauna of birds, to add brown species and to intermingle the number of unfamiliar species.

The robot was stationed near the district of Pivnichny microdistrict, Elektrostal, Moscow region. We will make a special place for guarding by becoming the microdistrict of school No. 15 from the destruction of the vaults of a number of objects. The precautions were carried out during the autumn and winter of 2007-2008.

A short description of vikoristanih techniques.

1. Kіlkіsny appearance of birds and rozrahunok of the thicket of their population.

In order to carry out a few forms of birds, it is necessary to name them for their evocative looks and voices without a middle in nature

The most preferred method for the shape of birds is the route shape, the coverage of significant territories - with an area of less than 1 square kilometer. We carried out our work on the territory of the Pivnichny microdistrict, which satisfies my mind.

Under the hour, the appearance of the posterigach along the route and fixes in a special nursery of all the sightings (feeling so many) of the birds independently from the distance to them. The speed of traffic on the route can be low, so that it is possible to achieve exactly the sound signals of birds of that species. Do not stay long in one place, but listen to the spivu of birds, you can make pardons in appearance. Normal speed is 2-2. 5 km/year for the nesting period and 1. 5-2 km/year for the nesting period.

Such a child has a voice: place of appearance (region, district, place), date, camp of the weather (gloominess, temperature, visibility or visibility of winds, height of the snow curve, visibility of snow on the necks).

In order to receive reliable data, it is necessary to go through the first step, it is necessary to receive correct data. In this way, the route can be no less than 5 km long at the skin-lined bag.

After the completion of the oblіkovih robots, it is necessary to carry out a rally of the dense population of birds. Rozrahunok lead dermal іz uzstrіnuty look okremo.

2. Methodology for the shape of birds with traces

To determine the number, width and species composition of birds, the method of winter route appearance can be used. The technique of appearance is based on the fact that the average number of birds is covered by the appearance route of the fall of birds in the mind, which is protected in direct proportion to the size of the population of this species. In its own line, the number of feathers should be deposited according to the average length of the traces of birds.

In order to determine the number of individuals of birds per area, it is necessary to designate 2 indications:

1) The middle number of flights of additional birds, which are covered, for one day of the route;

2) Coefficient, tyings for a long time to walk this bird.

The formula for the population of a skin-covered bird species looks like this:

D = AK; on this territory.

3. Photo-video counting technique. (guessed themselves)

When crossing the streets of the city, puffing up the faltering birds for additional binoculars, it’s important to puff up once a great number of birds. You can solve this problem with the help of a helper, a broken digital camera. The computer processing of the signs to rob the available zі zbіlshennyam cadre reportedly to improve the number of birds.

4. Methodology for the designation of birds (Volodymyr Flint)

For the designation of birds, it is necessary to use color tables. At the back, you need to remember to look at the birds from the different pens and families, so that when you know them, you can recognize them “in disguise”. It is necessary to remember the details of the farbing and life, most of which are thrown into the eyes, the manner of the behavior of the birds. Shvidko fold the yakomog of the report verbal portrait» Birds, then shukati vidpovidny little ones on the tables. Read the description, place of residence of a similar bird, take a look at the maps of areas for more accurate details.

For guarding the birds of the bazhano mother, a good six is eight-time binoculars. Odyag is not guilty of buti nadto yaskravim and, according to his ability, he gave farbs to the landscape.

The best hour to finish for keeping watch over the birds is an early morning.

Approximate number of birds near Pivnichny microdistrict. about. El-steel from spring to breast 2007 roku

Ecological significance of the birds of the place.

View

Gorobtsі Seeds, berries, clods Regulate the number of clots. Vvazhayutsya with / g shkіdnikami, that scho zharchuyutsya in the main roslin

Grain crows, bird eggs, grizzly bears, carrion, carriers smite and carry diseases, regulate the number of rodents leaving

Widened nasіnnya, so just like crows can be carriers of sick leave

Jackdaws Komakhi, grains, bulbs, berries, fruits Eat a large number of leaf beetles, elephants, chrushchev and others. Є peddlers smіtya

Zviristele Fruits of trees and chagarniks

Snіguri Nirki and nasіnnya roslin, small peas, Expanded nasіnnya roslin (gorobini)

1. The species warehouse of the mіsk ptakhіv raznomanіtny and vіdrіznyаєtsya at the summer and winter hours.

2. A lot of birds protect the local growths from the clods-shkidnikiv, and їhnє zaluchennya beautify the camp of green plantings.

3. Vivishuvannya anniversaries and piece nestings spryaє zbіlshennuu number of less than deyak species of birds;

4. Oskіlki deyakі ptakhi є porters of smіttya, it is necessary to reconstruct containers for smіttya and instructing the inhabitants of the city.

Practical achievement of the results of the project.

1. The choice of material with the designs of piece nesting and anniversary can be used for regular updating.

2. Warehouse supplies to the bags can be recruited for regular supply to the bags:

About dotrimanny sanitary become a place

About the need for dbaty about brown birds

3. Improvement of the nesting nests and the annual number of titmouse and other birds to improve the greenery of the plantation of the city, to relieve the rich coma-shkidnikiv.

Social significance of the project

In this rank, my Bachimo, naskіlki folded and bagatoplanovі vzaєmini people with birds in the minds of the place and how importantly, planning and zdіysnyuyuchi praktіvі come in every bird, heal all aspects of sleeping spіvіsnuvannya and birds, and people.

A person will have the will of the most varied birds to choose you see, as you need chi korisn at the city. Spontaneously, without noticing it yourself, you want to make wine, occupying yourself with green life, shaping the architectural image of the place.

How can we repair people by appointment to the already selected species, which can be included in the warehouse of the local avifauna, or potentially we can “local people”, the basis of which is found in the city due to the fact that ecological minds are necessary and that people create them.

Nasampered, from the yogo side, the necessary monitoring control over the camp of populations, their basis for the minds of the place. Such monitoring control allows us to carry out ecological work in direct molding of the Russian avifauna. At once, the hour has come to win the method and management of the behavior more purposefully straightened out like a human being, and more birds.

Having ignited the widespread propaganda of the search for piece nesting and the annual bird nesting, we are guilty of obtaining hundreds of changes in the number and rose the number of species. Success at the top of the task may be more attainable on the basis of systemic approaches. It is necessary to remember that birds are a storage component of a collapsible ecological system - a place.

Hurry up to help the birds!

Let joden krylaty friend not be left without a sock!

Get the birdhouses ready, take a look at the old spatulas. Turn over, why the stinks are trimming, why you don’t need to correct them, please, cover up the cracks.

Increasing the number of coma-hoid birds to save the green planting of our place with greenery, to grow our life for the sake of it.

Hurry up to help the birds!

Do not forget to hold the winter year for the birds.

Zrobiti її as much as you can.

Celebrate the birds and the stench will delight you with a merry song and give you good for good - look for larvae and coma-shkidnikiv, vryatuyut our green light!

Be respectful!

Our neokhaynost, slovenliness at the intermediate stage of utilization should lead to mass accumulation of birds, as they can be carriers of unsafe ailments.

Everything is within our power!

Pack your food, you can tell

Throw away smіttya less at smіttєvі containers.

ISSN 0869-4362

Russian Journal of Ornithology 2016, Volume 25, Express Release 1371: 4634-4640

Fauna and population of birds in the Mishchivskiy Opillya

V.M.Konstantinov, S.D.Kutin

Another sight. First publication in 2005*

Changes in natural landscapes under the influence of the state's activity of people to lead to radical changes in the fauna and population of birds. As a result of the trival and purposeful activity of people in the forest zone, the landscapes vinified into the rural landscapes, which formed their own fauna and population of birds.

The research was carried out to determine the originality of the fauna and the population of birds in the critical rural landscapes in the forest zone, and their seasonal dynamics. Regardless of the practical significance of this kind of honor, they still have a lack of respect. Є works dedicated to the birds of rural landscapes in the steppe zone (Brauner 1899, 1923; Pachosky 1909; Voyovnichy 1960; Formozov 1962; Kirikov 1983; Ryabov 1946, 1974, 1982); A row of robіt embassy Ptokham Vіdkritih Landsaftіv anthropogenic rumbles in Lіsij zone (Kіrikov 1966; Vladisheskiy 1975; Gingazov 1981; Batesman 1982; Bukєv, єZhova 1986, 1988; Founding Keywords: Fedyushin, Dolbik 1967; Malchevsky, Pukinsky 1983; and many others).

Materials for this report were collected over a period of six years of the field seasons in 1980-1984 and 1986. The investigations covered all the observed landscapes of the anthropogenic change of the Mishchivskoe opill.

Vihіdna growth of the Mіshchіvskogo opіll bula is represented by broad-leaved and zmіshanim foxes, which grow on sіrih fox soils. In the 7th-8th centuries, with the arrival of the V'yatichi tribes on the territory, there was a formation of forests, the development and cultivation of land. The largest intensity of agricultural support

* Konstantinov V.M., Kut'in S.D. 2005. Fauna and bird populations in critical landscapes of Mishchivskoe opill II Nutrition of archeology, history, culture and nature of the Upper Poochchia: Materials of the 11th All-Russian Sciences. conf. Kaluga: 362-366.

the activity of the people reached in the XIX-XX centuries. In the present hour, the village growth of opill is represented by villages of the second island forests. The stench is made up mainly of drab-leaved trees with a house of broad-leaved species and occupy about 5% of the area of the district.

Follow-ups were carried out in various rural areas - bows, pastures, including chagarnikovy and woody dew lands, sharpened by fields, on borders, narrow roads, overgrown with weeds, lands occupied by power transmission towers, lowered yards. The length of oblique routes was over 250 km; At the same time, in the nesting period, which was three times in the other decade, grass was up to the end of the lime, a sprat of stages was seen. On the first (from the other decade of May to the end of this month) migrants arrive to the area, there are nests, a mass laying of eggs at the nests of birds that arrived at more early terms. At another stage, after an hour it falls on the worm moon, all the birds nest in the open landscapes, the birds nest, and the birds hatch in abundance, the eggs of the birds appear, it’s early to nest. At the third stage, which falls on the lime, nesting is completed in most species. This stage is characterized by the presence of other clutches near some of the species, the appearance of young birds that roam around. The late-nesting period, which stalks the serpent month by hour, is characterized by the monthly trophic wanderings of birds, the step-by-step influx of birds of stable links and nesting biotopes, the increase in migratory activity and the ear of osins.

The analysis taken from time to time shows the appearance of these birds that the fauna of birds in these landscapes becomes 78 species of birds from 13 enclosures. In addition, 16 species nest on the agricultural fields. Before them one can see the black teal Anas querquedula, meadow harrier Circus pygar-gus, gray chicken Perdix perdix, quail Coturnix coturnix, dragon Crex crex, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, snipe Gallinago gallinago, short-eared owl Asio flammeus, pratensis, yellow wagtail Motacilla flava, bila wagtail Motacilla alba, jackdaw Corvus monedula, snow leopard moth Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, chagar moth Acrocepha-lus palustris, meadow coin Saxicola ru. Nesting 10 species of ymovirno, then show juvenile males of pairs, which show nesting behavior, and brooding of young birds. Before them one can see the teal Anas crecca, the polovy harrier Circus cyaneus, the fox horse Anthus trivialis, the shrike Lanius collurio, the whitethroat Sylvia commu-

nis, river flowerweed Locustella fluviatilis, great flowerweed Locustella naevia, great stonewort Oenanthe oenanthe, great stonewort Emberiza citrinella, and great nightweed Emberiza schoeniclus. In this order, the list of birds that nest and ymovirno nest on bows, fields and pastures, there are 26 species. Of these, 10 species of birds nest in rural landscapes. Tse їхнє the main place of residence. Meadow harrier, gray chicken, quail, dragon, lapwing, short-eared owl, field lark, meadow horse, yellow wagtail, meadow karbuvannya can be seen before them. This group of birds is obligate for the open landscapes of Mishchivsky opill.

Another group is formed by birds, nesting biotopes such as those and elements of woody growth in rural areas. Before them one can see the pernis apivorus, the black shulika Milvus migrans, the goshawk Accipiter gentilis, the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, the great buzzard Buteo buteo, the hobby falcon Falco subbuteo, the great kestrel oenaturas, the white grouse Columba palumbussіnka, Coractopia turtledove garrulus, fox conic, shrike, Siberian shrike Lanius excubitor, jay Garrulus glandarius, magpie Pica pica, crow Corvus corus, chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, greenfinch Chloris chloris, siskin Spinus spinus, shrimp Carduelis carduelis, great ivsyanka.

Up to the third group, one can see that the meadow-swamp and water-water habitats serve as nesting grounds for them: gray sapling Ardea cinerea, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, teal-trisk, teal-whistle, marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus, gray beak crane Grus grus, maliy, Tringa ochropus, great snipe Gallinago media, black-headed gull Larus ridibundus, blue-grass gull Larus canus, white-crowned tern Chlidonias leucopterus, black-headed borsut, black-headed black-headed gull, black-headed vissyanka. The stench nests irregularly in open areas.

The group of synanthropic birds in the open landscapes is represented by the following species: the gray blue Columba palumbus, the swift Apus apus, the silver swallow Hirundo rustica, the blue swallow Deli-chon urbica, the white wagtail, the great sap Scornus monta-nus, the linnet Acanthis cannabina. Many birds are ready for watering and onions, which lie down to settlements, roads, people's lords' spores.

On the first group of obligate species, three others are facultative in open landscapes. Before optional species, follow, maybe, include a group of birds, rebuvannya

rural landscapes associated with periods of seasonal migrations: Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus, Merlin Falco columbarius, golden irzhanka Pluvialis apricaria, turukhtana Philomachus pugnax, rum Eremophila alpestris, brambling Fringilla montifringilla.

Of particular interest is the placement of birds that nest in the open landscapes. According to the mіstsіm mіstsyam nіzduvannya nіstіlyayutsya such groups. Persha - occupies the central part of the fields, looming here the largest density of population. Quail, polly lark, meadow karbuvannya can be seen before it. In the smoky vіdkritikh landscapes with a width of about 100 m, which lies up to the galyavin foxes, the current males of the quail and the field lark do not grow. Meadow karbuvannya nests in the midst of rіznotrav'ya, which was saved along the outskirts of fields, white knotted foxes, on the borders, closer to the middle of cultivated cereals.

Another group of birds is connected with the elements of the forest landscape - chagars, solitary trees and small groups of them, sharpened fields. Sound your nesting on fox galyavins. Before them one can see such a sight: sira hen, fox conic, shrike, chagarnikova outline, sira warbler, zvichayna vivsyanka. Qi see traplyayutsya and dilyanka, occupied by the supports of the power transmission line. The empty concrete supports of the power transmission line, like in the steppe regions, have become a permanent place for nesting jackdaws. The weaving of wood forgings and great vines on plots occupied by power transmission towers, telephone poles, indicating the possibility of their nesting in these areas, and sometimes on significant woodland areas.

The third group of birds is up to meadow-swampy dew, which was preserved by forests in rural areas. Before them one can see the teal-whistle, teal-trіskunok, meadow harrier, borscht, lapwing, snipe, marsh owl, meadow horse, yellow wagtail, rіchkovy tsvirkun, okeretyanya-borsuchok, ocheretyan wіvsyanka. Do you see them nesting in the fields, that they tell their nests by the height and tiered dewy cover.

When analyzing the current state of the fauna and population of birds in certain landscapes, it is necessary to check their seasonal dynamics (div. table). The group of obligate species is characterized by the greatest seasonal stability. They save a constant number of species during the spring-summer-autumn period. Visoka chiselnіst ptahіv tsієї groupies have bezsnіzhnu time rock, podіbnі pokazniki їh chiselnostі pid hour vesnyanih that osіnnіh mіgratsіy, pіznovesnyany recession that postupove zbіlshennya schіlnostі populyatsіy vnaslіdok rozmnozhennya svіdchat about those scho vіdkritі landscape Je Main mіstsemi accommodation for oblіgatnih ptahіv. In the past, the population density of the most obligate species is short. The number of these birds continues to shorten in the period

autumn migrations due to bird populations on aphids, there was a slight influx of migrants from the surrounding areas of the rural areas, spreading on the avian in the area until the end of the day.

Seasonal dynamics of the fauna and population of birds in the critical landscapes of the Mishchivsky opill

(A – population, ind./km2, B – number of species)

Biotopic groups of birds

A B A B A B A B A B A B

obligate birds

critical landscapes 91.6 9 77.6 9 83.1 9 106.7 8 92.8 10 78.8 9

Synanthropic birds 39.4 8 83.2 6 110.8 7 116.3 9 465.0 9 671.6 8

Fox birds 29.4 20 7.6 10 14.2 13 35.2 18 75.4 19 107.6 21

Meadow-marsh birds 4.5 13 1.7 4 1.3 4 7.6 7 11.4 8 5.2 2

Total 164.9 50 170.1 29 209.4 33 265.8 42 644.6 46 863.2 40

The group of facultative species is the most similar to the nature of the seasonal dynamics of species diversity and abundance in such landscapes of bird forest and meadow-marsh complexes.

Among the most common groups in the landscapes of the Mishchivskoe opillya, the forest birds are the most represented. Tse mozhe testify about the relative youth of the landscapes in the forest zone. But for the number of fox birds, there are groups of obligate species and synanthropic birds, which show the small forest of Mishchivskogo opil. The high density of the population of forest birds in the rural areas of the country is due to the fact that the surrounding areas are irrigated and the place for the collection of food is rich in species of birds that nest in the forest.

The group of meadow-marsh birds is considered to be among the smaller species diversity and numbers in the summer-autumn period. Hanging birds in the meadow-bog complex add to the fields the number of hours of water and water. This creates a great variety of species and a high density of the population of meadow-marsh birds.

The constant number of species in the spring-summer-autumn period and the high density of the population are typical for synanthropic birds. Progressive increase in the number of synanthropes until autumn, which reach in this hour the most important values not only for this group, but also in pairs with other groups of birds, pointing to the importance of such landscapes for synanthropic species as the main ones. In this way, the development of rural landscapes, an increase in the food base in them will lead to an increase in the number of populations of synanthropic birds.

It is important to point out the importance of the increase in species diversity and number of birds in different biotopic groups in wetlands

shafts in the early and autumn periods. This is explained as an increase in the number of populations of birds, which the result of reproduction, and the second stable links with nesting biotopes, redistribution of birds in the territory, movements of birds from other biotopes in the country.

Zvertaє on itself respect for the difference in species diversity and the number of large biotopic groups in the spring and autumn periods. It is connected with the wide expanse of roses under the spring and autumn flowing paths and nesting biotopes. Birds hovering between their nesting biotopes. It is possible that the closer the stench comes closer to the nesting place, the closer the birds go to the biotope, physionomically similar to the nests. In autumn, the food of the territories, with which the stench migrates, is more important.

In this way, the fauna of birds in the critical rural landscapes of the Mishchivsky opill is not uniform in its movements and seasonal dynamics. The intensive seasonal dynamics of the population of birds in the agrolandscapes of the region is due to the heterogeneity of its faunal complexes and sharp seasonal changes in the minds of the population of birds in agrolandscapes. The most imaginary and life-needed landscapes for most migratory and nomadic birds during seasonal migrations.

Literature a

Beintime A. 1982. Change in the number of archery birds in a rural area

landscapes of Holland // 18th International. ornithol. congress. M: 73. Brauner A.A. 1899. Shkidlivy and colorful creatures of the Kherson province // Zap. Society

sil. Mrs. Pivdenny Russia 4/6: 99-122. Brauner O.O. 1923. Strong zoology. Odessa: 1-436.

Butiev V.T., Ezhova S.A. (1986) 2016. Changes in the fauna and population of birds in connection with the strong development of the territory near the taemnіy zone // Rus. ornithol. magazine 25 (1371): 4640-4641.

Butiev V.T., Ezhova S.A. 1988. The structure of the population of birds in rural areas for the minds of the taiga of the European territory of the SRSR // Morphology, systematics and ecology of creatures. M: 28-38. Vladishevsky D.V. 1975. Birds in the anthropogenic landscape. Novosibirsk: 1-177. Viyskovy M.A. 1960. Birds of the steppe line of the European part of the SRSR. Kiev: 1291.

Gingazov A.M. 1981

equal. Tomsk: 1-168. Kirikov S.V. 1966. Promislovі creatures, the natural middle of that people. M: 1-346. Kirikov S.V. 1983. People and the nature of the steppe zone. M: 1-123.

Malchevskiy A.S., Pukіnskiy Yu.B. 1983. Birds of the Leningrad region and the sum of the territories: history, biology, protection. L., 1: 1-480, 2: 1-504. Birds of Kazakhstan. 1960-1974. Alma-Ata: 1: 1-471, 2: 1-779, 3: 1-637, 4: 1-364, 5: 1-468. Ptushenko O.S., Inozemtsev O.O. 1968. Biology that sovereign meaning birds in the Moscow region and the summіzhnyh territories. M: 1-461.

Ryabov V.F. 1946. Korist that Skoda ptahіv vіdkritikh expanse / / Tr. Mary. ped. in-ta 5: 1175.

Ryabov V.F. 1974. Change of the avіfauna of the steppes of Pivnіchny Kazakhstan under the influx of anthropogenic factors// Ornithology 11: 279. Ryabov V.F. 1982. Avifauna of the steppes of Pivnichny Kazakhstan. M: 1-175. Fedyushin A.V., Dolbik M.S. 1967. Birds of Belarus. Minsk: 1-513. Formozov O.M. 1962. Changes in the natural minds of the steppe pivdnya of the European part of the SRSR for the rest of 100 years and days of the present fauna of the steppes / / Dosledzhennya geography of natural resources of the tvorinnogo svity. M: 114161.

Solonen T. 1985. Agriculture and bird life in Finland. A review // Ornisfenn. 62, 2:47-55. ISSN 0869-4362

Russian Journal of Ornithology 2016, Volume 25, Express Release 1371: 4640-4641

Changes in the fauna and population of birds in connection with the development of the territory near the taiga zone

V.T.Butiev, S.A.Ezhova

Another sight. First publication in 1986*

As a result of the breeding in 1970-1985 of the birds in the rural areas of the region, which vines in the forests in the center of the Vologda Oblast, low natural patterns and trends in the change of the taiga fauna and the population of birds were revealed. Replacement of forest and natural-meadow groupings of birds on the grouping of agricultural and subdarian grounds to bring up to a sharp shortening of the number of species that nest (up to 2 and more times) in the first line for the nest of typical dendrophilic species. In the smaller world, there are a lot of edging-fringe birds, the warehouse of which often becomes more rich. At the same time, the role of the grouping of birds, which are connected with the most important people, is growing. The agrocenosis includes species inhabited by natural onions of the taiga zone, vidi-synanthropes, as well as invaders from other natural landscape zones (for example, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, polly lark Alauda arvensis, linnet Acanthis can-nabina, .). In the whole analysis, the changes in the avifauna occur in a sharply short-lived part of the taiga bird complex with an increase in the share of transmission

* Butiev V.T., Ezhova S.A. 1986. Change in the fauna and population of birds in connection with the development of the territory in the taiga zone / / Vivchennya ptakhiv SRSR, their protection and rational defense. L., 1: 108-109.

Theme of the lesson: "Birds of cultural landscapes".

Manager: to add, clarify, expand the knowledge about birds in places and villages, give evidence about the presence of birds to the minds of living near the life of a person; spriyaє razvitku p_znavalnogo _ interes kolts_v to nature and її vyvchennya, ekologichnі ї osvіti and vyhovannya uchnіv.

Ownership: sets of small and didactic material from images of birds, engravers, plastics from recordings of bird voices, tables.

Lesson plan:

Organizational moment.

1. Creation of working groups of scientists

2. Enter the word of the teacher

Zagin gorob'їnih ptahіv ohoplyuє majestic number of sightings of creatures and great number of families. More than half of the species of birds that inhabit the earth belong to their pen. Gorob'yachi - chains of medium and fractional size. Dziob they have a different form. Creelas can be long or short and blunt. Greater coverage of wood growing.

They are characteristically attached to relatively small nests, like they will be on trees, earth, minks, human spores.

Ptah rіznomanіtny (nasіnnya roslin, komakhi). The majestic bigness of the painted bird.

3. Rozpodіl zavdan. The skin group chooses an envelope, in some kind of input, texts with a description of the birds of one of the families that are used, illustrations or didactic materials.

Manager.

Read the whole text.

Look at the little ones.

Give a confirmation on food for fixing.

To collect visnovki about the presence of birds before dovkil.

Prepare information about the peculiarities of the modern look and biology of the widest birds of this family from the vicarious tables.

Formulate a visnovok about the hallmarks of the birds of this family.

Food for fastening.

What are the hallmarks of the birds of the motherland?

What are birds eating and what are the peculiarities of their lives?

What are the features of the nesting of birds of this family?

What role do birds play in nature?

Vyvchennya new material.

Independent work(10 quills): cultivating the old-fashioned look and peculiarities of the biology of the family

Family of weavers. (Slide 5.6)

Unite to kill birds that look different. Greater view of the wooden way of life.

The stature is slender, the head is round, the neck is short, the hip is of a conical shape. Creela in most species are short and rounded. On the ground they move with hairpins. Love to bathe in pills and pisku. Trimatize zgraami, deyakі navіt at the period of nesting.

Gorobets Domoviy- One of the most widely known birds. Vaga yogo become 23-25g, vіn vіdіznyаєє brown-burim zabarvlennyam and gray "hat". The male has a black throat and chest, the female is all brown-syrah.

Domovі gorobtsі - donkey birds, who hung around to live near the life of a person. The stink often stinks on the streets, beating the smіtєvih tanks, on the smіtniks. Quite often you can feel a little quiet color: “Troch-alive, troch-alive!”

In the spring, the stench begins to shout loudly and often, like bi “Alive! Alive! Alive!

Nests of gorobtsі vlashtoyut under the dakhas of wooden budіvels, at the slits of the sheathing. At the winter hour, they eat more importantly grain fodder, they can see the annuals. In the spring they eat coma of shkidniks. Only for one sighting of a bird take 500-700 comakhs.

Poloviy gorobets- For the size of a troch less than a brownie, it also looks like a brown dark, black patches on white cheeks and two bright husbands on wings.

Nest in the natural environment - on knots and parks.

Poloviy gorobets deshcho is more comahoidny. The collection of wines brings great greed, squealing the storms.

Crow family. (Slide 7,8,9,10,11,12)

Before this family, there are the largest representatives of the corral of gorob'їnih birds. They are characterized by a slender stature, strong legs of a great conical shape of the leg; plumage of black or stringed zabarvlennya, rich with metal glint.

Rook- a great bird, plumage of a new black. Ptah, what a roam, guessing to himself “gra-a, gra-a”, which looks like a name.

Jackdaw- donkey bird, medium size, black, with a gray “hustka” on its head. At the winter hour, the stinks often come together with the crows in the forests, and the hanging birds break up on a bet and build their own nests in the hollows of trees, at the ventilation openings of wakes. Birds see themselves with the characteristic cry of "gal-ka, gal-ka." The jackdaw is an omnivorous bird, often eating on smitniks.

Magpie- birds of medium size, which can be black and white zabarvlennya: head, neck, upper part of the breasts, tail and krill black with metal vіdlivym, cherevtsa and large plya on the shoulders - bіlі.

Flying hard, often waving wings.

Scream - louder chirping. The nests will be on the trees, often on the birch, the stench may look like the bushes, which are made up of dry vines and bushes. The middle of the new bowl is stashed, smeared with clay. To live forty hrobakami komakhs, not guided by a dribbling toad.

Lastivkov's family. (Slide 13,14)

Short and wide, especially at the base of the dzhob, large mouth opening, narrow and arched wings, wide chest and thinned stature at the same time, short and weak paws, unsuitable for hanging on the ground, nareshti, fork tail - a sign, for which it is easy indulge representatives of this family from other birds.

Silska lastivka, but the killer whale, as they call it among the people, may have a fork of the tail, at some extreme pir'ya - braids of dovgі and thin. The top of the body is black-blue, the lower side is white, the forehead and throat are rusty-brown.

This is a typical migratory bird, which appears with us on the cob of grass and chirping.

Lastivki are not good flyers, stink stink close to the nest. Nest of the strongest swallow - vydkrit filizhanka, attached sideways to the wall wooden sporudi. The nest clings to a lump of clay, soaked with slush, and straw, in the middle of the soft bedding, where the little birds hatch. For them, to catch lastivkas in the field of dry clods and chicks up to 600 times a day.

Blue family. (Slide 15,16)

The whole family will eat rotten chewing birds with a short straight leg. Their plumage is thicker, softer, wings are evenly short. In zabarvlennі tit types have bіlі "schіchki".

great tit- The largest of the titmouse, the troch is bigger than the pea. In the sight of other titmouses you can see a black late female - a “cravat” on yellow-green breasts, on the ceiling - a bright flame.

We often hear the voice of the zmіshanih and leafy foxes: "Sin-sin-verr." Begin to sleep your favorite song with our mistevity on the cob of the fierce. At the right time, for example, in winter, the wandering titmouse's roaming titmouses are betting. Bird nests are nestled in the hollows of trees.

Golovna їhnya їzha - komakhi, like a titmouse eating both a vletka, and a bribe. Winter activity is especially beautiful for a person, if there are eggs of a gypsy moth on the trees. At once, the tits can eat the new growths, and the great ones roost, squeezing right in their paws. Intense titmouse eat themselves and feed on chickens exclusively with clods. Their breeding is much larger in one breeding, it grows up to 14-15 birds. Ring for summer two vodkas.

Shpakov family. (Slide 17,18)

Birds of this family of slender statues, with a short tail and long wings, milk a long thin dzhob and strong back tips. Komakhs eat fruits and berries.

Shpak the most famous in our early spring behind the graks. On the back, males fly in, take a spatula and begin to sleep. However, there is no way to putty, birds settle in hollows. Females arrive for a few days. From the dry grass and the dewy lands of the birds, they begin to fill in the middle of the spakivn, or the hollows to sporadzhuvate the nest. Eggs hatch on the basis of both fathers, offend and win the birds, bringing them water from cities and towns up to 320 times a day.

The little birds are hopeless, and until the end of the third day, they begin to shout loudly, feed up to a litter for food, help with their wings, hang from the nest. After 21-23 days after the light stench appears, they leave the nest.

Wagtail family. (Slide 19.20)

Unite other birds with a rose of peace. The legs of the majority are thin and dove, with large, slightly curved claws, well attached to the ground; middle rozmіrіv dzhob thin and straight.

typical representative - white wagtail. It’s even quieter and swiftly running on the ground, this bird is constantly trotting with its tail. The wagtail is black and white in color, one can see a black cap, throat and chest.

It floats out itself and in pairs, lands, white waters, de eating clods flying over watery soil.

At the dachas, garden plots, there are no signs, nibi іnspektor, immediately after digging up the soil, easily running along the beds, sklovuє clods and nibi overturning the quality of the soil.

Formulary visnovkіv that їх discussed.

Homework: crossword puzzles, riddles, verses, notes about the lesson, little birds on a quiet nest.

Birds of Russian landscapes

Meta work Show the diversity of birds in the Rostov-on-Don metropolitan area Examine the biological features and peculiarities of the “behavior” of birds Show the mutual inflow of people and birds one on one

Task: Ordering the private species list of birds that are listed in Rostov-on-Don. Z'yasuvannya character perebuvannya ptahіv bіlya mista. Vivchennya rose under the birds at the borders of the city

A rich man, directly chi indirectly spitting on nature, changed his image. Following the change of minds, the mind changed and the world of creation. Some of them were seen, others became innumerable and were saved only on not enemy people's corners. Ale, more richly living, see animals and birds, not respecting the sharp change in the middle, zoomed in and settled in positions that were not remarkable for them. Viroblyayuschie necessary biological features, stench change like a warehouse їzhі, and nesting biotope and become typical representatives of the cultural landscape - the birds.

In the world of growing places, one sees the birds for ever deprive the urbanized territories, once they settle down to the life of the world, the third step back, and then they turn around and master the changing landscapes. The presence of birds before the life of the locality seems to be rather quick, so that it is possible to explain the nature of natural selection. Changes in behavior are at the basis of the urbanization of birds, as they lead to the formation of a special “mist” population structure. Deyakі see the birds, that vytіsnyayutsya zvichnyh mіsts living in places, marvelously fast to the absolutely new for them minds of life in the city. When birds show changes in their behavior, there are signs of stereotypes characteristic of this species, the choice of mistseperebuvannya, feed that mіsts nestduvannya. “The start of the start” of bird urbanization sounds like settlements in the primeval forests, or hoarding for the winter in the city itself. Let's go direct the "recruitment" of birds to the warehouse of the Russian population that is being formed.

The most characteristic birds for the place

Crow sira The crow is a great bird, which you can recognize by farbuvannyu. The people seem to have "a black tailcoat on a gray vest". Tse osiliy or nomadic bird. The nests will be on the trees, on the supports of the power lines. Ravens are everywhere. The basis of their eating should be made from different food leftovers, from food breweries, from the gospodars'kyi on smitniks and smitten dumps. The stinks destroy the nests of sleeping birds, eat the eggs of the birds. In order to change the number of orphan crows in the city, it is necessary to improve the sanitary camp of the territory and get to the parks of hut birds, which regulate the number of crows.

The great tit is the largest of the titmouse, the trochs are larger than the humpbacked one. In the sight of other titmouses, there is a black, late female “cravat” on yellow-green breasts, on the ceiling there is a bright flame. Nests are nested in hollows of trees, in openings between whole trees, in piece nests. Hanging and inlet in the diet of the great tit overwhelm the lumps and other spineless ones, the charge grows the role of ours, and the life of the people-grubs. Vzagali, titmouse are already burdensome. In England, stinks have learned to spit the lids off the milk bowls and sip some of the milk out of them. In the fall of the snow, more titmouse are seen on the day, and individuals that are left to winter, move to the outskirts of settlements.

Shpak The grown-up shpak is pofarbovani in black and metal in a rich color. Surprised, you can see red, purple and green in plumage. In the autumn, on the ends of the contour pen, there were white chicks, as if to cover the body of the bird with pearl roses. Dziob is yellow in spring, and dark until autumn. In young darkness, a storm of plumage, as if in pershu, the autumn of life changes in the growing season. Hinged shpaks are one of the first to arrive at the nesting site. Eating with different creatures and growing hedgehogs, after the completion of the nesting period, they are selected by great wild animals. Nesting is important for the inhabitant of the people, occupying especially for spaks of broken and cherry piece nests, on the balconies and under the dahas thinly.

Lastivka Short and wide, especially white base dzhob, great rozryz company, narrow and arched wings, wide chest, and at the same time the stature is thinned, short and weak paws, unsuitable for hanging on the ground, nareshti, tail-sign of this family. . The nest sticks from clay to spores. They are harching with coma spiymanimi at the window in the morning. Miska lastivka often establishes colonies up to a few dozen and more pairs. In the period of nomadism and the autumn season, up to a few hundreds of individuals are taken from the countryside. The total number of which is already great.

Jackdaw Osila is a bird, of medium size, black, with a gray “hustka” on her head. The best at the jackdaw is its eyes, the black of the eye of which is honed with a gray-blaky ray, to which the stench is given more and more brightly. The jackdaws are grumbling like a creature, like a dewy hedgehog. In the midst of the creature's journey, the clods - shkidniki of trees and chagarniks - are transported. For example, in summer and autumn, grains of cultivated cereals, late autumn and wintering-grubs are the basis of the diet. Kharchov's activity of jackdaws is too bad for a human being. For the nesting of the stench, choose closed places - hollows of trees, mountains. It winters near the settlements, de zvichay zustrіchaєtsya at once from the crows.

Rook Rook - a great bird, the plumage of a new black with a metallic glint. In view of the fact that the birds are constantly wailing from the earth with worms and larvae, the plumage of the old birds is hovering and a large white shkir is visible near the dzhoba. Nests will be on groups of trees near human settlements or near them. Such a colony is called a rookery. The rook house is visible and distinctly from afar. The main food is shkіdlі komakhi and yogo larvae, and navіtki prіznih produktіv zhitla people. One of the reasons for the rook species of other corvids, which is to lead an osiliy way of life, or to create autumn-winter roosts in the borders of the nesting area, those who are a rook for savage areas of their residence as a migratory bird.

Rіzny stupіn zvyazku ptahіv іz zhitlom lyudiny

Why do birds respect us? At the places of the stingy birds, friendly minds are established for the reproduction of mites, feathers, fleas, flies, moths. According to estimates of fahivtsiv, from 40 to 90% of birds are infected with ornithoses - unsafe diseases that are transmitted to humans. Birds can also be carriers of such illnesses as encephalitis, brucellosis, pasteurellosis and others. have unapproachability. Last bird psuє old look Budіvel, scho Ruynuє metal and ozdobluvalnі materials, as well as a substrate, through which various infections (zocrema, ornithosis) are transmitted. Synanthropic (unsafe) see other birds in the city, as if they would nest in the city's parks. Russian birds fight against urban noise in their own way. Male robins sleep at night, so that the beauty of the voice could be appreciated by the female. The tits in Belgium switch to higher frequencies, and the nightingales in Germany began to sleep on the floor with a voice, which is already violating European laws about noise pollution. It is impossible to forget about the possible disruption of the work of various services (power lines, the work of airports, too), which calls out to the activity of birds. According to statistics, one of the most common causes of accidents among ships is struck by birds. The impact force of a bird's eagle with a seagull for a wind speed of 320 km/year becomes 3200 kg, for a wind speed of 960 km/year - 28800 kg. For an initial flight with a bird weight of 1.8 kg and a flight speed of 700 km/year at an altitude of less than 2400 m, the force of a bird’s impact on a bird is less than the force of a 30 mm projectile.

Іsnuyut sound imitators of hizhih birds. They create different dawns, acoustic and other shifts, which make birds orient themselves in space. Create different mechanical shifts for planting and moving birds.

The melancholy of the miserable birds Sklovuyuchi komakh those їх larvae, nasіnnya weeds bring great melancholy. When in China they found out that the gorobtsy would misbehave with rice crops, eating grain. They voted in the city for the corpses of the humpbacked man, came out together, with the whole community, began to respect the birds to sit on the ground. The falling birds were pierced and strung on motuzochkas, they gave powers. Let's sweat, as if it was clear, Lord of the flies came, and grafted from him his little friends-coms, as if they were more likely to sacrifice for any hives. New townspeople had a chance to bathe behind the cordon. You don’t get hot with nature - it’s too expensive to go out. Healthy and happy Chinese beyond the borders China is ready to start a population of small towns in the Batkivshchyna, and then, in a rush, a lot of what you don’t need - if you want a grain of freedom for rice. Ale OK postiyno. For doba shpak, you can save the caterpillars’ stilt, you can put the stilts on your own and don’t stroke your own, so you’ll spend a lot of energy on the tricks of the hedgehog, keep nests and keep an eye on the little birds.

Facts about the birds Swift vicorist as a wake-up material for the sleep. With the help of the stench, the fluffs are glued together, the klaptiki of the paper and the other smittya, which are flying in the wind. The most recent nest was demonstrated on one of the ornithological stars: it was a crow's nest, more broken down than an aluminum dart. Gorobtsepodіbnі (the most numerous zagіn ptakhіv z vіdomih naukі) are close relatives of parrots and falcons. Woodpeckers, hawks, owls and hornbills look different, but all are close relatives of humpbacked ones. For prey, the titmouse flocks its chicks a thousand times. The French call the blue "flying squint" So stinks mean their territory. The most important bird is the black swift. Some wines can have 2 to 4 nights. Povіtry vіn їst, p'є, sleep that mate. First, breaking into the ground, the swift flew close to 500,000 kilometers, the first to land. When the birds are full, they wave their wings not uphill and down. Your ruh moves forward and backward, guessing at the sky, as if marveling at the side of the bird. .

Birds are the messengers of joy. Shoroku stench bring us spring on wings. Birds are our helpers, defenders of forests and fields, gardens and cities. The birds are the beauty of that mystery. It is not without reason that miracles and tales, songs, legends, and fairy tales have been written about them. Take care of the birds!

Viroblyayuchi necessitate biological features, stench changes like a warehouse, and nesting biotope and become typical representatives of the cultural landscape. birds that linger near the city.

For Russia, a group of birds of a bagat can be seen. Approximately 80 species of local birds - maybe 24% of the total avifauna stock - nest, fit in cultural landscapes or regularly see them.

Birds that nest at the people's houses, about synanthropes, Russia has only 13 species. Before them one can see the polovian and dimovy horobets, the syrian and daurian shpaks, the blue-grass and skelyasty pigeons, three types of swallows - the mіska, the daurian and killer whales, the white and white wagtails, the white-bellied swift and the Siberian redstart.

But the rest are three, so often they grow up and at their natural places of residence. In addition, in gardens, parks and squares, nesting on trees and in chagars is more important for us Russian birds- crows, magpies, splendid and black-headed grosbeak, Chinese greenfinch, great tit, gait, shrike-zhulan, little verticek and others.

The cultural landscape of Russia is no longer young, its molding began in antiquity. Archaeological excavations show that in the 2-3 centuries of our land, agriculture was developed here. There was an invasion of the Mongols, wars began, ruins, the death of whole cultures.

A hurricane of devastation swept over the countryside and for months, transforming the swirling edge into a deserted wasteland. Tse, with its blackness, the number of animals and mystic birds has stuck into the cultural landscape of Old Russia.

For matching, you can bring such data. On the Extreme Pivnoch, where the cultural landscape is the youngest and still forming, the avifauna is only 12-13 species of birds, and on the pivden, near the basin of the Kolimi River, 20 species of birds. The fauna of the cultural landscape in the average Russian smuz is represented by 36 species. myskih birds, and Central Asia, which Volodya is the most ancient culture of seeing mіsk birds already needs more than hundreds.

In such a rank, you can vvazhat that human activity does not have to lead to the destruction of the creaturely world. By transforming nature, creating cultural landscapes, it is possible to save animals and birds, and sometimes enrich the fauna with new species.