Pivdenna golden irzhanka. Bird golden irzhanka: description of the photo. What a voice of a golden irzhanka

The Golden Plover is a typical representative of its family. The price is great, the paska is well folded with short legs and a small short leg.

The upper part of the plumage of the bird is dark, with partial golden barvistimi, the bottom is black; between the lower and upper parts - yaskrava was smuga. The lower surface of the krill and pakhvove pіr'ya bіle. This is how the males look in their hats, the females look dark. The winter clothes are less yaskraviy, without the black "apron" on the cherevtsi. Juveniles are similar to females.

FUNNY NAMES

The plover is a typical pivnichna, tundra bird, and stalks in the Central Siberia. The main months of the summer perebuvannya and nesting - different types of tundra, from the Arctic zone to moss pains of the middle smoky. Zustrichaetsya out and in the mountainous tundra, onions and empty bows.

Chagarnika, high grass and other thickets of arzhanka are unique, giving the victory to the vіdkritim, equal, with a good look around the missions. On the stretch, waders trim on fields, bows and swamps, they often grow up on sprouted winter crops, for which they were called earlier sivkami » or, in the Ukrainian manner, « sivkami ". The funny call of birds is shown in other folk names: pollen piven , now , polova brizhka .

LOOKING ON THE EARTH AND LOOKING

At the nesting place, the golden dwellers fly near the grass, and at the last birdfall - near the worms, if they go snowing near the tundra. In Iceland, the deer is zvichayna, її, like in the middle smuz - graka, they call the spring of spring. Even on the fringes of Easter, group mating begins: males show off in front of females, bowing and demonstrating a bright black lace. The couples step by step step into the air and occupy their own allotment, de litsyanya continue, less at the window. The male to perform the ritual weeding around the female; you can broaden, tremble with wings, or make it hang for a while, like a great hummingbird! Having sank to the ground, the youngsters walk in order, sometimes do it for a long time.

PARADISE AT KRASHI

Dance dances, but the hour has come to think about children. Like and more waders, plovers need swamps for nesting. The nest of the cichlids is a simple hole in the ground, sparsely lined with dry blades of grass. Here, the female lays chotiri olive or zhovtі eggs with thick dark hens. Nasidzhuyut their both fathers, regularly changing one another. With whom, one should be more careful: as soon as one approaches the nest, quietly descend from the new one and raise one’s voice less at the entrance.

FOLLOW THE BATKA

Approximately in a month, down jackets appear. Like in all birds with a vivodkovy type of rose, the birds are sighted, miraculously smell, covered with thick warm fluff and a lot of buildings already in a year after the bigat’s wilting for the fathers. Yearning for a little one, like a mother with a tatom, more importantly with clumps - dribny beetles, caterpillars, hrobakami and different larvae (to the point, even more to love the caterpillar of the winter scoop - the dearest shkіdnik roslin). For example, summer and autumn, berries are included in the menu. On the back of the father's head, they lead a breeze after themselves, and for the least trouble, they themselves try to lead a hundred heaps into the nest (plotters are even better fathers). Having become the eldest, the chicks are already fully self-sufficient under the sight of grown-ups, and yet, close to the month, the alarming whistle of the fathers will instantly greet the children.

TIME TO FLY!

In 10-14 days, young residents already try krilltsya, and after 40-45 days they fly full-fledged. At this hour, this time, they begin to huddle at the big zgrayka and roaming - on the bud in the borders of the nesting area, and then we go farther, sticking out for the day. Bet that they did not spare the nests, they break the road earlier, even at the linden. The main span of the tundra apiaries is near the spring. Plovers will gather in small groups, 20-40 birds each. Mostly fly at night, and during the day they roam in the fields, swamps and gars, and it’s good. On the “savory” months, they take time to harvest great grains, up to a few hundreds, or even a thousand individuals. Cicavo, scho birds, to finish the protection of the wind, on the fly to be richly trustful and let people in at least ten meters.

VIEW ENGLISH TO ALGERIA

The wintering place is different: golden plovers can be caught in the lands of the Mediterranean, and in Pivnichny Africa, and on the Near Skhod. At this hour, stench lingers, obviously, not in swamps (there are no swamps in Africa), but in fields, bows and pastures. Cicavo, what they sounded in them among the birds at once from lapwings is practical in the desert! At the sight of the closest relatives, golden plovers vimku rarely fit on the mulish shores of the seas, giving priority to the greater dry seas.

See two guesses golden plover- pivnіchny and pivdenny. Pivnіchny - dosit simple, which is different number. Pivdenniy, which nests in the Pskov, Tver, Novgorod regions, is more rare and included in the rich regional Chervonih books.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Class: birds.
Zagin: life-like.
Family: life.
Reed: plovers.
Type: gold irzhanka.
Latin name: Pluvialis apricaria.
Rozmir: dozhina body - 25-30 cm, krill rose - 67-76 cm.
Vaga: 150-220 g
Zabarvlennya: Zhovte with black chickens.
Trivality of life of a golden life: up to 12 years.

6 365

In the middle of the numerical paska of the world, a cicava bird is growing, with a size of troch more than a shpak, with a short dzhob. Dressed in a grayish-brown plumage, she is flying softly and calmly, often repeating whistling tones. She's going to finish the rich land on her not narrower and not narrower legs.

This bird is known to the inhabitants of the tundra of faraway Europe and Asia, the mountains of Altai and Mongolia and the wealthy old-timers of the Middle Europe.

At the hour of change, the bird is more protective and does not let people close. Then, in the months of winter, and especially the nesting nature, the character is changed. Birds can be taken from the nest by hand and planted back. Vaughn forgets about the safety of the hair, if you change with downy birds, letting you get one croque.

For all the chain, Chomus was called a bad irzhanka. Chi is so bad in truth, how do you think about her richly who?

The plover miraculously masquerades its nest. It is important to take a look at yourself for two short periods of time - it is so good to get angry with the nasty misfortune. Tilki vipadkovo can be made to drink on the bird's hut. If the bird is angry from the nest, don’t fly away, but live freely, pulling and pulling one leg, it’s wounded. At the same time, the plover horizontally soars, the trochs lift the wings and release the tail with a vial. Varto only people swell, for sprat krokiv zupinitsya and birds. And as soon as a white stone streaks nearby, it shines on a new one, spreading its wings, shining with its beauty, and asking a person to have mercy on her.

What can you do to make bad things happen to these children? I understood, no!

And yet another miraculous building of Volodya is a cute and original bird: you can guess the answer, from the right - with a friend or a friend.

Keeping an eye on the granary, I often went to the nest. On the back of the bird likavsya. And then, having raised my friendship to myself, I ceased to be afraid. Absolutely freely, in my presence, she left the nest, crumpled the coma and turned around again. Nasamkinets our friendship has gone so far that we allowed ourselves to be touched with our hands.

A few hours later, I saw the nest of a bad plover. It was empty. The little bird saw the little birds and led them. After diligent and retal, but unsuccessful searches, I thought: “Ni, not a bad іrzhanka, but, on the contrary, a more intelligent bird.”

Just as I guessed, another important detail was that the chicks were visidzhuav, and they were self-protected and guarded against the numerical problems of the oystercatcher. Mother, having laid eggs, left the nest and did not turn back to the new one.

So, undeservedly, people depicted such a bird-like light, a feathered father, a miraculous sim'yanin, a good wielder of that friend, calling him a bad granary. Buvay, it’s so easy to put together a filthy thought about a good person.

F. SMIRNOV, article from the magazine “Sim'ya ta school”, 1963 r_k

Rzhankov(lat.Charadriida) - a family of birds from a pen of life-like (Charadriiformes). One can see short-legged cotton-wool birds of small and medium size that live in milk water. The biggest rzhankovs come up to the chibis.

Description

Dovzhina vіd 12 cm (dribni plover) up to 38 cm (great lapwing). Masa vіd 25 - 30 g to 440 g. Irzhanі more dry-loving, lower snipe, more likely to walk and run on hard ground. Their fingers are short in the middle, the flower is shirsh, the welt, which goes behind the bases of the fingers, is weakly wound. The hind toe is narrower or smaller, the head of the Plovers is perceptibly large, the neck is short, the stature is narrow, the legs can be as short as equals, and even longer.

The tail sounds short, krill dovgi, its form varies from wide and narrow to wide and blunt, mayzhe square. The infestation of plovers is more bright and contrasting, lower in snipe, and more stringy for her as a whole is not typical, on different bandages, shirts, plastrons, hoods, masks and other great elements of the little one.

Width

Plovers thrive in various open landscapes from the arctic tundra to deserts and high mountains, at the link with the wire roll of the zoro analyzer, at the ears of the stench lead an important daytime way of life, no matter what.

Reproduction

Nest in pairs, more commonly in diffuse colonies. The nest of charterflies is a small hole in the ground, often without a bedding. The number of eggs in a number of species has been changed from the most significant for waders 4 to 3 and to lay 2 eggs. The shape of the egg is typical for waders - with a good expression of the hospitality of the farbowing of shkaralupi, it is standard - a cold background, which varies, with dark sleep of different intensity. Offended by partners, in poor species - only a female, in species with inversion of state roles - a male. At the nest and the hatchlings are richly seen even more restless and aggressive, with cries they pour on the guards in the cordons in the territory, kicking with their paws. Incubation three times 3 - 4 days. From the first days of life, the stinks of the building grow up themselves, they have grown up only to warm and protect, to bring in the enemy, which is approaching, pretending to be injured. In pivnіchnyh plovers, they have grown up to take their young to the wings, in chibis, young birds roam and see at once from fathers. The state was seen from the end of the first - another fate of life.

A dekilka of chibis and zuykiv was indiscreetly attached to the sus_dstva with people. following the open agrolandscapes, they penetrated into the glib of the forest zone, nesting on gravel flat dahas of budvels.

chibisi pirodina (Vanellinae)
- chibisi (Vanellus)
  - pygalitsa (V. vanellus)
  - lapwing (V. crassirostris)
  - yellow lapwing (V. malabaricus)
  - Javanese lapwing (V. macropterus)
  - tricolor lapwing (V. tricolor)
  - mask chibis (V. miles)
  - farrier (V. armatus)
  - African spurred lapwing (V. spinosus)
  - river lapwing (V. duvaucelii)
  - black-tailed lapwing (V. tectus)
  - black-headed lapwing (V. melanocephalus)
  - gray-headed lapwing (V. cinereus)
  - chibis (V. indicus)
  - white-headed lapwing (V. albiceps)
  - Senegalese lapwing (V. senegallus)
  - Maliy Chornokryly Chibis (V. lugubris)
  - Chornokryla Pigalitsa (V. melanopterus)
  - crowned lapwing (V. coronatus)
  - red-breasted lapwing (V. superciliosus)
  - lapwing (V. gregarius)
  - White-tailed Pigalit (V. leucurus)
  - cayenne lapwing (V. cayanus)
  - blue lapwing (V. chilensis)
  - Andean lapwing (V. resplendens)

pіrodina zhita (Charadriinae)
- rіd chervonokolіnі zhita (Erythrogonys)
  - red-collared irzhanka (E. cinctus)
- plovers (Pluvialis)
  - golden plover (P. apricaria)
  - burokryla irzhanka (P. fulva)
  - American Plover (P. dominica)
  - tules (P. squatarola)
- plover (Charadrius)
  - Maori plover (C. obscurus)
  - cravat (C. hiaticula)
  - C. semipalmatus (C. semipalmatus)
  - Ussuri plover (C. placidus)
  - Maliy plover (C. dubius)
  - Wilson's plover (C. wilsonia)
  - noisy plover (C. vociferus)
  - Madagascar plover (C. thoracicus)
  - santaelensky zuyok (C. sanctaehelenae)
  - plover shepherd (C. pecuarius)
  - trismugovy zuyok (C. tricollaris)
  - forbesive zuyok (C. forbesi)
  - sleeping plover (C. melodus)
  - chestnut-striped plover (C. pallidus)
  - sea plover (C. alexandrinus)
  - White-fronted Plover (C. marginatus)
  - plover (C. ruficapillus)
  - Malaysian Plover (C. peronii)
  - Java plover (C. javanicus)
  - commercial plover (C. collaris)
  - double plover (C. bicinctus)
  - Bunting Plover (C. alticola)
  - Falkland plover (C. falklandicus)
  - short-billed plover (C. mongolus)
  - plover (C. leschenaultii)
  - Caspian plover (C. asiaticus)
  - skhidny zuyok (C. veredus)
  - girsky plover (C. montanus)
  - plover (C. modestus)
  - crystal (C. morinellus)
- Rіd kapovі іrzhanki (Thinornis)
  - plover (T. rubricollis)
  - Chatemsky shore plover (T. novaeseelandiae)
- a number of Australian desert dwellers (Elseyornis)
  - Australian puffin (E. melanops)
- oreopholus
  - ruficollis (O. ruficollis)
- rіd crooked plover (Anarhynchus)
  - wry-nosed plover (A. frontalis)
- Rіd diademovі zhita (Phegornis)
  - diadem irzhanka (P. mitchellii)

Under the golden irzhanka, the birds grow up, which makes it easy to endure temperature drops and the cold climate of the zocrema. Vaughn is not endowed with a fluffy and drooping tail, on the vіdmіnu vіd relatives. The plover lives in Iceland, in this country, the native people believe that the feathered person is signaling about the coming of spring. Birds of a migratory type are not surprised by their great sizes, they are flying fast. Let's take a look at everything that is connected with this kindred variety.

Features of the mind

Individuals represented by the group can be seen up to clover-like ones. The stench is protected to the kind of plovers and the family of plovers. Fakhіvtsі clarified that today there are close to 4 different individuals. Golden birds reach the inhabitants of the day, stinks linger in the airy territory.
Numbers of birds are not disturbed by large dimensions, the stench is more pleasant than the average size. Individuals grow practically up to 30 cm with a body weight (maximum) 210 gr. According to the wingspan of krill, the indicators vary no more than 65-75 div.
For your own unique characteristics, you can guess that these birds are not ugly. They have a small head of a round format, thin and non-stiff legs, and a massive statue. For real, the plovers are agile and swedish.
What is worth the number of these individuals, on the terenas of our fatherland there are about 4 thousand heads. If the flight begins (autumn, spring), then about half a thousand individuals fly over Russia.
The population is shrinking, the shards are developing, and the people are developing new lands. Birds have less space for sprouting nests for offspring. Due to the fact that the area is shortening, this variety was brought to the Chervonoy book.

Accommodation

The number of birds vvazhayut for better life in the marshy areas, mountainous parts, in the tundra and in wastelands. The stench is even wider in Europe, on the її pіvnіchnіy territory. For the winter they go to the countryside, as well as to the British Isles.
Individuals often meet in England, Iceland, and visit Siberia. For those that this species is practically not found in Central Europe, it can be said that in this part of the population the individuals were very fast.
For behavior, you can watch for a long time, especially as birds are found in the coastal milin. If the tide rises, the zones are flooded, then after that you can see a lot of water here. Zim birds are busy.

Description

Rozmalovka to the body to lie in the territory of the residence of individuals, as well as their state belonging and age category. Vidtinok feathering is changed by the stretch of the mustache base. At the upper part, and the very region of the tail, neck, head and back, feathers have a brown-gray plumage with golden marks. It helps individuals to get angry with dovkills, masquerading as enemies.
If love games begin, individuals of a person's state belonging are transformed. These black pir'ini are framed by a white oblyamіvkoy. In the region of the neck, take your ear of a dark flame, as it stretches through the cranial region to the zone of the tail. Such a contrast privablyu ptahіv protilezhnoї statі and podpomogaє vyznachiti, like a person perebuvaє before eyes.
The female representatives also have a dark-colored chicken in the black section. However, it’s more fluffy, lower schіlne and viserunchaste. Rozmalovka until the end of the school period, call another half of the sickle. At the hour of the feast, we become dark, the winter weather comes to change.
If you take your cob during the nesting period, an apron on the chest wall and cherevtsі є. Ale, on the cob of autumn, the feasts are changing one by one, the birds are ready again until the transition and winter.
Juveniles may have more pigmentation of plumage. Birds in the black part bow down to the lower white feasts. In the region of the back there are golden-gray marks with white males. Young animals have problems with stomach and breasts. Dark eggs appear on this part.

Varto signify that the inhabitants cannot put down the competition, for example, the nightingale. However, these birds make a charming song with the silent ringing sounds. If the male starts to sleep, then the female is brought in. Tse is called tokuvannyam.
At the hour of the school period, the male rises high in the air and begins to sing. At the same time, it is beautiful that it wide-spreads its wings. It can be said that the beloved song always consists of two parts (verses). At the first stage, the male tries to see the garni and to make a folding whistle.
Such a part can be called the most beautiful part. Here the sounds are repeated bagatorazovo. With this, you can pause between them. The other part is deshcho squealing. The sounds are soundless. When you whistle, finish the cicada.
If the individuals start turbulently at their donkey, then the whistle can make a vague and nasty intonation. And here you can sing one-man, one-fold and bagatora sounds. The very same cries of individuals perekukuyutsya, if perebuvayut at the enemy.

life

Individuals can finish a varied diet of food. The main part of the menu of such birds is made up of worms, coma and ravliki. Such food can be obtained from a great number in the earth. The most common representation of birds is to give priority to grandmothers, various larvae, spiders and beetles.
Likewise, plovers are often interrupted by a small barn. When the season of migration comes, such birds often spit their teeth for repair. At this hour, the stench mostly eats crustaceans and all kinds of mollusks. What a tall hedgehog is worth, then in the diet of a living there is a presence in a small amount. The little birds eat the marsh berries, the green ones grow.

way of life

Okremo varto guess about those who are especially important to live in colonies. With tsomu in such zgray, you can also see birds. Most often there are snails and curlews. At the nesting place, the birds turn around.
Most of the plovers grow their nests near the ground like a burial ground. Most of the birds will live their lives on the bottom of the pines and on the marshy bushes. The birds are unique in the herbaceous mist and water bodies nearby.
In addition, the birds do not hasten to grow on the dry lands, de practically all the growth has arisen. May all the individuals, which are looked at, turn in the minuloric space of nesting. Likewise, the spring season begins and bets are settled.
On the dobuvannya їzhi birds are virushayut at the daytime. If there is not enough food, such individuals can go to watering at the evening hour. Birds begin to migrate from the ear of spring to the middle of the day in the middle of the day. At the warm edges, the birds fly near the fall of the leaves.

Golden plovers reach state maturity and break up to nesting on another river of life. If there are people of the young age, then the stench all summer roam from one month to another. After the life of the nest, the birds whistle with a ball of fluff and dewy material. The clade may have up to 4 eggs.

Video: golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria)

This is the central family of waders, which is the most majestic view of the paddock. The characteristic of this family of a significant world zbіgaєtsya z ієyu even more characteristic of the corral zagalom. All you see, what is seen to the family of the zhit, may the middle or dribnі razmіri, it is clear to the old and the long (and the same long) legs. Stonewomen only have short legs. Krill at the big zhita dovgі, gostrі (for a vine of snipe), kindly stuck to the swedish polot. The third flywheels are strongly lowered and satisfy the so-called kіska on the wings opened for weeding. Dzyuba in some species of a dead dovzhina, in others dovga, gostra, straight, bent down, downhill, sometimes widened at the tip, in one slope bent sideways (in Anarhynchus).

In the meantime, all representatives of the family inhabit open spaces - protecting seas, rivers, lakes, grassy or mossy swamps; a number of species inhabiting the steppe and navіt desolate. It is not enough to live near the foxes, the deacons from them nest in the trees, and others on the ground.

Representatives of the charter family are divided for the way of life, dovkіll, zvnіshnіm look, and often for internal life. The great number and variety of manhood allows you to see in the family a sprat of groups, which fakhivtsy give the rank of pidrodin. There are 11 such podrodins. plovers(Charadriinae), chibisi(Vanellinae), stilts(Himantopinae), sicklebeak(Ibidorhynchinae), oystercatchers(Haematopinae), uliti(Tringinae), phalaropes(Phalaropinae), kamіntsi(Arenariinae), dog breeders(Calidritinae), snipes(Scolopacinae) that godwit(Limosinae).

The family has 147 species (in addition, there are 77 copalins), which lie up to 36 slopes.

A group of kuliks who unite with a common name plovers(Pidrodina Charadriinae), includes birds of small and medium varieties with perceptibly short legs and a short, albeit strong “pigeon” type of leg. The anterior part of the upper slit of such a dzhoba is swollen, and the main її part is squeezed in, and the nostrils protrude into this depressed part of the dzhoba. Crila at all lives long, gostri, strong.

One species in tsіy podrodinі is seen in particular tules(Squatarola) on the tiy base, sho, on the vіdmіnu vіd reshti zhita, maє 4 fingers (however, the back finger is more small). Other vidi unite in one row plover(Charadrius), moreover, most of the representatives of this genus are called plovers, while most of the other ones are called plovers.

tules(Squatarola squatarola).

Vaga yogo 170-225 g, the length of the krill in males and females is 18-20 cm.

In a mature male thules, the underside of the body, the sides of the neck, the sides of the head are black, the underside is white. The dorsal side of the bird is black with sharp white transverse barvistami. The female is on the back of a troch of a bora, and on the lower side of the body there are white marks. In the autumn, the birds have the underside of the body bilyasta, and the top is brownish with golden-yellow barvistami, the bottom of the tules at this hour trochs make golden irzhanok.

They inhabit the Eurasian tundra tundra from the Kanin Pivostrov to Chukotka and the Pivnichnoi America tundra. For the winter, thules live on the coast of Africa, Pivdenny Asia and beyond; you can get a charge to Australia. The stench also hibernates near Central America and near the pivnіchny parts of Pvdenny. In deyakіy kіlkostі can be zimku і in Europe (in England and on pіvden).

On the occasions of nesting on the European and Asian birds, the tules appear on the cob - the middle of the wormwood.

For nesting, tules are nested in sirih, but not more than swampy tundras and rivers in floods, and sometimes they occupy dry dry tundra plots. The nests of the birds are always scattered, not establishing colonies. Navit there, de cih birds are rich, on the skin pair fall an area of \u200b\u200bnot less than 1/4 km2, like a bird to protect it.

The nest is built by the female, as if with her paws she makes an irregularly rounded hole in the sandy-peaty soil. Nesting yamts have a litter, which is made up of dry stems of bugna, moss and lichens.

The upper hoard of the tules has 4 eggs, which lie at the nest with gostriami in the middle and troch down. The color of their colors varies from light erysipelas to brown or olive with blackish and stormy patches and speckles. You can hatch eggs in one nest, but they can be different for each color. Dovga all eggs 45-52 mm width їх 34-38 mm.

Nasidzhuyut masonry for 23 days, insulting members of the bet, for example, during the period of nesting, it is important for the female to sit on the nest, and the male stays close to the nest for any nesting. At times of anxiety, for example, when a human appears, the male gives a voice and lives to kill in the nest, and then the female comes to the male, as if sticking out of the nest in full movchann, pragnuchi get rid of the unmarked. If a person doesn’t go after the birds right away, the stench turns before her and starts to lead.

Downy tulesiv, which only hovered, guard in the other half of the linden, but sometimes at the same time you can flock and chicks, which are drunk. Young tulesiv, which fly well, can be swept along all the prairie tundras until the end of the sickle.

As only young birds become independent, the grown-ups begin to change their clothes for the day. Sound tse bovaє for example sickle - on the cob spring. In the meantime, as in the majority of tundra waders, deaks have matured individuals, yak ymovirno did not nest, but nested not far away, they nest much earlier. Accepted in the British Isles of running trees are already in the middle of the linden. At the same hour, tulesi were appointed and pivnoch in Kazakhstan, in Naurzum.

Juvenile birds live late, in the tundra hundreds of birds can be seen in the middle of spring; in the middle of our country, for example, on the Sivash, young tules are like a zhovtnya, the white of Orenburg is near the first half of the zhovtnya, in the region of Astrakhan it is found in the middle of leaf fall.

Friendship linen, like kulikivs become completely new, among mature tulesivs they stretch for a long time and pass at two priyomi. On the back, another hour of nesting, the fledgling plumage begins to change. Then there is a pause in the lint, and the end of it (if the old feather changes, which is gone, and everything is great plumage) we are going to winter on the missions. At the birch near the trees, there is a chastkova, a front line. At the same hour, other feasts are changing, and that is far from all. The front line will end for an hour, if only to start nesting on the missions.

Tules near the tundra are easy to spot. It is worth dosing the great sandpiper, which one is willing to climb on the tops of the great tundra hillocks. Vіn sees his presence in the same way in his voice, steadily seeing far away, strangely dull, albeit to reach a melodious cry. Like all the inhabitants, the tules are fast-witted, the roblyaches of the rapt teeth are looking around at all sides. Vіn shoplyuє vidobotok, scho zdebіlshoy vіdkryto vіdkryto on the surface soil, and also near the grass or in the moss, then let's live far away. To catch water creatures from the surface of the water, from the bottom of the shallow tundra lakes, and in the winter to pick up spineless sea creatures that have lost water in the Kalyuzhs after seeing. Amphipods and mollusks, different dvucryl and their larvae, larval stages of aquatic coma, more like terrestrial coma and arachnid coma serve as the same thules. The children of tules are also born and berries, but in a small quantity.

The largest oystercatcher in the genus Plover (Charadrius) - golden irzhanka(Ch. apricarius) is somewhat smaller than the thules described above. In the sight of the remaining golden irzhanka, it is good to see rich yellow or golden beaches on the dark upper side of the body. If you take a bird in your hands, you can bachiti, that the smell of pir'ya in a golden plover is pure-white (the same as a stench black in a tules). In addition, the golden irzhanka, like all representatives of the family, has only 3 fingers. Dovzhina krill golden plover 17-18 cm, vaga 200-210 g.

Golden plover - tundra bagasse and often forest tundra from the Kola Pivostrov to the Khatanga basin, sometimes wandering and descending. In addition, the golden plover inhabits Finland and Scandinavian breeding, nests near the Baltic states, Denmark, the Netherlands, England and Iceland. In our country there are migratory birds, in England they are often assimilated.

Golden plovers often spend the winter near England, but more importantly near the edges of the Mediterranean Sea (European and African). Okremi individuals are abandoned for the winter in Transcaucasia, penetrating the winter to the Persian inflows and often to the western shores of the Hindustan breeding island.

In the winter, the golden dwellers tremble in the fields, dry and wet pastures, and in Algeria they grow in the same grasses with lapwings, spreading there for a day until they are empty. On the mud of the sea coast, the stench rushes richly nearer, lower than the thules.

At the ferocious bird, the winter months are overwhelmed, on the cob of the day they can be designated on the days of the SRSR, and at the quarter - grass fly through the mainland parts of our country. On the nesting seasons in the tundra, the golden chrysanthemums appear early in the end of the grass, often in the first half of the wormwood. Before the hour of the spring season, golden plovers sing for a year on steppe plots, and the forest zone on moss swamps and gars.

For nesting stench, choose tundra bogs, sedges and moss swamps in river and lake valleys. In the forest-tundra, stench nests with fox galyavins. Near the Baltic States, their nests are misceperebuvannya - upper swamps.

Breakdown on a bet is due for a few days after the arrival. Negainely begins the litter of slut, which is accompanied by cries, repeated by the stretch of the day. The male zlіtaє uphill and describe in terms of a stake, evenly and milk it properly waving wings, for an hour to wind up wide. With a quick vein, you begin to tremble with krills, then descend down to the female, and the offending birds start to bail, trying to reach a significant number. Like pairs nesting close one in one, the males are awakened to scream and fly more dbaily, but they do not blame the fortune-tellers among them: often the birds of different pairs are happy in uninterrupted closeness.

To rule the nests of the golden plover, choose a dry spot - a flat bush, a rotting deck of a fin, etc. The bird's nest is a shallow hole with a small padding, where 4 eggs are laid, like vines, 5 eggs, sometimes 3 and rarely 2. Egg diameter: 48-55 x 33-38 mm. Their coloration is light, yellowish-brown, often with a dark red color. Eggs are covered with dark brown and pale gray flames. Nasidzhuyut insults members nestovoї bet. Nasidzhuvannya threevaє 27 days.

Sound the little birds come to the world at once, but oh well, the rest of the birds will lay eggs on the 48th anniversary of the first. And here the older chicks are brought out of the nest earlier, the other chicks appear below. On the cob, golden chickweeds are energetically and self-guided to open the nest. Then the old birds chirp on the great hillocks, constantly seeing the anxious, troch hard whistle, and the young ones are happy to look around the fathers. At the first alarming signal of the father, the stink will come.

At the linden of the golden irzhanka, they begin step by step to get into the zgrayki and in the middle of the sickle proceed to the vіdlot. On the other hand, deyak individuals appear significantly on the afternoon from their nesting places near the linden (for example, in the Oryol region). In the autumn season, the golden dwellers near the earth-growing zone spend most of their time on the fallow and winter fields, and in the spring they can often be seen on the winter gatherings. In the fields, the golden dwellers grub on the larvae of meadows (drotyaniki). We don’t know what to eat golden plovers in the tundra, but in the upper swamps of Estonia the stench of leaves, darters, elephants and ground beetles, that they collapse properly. For example, summer plovers also eat berries.

The linen of golden irzhankas runs approximately like that of a tules. However, the birds that nest in the primeval parts of the range (for example, near the Baltic states) start nesting, without having finished the pre-moult, in the mixed winter-summer plumage. At the tundra, the stench arrives, having caught the molt in the hat, wearing it all over.

At the exits of Siberia, in the tundra from Yamal to the Chukchi Pivostrov to the seaside smug of Anadir, and also to nest in the tundra of Pivnichnaya America Burokryla irzhanka(Ch. dominicus). The sound of it is more similar to the front looking, ale troch drіbnіsha, krill she has deshcho hostreshі and visibly trohi dovshі, lower near the golden zhita. The number two can be sorted out well for the color of the inguinal fir: the stench of the brown-crowned veneer is smoky-gray, and not white, like that of the golden veneer. Dovzhina kril burokryloj zhit 15-19 cm.

On the view of the golden veins of the burokril, in the winter, great expanses fly far and often over the sea. Birds that nest in Asia winter near the coastline of Northern Africa, on the shores of Pivdenny and Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia, in Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. At the skhodі їkhnya zimіvel okhoplyuє Hawaiian and Marіzskie islands. To dine on the Hawaiian Islands from the nearest parts of the land (from the Aleutian Islands), the inhabitants can fly 3,300 km over the sea, and there is not much to do. Tse, maybe, the maximum watering of the birds, which we know. From the Hawaiian Islands to the Marquez Islands, 3000 km. It’s safe to say that a plover should fly at a speed of 26 m/sec (that’s about 94 km/year) and hit 2 swings with wings, then out to reach the Hawaiian Islands, it’s guilty to fly without help for 36 years and kill with 252,000 wings without swinging ! Burokryli plovers of Pivnichnoy America fly on the cob directly to the downhill, to Labrador, then turn to pivden, many of them fly over the sea to the Bahamas and Antilles. Price not kіntseva meta more expensive. They gave the birds to fly in the winter, rose in the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay. Back on the spring stench to fly along the other way - the mainland, through Central America pіvnіch.

On the vіdmіnu vіd flamboyantly colored and plovers, scho to wash the black bottom crib, otherwise, how else to call yoga, great sound(Ch. hiaticula), the dorsal side is single-coloured, gray-brown, and the underside of the body was covered with a black transverse smuga on the neck (with a “cravat”). The forehead of the queen is white, the front side is dark and the sides of the head are black. On the steering fir'ї, krіm middle їx bet, rich white color. The crane at the crib is short, two-coloured. The main part of yogo is orange-yellow, kіntsev is black. The young birds were poached for the old ones, and the black tones of plumage replaced them with storms. Dvokolirnist dzhoba in young (autumn) birds is practically not pronounced. Whether it’s time for the rock, it’s possible to see a small plover similar to it for the zabarvlennyam, which on the shears of all the flywheels has a new white color, which borrows, however, a small part of the shear. Dovzhina of krill of hens 13-16 cm, vaga 44-65 g.

The bedspreads are wide across the entire tundra zone of Eurasia and Pivnichnoy America (the American bedspreads have a ridge between the middle and outer fingers, reaching the other drift, there is a small ridge on the inside of the middle finger). In addition, stinks inhabit the Baltic republics and the peninsula part of the Kaliningrad region (in the area of the sea coast). Numerous remarks in old books about the nesting of cravats on the day of appointments, for example, in the Pivnichny Caucasus, pardons.

For nesting cravats choose food and pebbles, dunes. Podekudi stench just nest in the rubble tundra. It was established by the road of kiltsyuvannya that the cravats turn around on their old nesting site and then, when they arrive, they occupy the minuloric nesting nests. Birds that nest in the Kaliningrad region lay two clutches per summer (4 eggs each, 3 or 5 vines), and tundra birds nest once per river. In front of the male is a large sprat of nesting pits - “hybnyh nests”, one of which flocks with a regular nest. Like a bird's laying has perished, a new one is being laid, and so you can wind it up to 5 times.

On the birches of the Baltic Sea, it is said that less than 37% of the eggs are laid, and less than 15% of the birds become mature. Also, with eight eggs per river, the cravats are brought to a full-grown camp in the middle, only one bird. If it is possible to let in, and for whom it is enough, if about 50% of the young birds have taken the winter to the cob of the new nesting period, then it turns out that the skin pair for the support of the number of species on the very same line is the fault of the chicks. The trivality of the life of cravats is about 4 years old.

Maliy kravatka, or, as it often seems, malus zuyoc(Ch. dubius), already similar to the variety of descriptions, ale troch dribnishy for the new, dzhob in this species is one-barred, without an orange-yellow base. On the first first row flywheel, the entire feather stovbur (after the vinyatka of the kinchik itself) is white, just like on the shears of the second flywheel, there is no white color. For the sign of a small plover, it is easy to see a crib. Dovzhina krill small plover 10-12 cm, vaga 31-46 g.

Small plover nests on the Atlantic coast of Eurasia at the entrance to Japan, Taiwan and the Philippine Islands at the exit. On the peninsula of the widenings to the White Sea and Mezents, to the river Eloguy and to the mouth of the river Vilyuy near Siberia. On the peninsula, the area of yogo nesting hovers the most important parts of Africa (on the peninsula in the Sahara), on the way to New Guinea and the Bismarck archipelago. The small plover winters near tropical Africa, near Pivdenno-Skhidny Asia and on the islands of Indonesia. Maliy kravatka settles on pebbles, nearer to pebbles and sometimes on the muluvati milinas of rivers and lakes. The vines also nest in the pits that have been left behind after picking gravel.

In England, it is indicated that the number of the small plover began to grow after the increase in daily work and the resulting increase in the number of gravel pits. Spravzhnogo uninterrupted nasidzhuvannya at a small crib, maybe not buvay. Birds often lightly sizzle their eggs with squeaky squeak and in the middle of nowhere they suffocate them with good sun, so the development of the germ is born in the significant world without the participation of the fathers. Turbot about the offspring of a small crib is more well-rounded. Birds energetically enter the nest, and as in the nest, an unplanted egg appeared - the base, all the stinks fill up a little more than a few days after the hatching of other birds. Before the speech, the chicks of the small plover are hatched at different times, stretching for about 2-3 days. Imovirno, the birds start nasidzhuvati immediately after laying the first egg.

Seeing a small plover on a pebbly miline is even more important, and it’s less than a hundred eyes away, like wine is recognised. Vіn may sound, remembering the approaching people, turn up to the new dark dorsal side, cuddle to the ground and become unremembered. Let's sweat in the air and less than once we climb onto the wing.

Even guess a small plover sea plover(Ch. alexandrinus). Vіn vіdіznyаєєєєєєєєєєє small plover deshcho planting on his feet, short coat, disproportionately large head and rude dzhobom. With binoculars, you can clearly see the rudeness on the back and the replacement of the succulent black smug across the goiter with two dark patches on the sides. With the sleepy illumination of the sea plover, the flooring approaches the color of the salt marsh, the same food soil, so that you can better see the shadow of the bird calmly standing, lower the bird itself.

In the Soviet Socialist Republic, the sea plover of the widening of the coast of the Black and Caspian Seas, on the skhіd across the whole of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, the bіla of the pіvdenny cordons in our land was far away. On a daily basis they inhabit Asia (without Hindustan), more than Australia and Tasmania. Near European wines, to settle in a wide swarm of smoky shores of the sea. Inhabits all of Africa and Madagascar, nests here near Pivnichny America, on the Great Antilles and, near Chile. His favorite place of nesting is solid salt marshes with saltworts on the shores of lakes, nearer dry clay expanses, farther from the water for a kilometer and more. Nest in wet saline areas, as well as in pebble and pebble fields. The clutch has 4 eggs, sometimes 2.

Krishtal, or a bad іrzhanka(Ch. morinellus), about the size of a thrush, with ruddy and white swirls across the chest and with a black belly. Two wide white mustards are angry behind their heads, making "zhitsu". The top of the head is black. Dovzhina krill krishtal 13-16 cm.

This bird is the dominant arctic and mountain tundra of Europe and Asia. In the mountains of nests, the place of residence is crunchy, lying higher than a fox (in Altai, for example, from 2000 m and higher). There, birds nest on equal maidanchiks, studded with stone slabs or rubble, with wretched alpine growth. In the tundra and birds, dry stony places are drenched. Normally, the number of eggs in this species is 3, sometimes it is 2, and even rarely 4. The male, which at times is not safe, energetically enters the nest. Ring the veins more closely letting the posterigach to the nest, and as if working carefully, you can wind it up to the new trunk of the towel, and sometimes wind it with your hand. Then the birds grow out of the nest and open it, strongly bowing at their own and fluffing their tail wide. Often she stands sideways to the posterigach, even close to the new one and “nervously” raises one wing. In a word, it’s bad for a bird to make a nest for itself, for which, maybe, yoga is called a bad granary.

Birds hibernate in Pivdenno-zahіdnіy Asia and Skhidnіy Afritsі, dormuyuchis there napіvstelnyh plains with not rich grassy growth, far from the seashores. On the stretches, the rivers swell in the steppe, often on the barren clay plots, there is little growth, or, like a lot of plovers, they grow over the cultivated fields, sometimes and bows. On the stretches in the area of the lower flow of the Don, it is known that the Crishtanis are eating the larvae of the black meadow, the kuzka beetle, and the caterpillar of the Moldavian blizzard.

Greater-billed plover(Ch. leschenaultii) Cicavius Tim, which inhabits empty spaces. They nest on clayey and solonets, overgrown with polynomials and saltwort maidanchiks, in desert plains, covered with rubble, with even miserable tallness, often in places, where in the distant country you can not see the rainy grass grass. Wash, where this bird nests, the carpets are suvori, that in the rubble desert, for example, the hellish zuyok is often the only representative of the bird fauna.

The nesting area of the large plover bula was recently discovered. Vin has been known for a long time as a number of birds on the long and wintering on the great square in the coastal smuga of Pivdenny Asia to Australia and along the similar coasts of Africa and Madagascar. The area of nesting of this bird imovirno began as if it had been planted in Hidden Siberia, and the deacons of naturalism thought that the hellish bird nested in Japan. As soon as it was late, the big zuyok nested and often in large places near the Cross of Transcaucasia in Central Asia, on the pivnich approximately to the Sirdar and farther to the exit near Mongolia. Cіkavo, scho are purely empty, zowsіm not povyazanі z water in the nesting hour, the birds after the plumage move to the shores of the rivers, lakes and the sea, and then the whole hour they swim by the water. In the nesting area, the influx is guarded and the number of birds that do not nest is significant. The deyakі from them are trimmed by birds in the same situation, like the birds that nest, else spend an hour on the shores of the lakes and are ready to splash.

In the last clade, the Great Plover has 3 eggs, rarely 4. The lower side was with ore swarthy across the goiter. The dorsal side of the bird is grayish-brown with a grayish tinge, ruddy zashchiok. Dzioba dovsha and tovshcha, lower in other zuikivs. Krill length 13-15 cm.

Caspian sound(Ch. asiaticus) also a desert bird, only widenings of the veins on the front view. The region is wide and stretched by solonchak plains from the Stavropol steppes to Zaisan, on a pivnich to Turgay, on a pivden to Afghanistan. In addition, vines nest near Mongolia. Winterings of the Caspian plover rose near Pivdenno-Skhidniy Africa, on the islands of Indonesia and often in Australia. Like in the frontal view, the Caspian plover has 3 eggs in the last deposit.

At a glance, the Caspian plover is similar to pain-beaked, the scarlet dzhob is weaker in the new one, the legs are lowered, and the feathered plumage is brighter, lower in the pain-beaked plover, the goiter in the new rudiment, the otters behind are not wide black smog. Dovzhina krill 13.5-16 cm, vaga 80-90 g.

Sprat stands alone at the mother's yard crooked zuyok, or just a crooked nose(Anarchynchus frontalis). Rosemaries and zabarvlennyam vіn guessing small plover: the dorsal side of the body at the new sir, the front part of the head was white, the lower side was from a black transverse smog on the crop. The dzyuba of the crook-nosed bird is dowsha, lower in all other plovers, and is bent to the right.

Kryvonis nests on the shores of Pivdenny Island of New Zealand, stars migrate to Pivnichny Island for the winter. On the vіdmіnu vіd reshti zhita ring out 2 eggs.

Close to the plovers, the group is folded chibisi(Pidrodina Vanellinae). The chains of the birds are vidkritich, importantly, the vologous misunderstanding. Their wings are wide, dull. Some species have a spur on the krill. Dziob nagaduє dziob plovers - short and straight. Often the foundations of the dzioba є raznі, often brightly zabarvlenі m'yasistі shovel. Feet chotiripali. The largest chibis (11 species) are found in Africa on the first day of the Sahara.

At lapis, or pigalits(Vanellus vanellus), head, neck and goiter black with a blue-green gleam, breasts, cuticles and sides of the head were white. The dorsal side of the lapwing is olive green with purple highlights. On the ceiling there is a crest with a bunch of narrow fir's. The legs were chotiripali, the trochs were deep, the lower part of the life. Dzioba doshit is short, straight. Wing is wide and blunt, in males the inner first-row flywheels are lowered. Under the hour of the strum water, the stench vibrates, seeing its own noise, similar to rustling and jigging. The female winds up in the presence of the male, which is not uncommon on the pediment and throat of the house of the white feast, the wing of her troch is wider and duller, lower in the male.

Snipov region Zvitch Chibіs Oh Hupply all єvropu, krіm ї ї ї ї ї івні и и и ї ї ї ї ї и и ї и и ида ида и девос и и и и дований повенись подянский подмизая Північ від потущи привіва'їв Ливденії і і і ІБризина, Півдні - to Sirdar'ї that Іlіyskaya.

Chibisi zdebіlshoy do not stay with us for the winter, but they don't get far. The stench winters already in England, near the lower parts of France, on the Pyrenean Pivostrov, near Pivnichno-Zakhidniy Africa, here near Pivdenno-Zakhidniy, and then near Pivdenno-Skhidny Asia. In the SRSR, they winter near the Northern Transcaucasus and in parts near Central Asia.

In our country, lapwings come to milk early, often if their nests are still in the snow. In Ukraine and Moldova, stinks fly near the birch, near Smolensk they appear on the first half of the month, in the first half of the month they appear near the Leningrad region. When the birds arrive, they grow up white of snow kaluzhs, on wet fields that start to grow up in autumn, and in the outskirts it hurts thinly. bud. a lot of bows; daedals often start nesting in the fields.

Chibisi can settle as a pair, and great colonies. When the time comes, and for another hour, the chibis will be afraid of love games, which are formed in their own strum field, which is accompanied by cries of “chii-vi” and their own jizhchanny krill. Some chibis run on the ground. The male, at the same time, spreads the krill, spreads the tail and zdijsnyuє їm rhythmic movement uphill and down. Then we cling to the ground with our breasts and, continuing to lift and lower the tail, energetically practise with our paws, it is not great to finish a neat hole in this place. One of these holes far away becomes a nest;

The terms of reproduction in chibis are already stretched out, so that the first layings often perish in the field, wintering, in the fields after growing them, or they are grown by boys. In the meantime, lapwings most often start nesting, if the sex work is already completed.

The clade has 4 eggs, significantly more like 3, more like 5. Stinks of pear-like form, brown-and-dog color with black-brown patches. Rosemary eggs zagal 45 x 32.7 mm (Table 2). Nasidzhuyut eggs obidva birds, but the female dowsha. For the least care, the birds that are nasidzhu, shvidko and quietly zbіgaє from the nest, but do not lead, but, vіdbіgshi, zlіtaє and with a loud cry, rush over the destroyer calmly. Nasidzhuvannya lasts 24-29 days, the bad weather is better, the weather is good. The fathers brought the birds to the greater protection of the fodder. At the age of 33 days, young birds begin to fly, after which the lapwings group step by step at the edge. Weed lapwings to finish early. In rich places, the stench is unfathomable until the end of sickle, in others - in the first half of spring.

Chibisi - lively, fluffy, noisy birds. The stench rushes swiftly and calmly in the middle of the grass, often on uneven, dappled ground, for an hour raptously chirps (like, tse, vtim, domineeringly and plovers), look around, and then run far away, sometimes stumbling at the same coma, scho turned back. At the time of anxiety, the birds are aglow and easily see their presence, peevish, dreary, often repeating the cry “chii-wee ... chi-wee ...”.

The watering of the chibis is quite characteristic, especially at the hour of the day. Noisily waving their wings, the birds rise steeply uphill, then descend down, fly, go from side to side, describing at the same time a deeply waving line, throwing themselves in the wind, ganyayutsya one by one.

Chibisi eat chibis and larvae, and molluscs, wood bugs and centipedes. Often stench eat beetles - luguniv, dovgonosikiv, listogriziv, in faceless ones they eat caterpillars of blizzards, for example, poyadits, as well as larvae of two-winged and luzhkіv (drotіvnikіv). When you are lucky, catch cabbages and cabbages.

Like mustache waders, chibis molt on the river. The stink of the sickle stench begins again, the post-nesting molt, as it ends at the leaf fall. Nepovna, front line, if the feathers often change, they become fierce with herbs.

In the dry steppes and in the taste of our land there are falcon, otherwise, as її else they call others, stepova pigalitsa(Chettusia gregaria). The sight of the lapwing looks like a high landing on the legs, the crest and the metal eye in the feathers. Vaughn's back is brown-syr, neck and goiter are wild-sir, breasts are black, ruddy leek. The female has a head and breasts of a storm. Previously, it was widely spread in the steppe parts of Ukraine and in Kazakhstan, now it will nest on a small area near Kuibishev and Kamishina on the slope to Semipalatinsk and Barnaul, most importantly on dry polynomial and kovil steppes. Winters are at Pivnichno-Skhidniy Africa (on a day to Lake Victoria), on the pivnі of Pakistan and the pivnіchny entry of India.

Gyrfalcons settle in pairs (once up to 20-30) and, obviously, sometimes change nesting areas no larger than their range. The nest has 4 nests, more like 5 eggs. Nasijuє, maybe, less than a female.

What can be found in Central Asia on the slopes of the Caspian and Aral Seas and in Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia white-tailed pigalitsa Ch. leucura She has a clay-gray back with purple vitreous, brown-gray goiter, slate-gray breasts, pure white tail. The forehead of the bird, the throat and sides of the head were white, the cherevtse brown-gray. The wings are wide and the trochs are rounded, with a wide white swirl. Dziob is thin, stringy, trochic, lower in others pigalits. Krill length 16-18 cm.

White-tailed pigalits nest in wide river valleys with a network of canals and lakes, on or near the rivers and lakes. Do not unique and well-sprayed fields. Most of the birds are wandering in the milky waters, sometimes in the rice fields flooded with water, they can catch the stink on the surface of the water, or take it from the bottom in the arches of the dry places. I see the stinks often standing by the water, sometimes burrowing down at her on the lace.

The nest of white-tailed pigalits is nestled in a dry place, absolutely open and may sound 3 or 4 eggs.

For the winter, white-tailed pigalits migrate near Pivnichno-Skhidna Africa, and less than a dozen birds are abandoned on the midst of Asia.

At Indian embellished chibisu(Lobivanellus indicus) the top of the head, throat, neck, goiter and anterior part of the breasts are black, the lower side of the body and the sides are wide and white, the back side is olive green. dzhob chervony with a black top. Above the eye is a red meaty shovel. The krill is wider, but dosit gostre. On the fold of the wing, the gostra is torn, the spur is bent over the troch. Krill length 20-24 cm.

Lapwing expansions throughout Pivdenny Asia, including Ceylon. The Radyansk Union has wines near Turkmenistan, near the Tedzhen valley and Murgab. Skrіz vіn live osіlo and less z between Turkmenistan vіdlіtaє for the winter for pіvden. Nest in the open spaces of the rivers and other water bodies, choose swampy places, and nest in the dry places. The clutch has 4 eggs.

A special group of middle plovers is made up of stilts and avocets, which sound like they are seen in the nest stilts(Himantopinae). Representatives of the tsієї pіdrodini - to finish the big waders with long, long legs and a long leg, straight or bent down the burn. Feather string, from black and white tones. It is more important to settle stench on the shores of salty, salty, and navit fresh internal water bodies. Nest colonially.

At the stilt(Himantopus himantopus) krill, back, and sometimes the coat is dark black and bluish-green in color. Reshta plumage was. Crila dovgі, guests and vuzki. The tail is short, straight-eyed. Dziob is straight, long, thin and hostry. The legs of a red color, arched by dovgi, tripali, between the bases of the middle and outer fingers, are small, and well commemorated. The female troch is more darkly barred, the male is lower. The length of the krill is 20-25 cm, moreover, the females have three trochs for the males.

The area of expansion of the stilt is large. Vaughn embraces Pivdenna Asia, the Sunda Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, a significant part of Pivdenny America, Central America and the pivdenny part of Pivnichnaya. In Europe, this species nests in the Pyrenean Pivostrov, near the Netherlands, in the Balkan Pivostrov, in the Soviet Socialist Republic, near the sea, near the coast of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, near the Transcaucasus, near Kazakhstan and Central Asia. However, the stilted walker does not take much work. Most of the widenings are sporadically, in patches. Stilts, which inhabit the Radyansk Union, often winter on the shores of the Caspian Sea, and often wander beyond our borders.

Shukati stilt in the area of yogo wideness is required as a head rank in fresh, salty and brackish lakes with watery shores. In such places, the stilt settles in colonies, growing most importantly in dry places, on scythes and miles, and sometimes in milky waters on bushes, or on a bunch of stems, so that the nest appears with sharpened water. As if the rhubarb water is being lifted, the nest is being laid down - birds are laying down the material from below.

Povna masonry is made up of four or three eggs. The stench is of a brown-ocher color, typical of all wader forms, i.e., one kintsa is strongly tanned. Dovzhina egg 41-47 mm, width 29-31 mm. Older birds protect the nest very jealously, people fly far away, following it with nasty cries, which the dog's barking is guessing at. As soon as a person came close to the nest, the stilt began to lead. Vіn kulgaє, caressing with winged wings or falling raptly, nіbi in the new leg trembled, then scrounging, vіdbіgaє on the sprat of rocks and again fall to the ground.

Nasidzhuyut eggs insulting members of the nest bet, and often change one of the same. After 25-26 days, the chicks are born. Buvay tse ring out on the cob - the middle of the heart. For example, worms can be stalked even as flying young birds. The stilt-chicks swim willingly and kindly, even as the birds have grown up, they go to the swimming pool less at the vineyards.

The stilts rejoice over the most important lumps of those larvae, which they scavenge like a bun, like a pair of tweezers, from the surface water or from shallow її balls. Buvaє, scho, with which birds, I dip my head near the water. At the water, the stilts crunch slowly, lifting the legs of the skin croc high. It is also possible to find out the species of bird birds from many and many times to pick її on dry land.

On the cob - in the middle of spring, stilt stilts are already in the winter.

Even a small area of expansion may Australian stilt(Cladorhynchus leucocephalus), which rarely nest in the western parts of Australia. This sandpiper looks like a stilted stilt, but its legs are short, and the smut, between the fingers, is good enough to open the swimming line, the bottom of which looks like an avocet. Obviously, the Australian stilt swims badly. The legs of the new one, like right stilts, tripalis.

The plumage of the Australian stilt is in the main white, and a large brown-chestnut plume stretches across the goiter and in the middle of the chest. Crila black, stench trohi short and less hot, lower at the great stilt.

The Australian stilt nests in great colonies on the shores of salt lakes.

Avocet(Before ecurvirostra av ocetta) is immediately recognized for the form of the joba. Vіn dovgy, thin, flat and flexible, bending arched uphill. Kіnets yogo hostry. The legs of the avocet are short, the lower legs of the stilt, chotiripali. The front fingers are tied with a swimming lace, yak, schopravda, deeply virizan, ale cladding її reach the ends of the fingers. The top of the head and the nape of the avocet are black, the black wings are with great white flames, the plumage is white. Dziob is black, legs are bluish. Krill length 21-23 cm.

Avocet is widened more sporadically along the flat shores of salty steppe lakes along the Danube to Pivdenno-Skhidny Transbaikalia and along the shores of the Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral seas. The posture of the SRSR is one of the birds that nest besides the pristine shores of the Baltic Sea, near the edges of the Mediterranean, near Western Asia, near Mongolia, near Pivnichno-Western China, somewhere in Africa, in Australia and in Tasmania.

In our country, Avocets winter in the Caspian Sea near the capitol named after Kirov. The greater part of them extends to Africa and Pivdenny Asia.

In the middle regions of the SRSR, avocets fly like birch trees, and most often near the climate. On nesting stinks spread along the flat mulish shores of brackish waters, on food and tortoise spit, on salt licks, dry mud and along the shores of shallow mulish sea inlets.

Avocets feed on crustaceans, larvae of aquatic coma, mollusks, and mollusks in aquatic thickets. Picking up food, the stench is full of blokayut milky water, not vyymayuchi (at the sight of stilt walkers) no water with skin croci, but harrowing water with them. In the deepest places, avocets take food by swimming. At the whispers of hedgehogs, the avocets walk with their heads down and zanurivshi kіchik dzoba near the water, the stink of driving from side to side. Few people see the line of stilt birds.

High in the mountains of Middle and Central Asia there is a sandpiper sicklebeak(Ibidorhyncha struthersi). Vіn to enter into a special fіrodina sickle beaks(Ibidorhynchinae), which has only one variety of names in its warehouse.

Crescent beak - to finish the great oystercatcher with a long, thin arcuately bent down leg of a bright-red color. The legs of the new dog, ale are short, the lower ones are of stilts, tripali. The anterior part of the head is dark, brown-brown, the dorsal side is brown-gray. The goiter is black-syria, the cherevts is white. On the border of the goiter and breasts there was a thin white and a wide black of smuga. The rudders are brown-grey with narrow dark transverse males. Krill length 22-25 cm.

Crescent beak nests in the highlands of Tien Shan and Pamir-Alay, in Kashmir, in all systems of the Himalayas, in Northern Tibet and down to the provinces of Shanxi and Hebei in China. In the autumn, the wines rise vertically, descending trochs below the nests of the nests.

Nicestіsh Serpeoklov Zutsuchuyu on Gnisduvannya on the wisdoms of VID 2000 to 3000-3500 m. Tibetі Vіn pіdnіm і to 4000 m. With a cloister of the Viotlius, the Mіszia in the valleys of the Rіkki, de Human Rіchko Rіzko zemshuzu і bottom of the valley, shoe warehouse equal. Rik іz wide, strongly opistanim valleys sickle beak is unique. On wintering will, they trim in the same minds, like an inlet, a little lower, sometimes at a height of only 500 m.

Crescent beak nests in pairs; For a nest, the birds fold a small hole with their feet. Sporudzhuyutsya and dodatkovі "hibnі nіzda" kudi ptah sіdaє pіd hlyubnyh іgor. Naturalists, as if they were afraid of the sickle-beak's play, it seems that the male at the same time rob before the female, "bow down", squat on his paws and steal with his tail, and then sing on his wide wings and shout loudly.

Upper clade has 4, lower 3 eggs. Knowing the nest of the sicklebeak is very important. Wildly-sira the back of the yogo is angry from the burning ashes of the pebbles, the birds do not scream for the nest, and the little darts are 300 meters away and will not soon turn to the new one. For example, on the day of the nests, more unnurtured masonry is found, at the 10th of the grass, the flocks begin to hatch.

Crescent beak is a calm, non-futile bird. Often you stand on a miline with your head drawn in, so that you outline your head roundly, your back and bend your back, angry with the outlines of the stone, slacking your mind is incomprehensible. Zayshov at the stern is as deep as the water, with a sickle-beak guessing a stone, what to wash the water. Polit yoga is light, thinning. Zlіtayuchi, birds see a melodic flute sound on the kshtalt "ti-li, ti-li". Float sickle beak good.

Oystercatchers, or Curves(pirodina Haematopinae), - coastal birds with strong trippy legs and a straight strong leg. Zabarvlennya їх ripples: black z white or bigger-less one-bar black. At the borders, only 4 subgroups unite into one genus of Haematopus species. Most extensions of them splendid kuliksoka(N. ostralegus). This bird is zavbіlshki mayzhe s blue, can dovgu straight (on the other hand the ice is commemoratively bent uphill) dzhob, dosit high, squeezing from the sides and blunt at the top. In birds that nest on birds, the leg of the troch is short, lower in birds. In mature birds, the head, neck to the front part of the breasts, the front part of the back, part of the wing and the end of the tail are black. Reshta plumage is white. There was a little tsyatka under the eye. Pivnіchnі ptakhy mаyut less white color on krіlі, nіzh pіvdennі. Deyakі geographic variations of this kulik may be black or may be black plumage. Dovzhina kril ptakhіv іz Radyansk Soyuz 23.5 - 26.5 cm, vaga approximately 500 g.

At the Radyansk Union there are oystercatchers-forty widening at the pools of the river of Skhidnaya Europe, and only a few leaks on pivden, and at the pools of the river of Western Siberia and Central Asia. In addition, the rulers of the shores of the Barents and the White Seas.

Nest on the Far Skhodі and on Kamchatka. The posture of the SRSR vines nest along the sea shores of Pivnichnoy and Western Europe, Pivnichnoy and Pivdennoy America, on the African peninsula, near New Guinea, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. In our country, in the latitudes of the peninsula, there are migratory birds. Wintering wines on the birds of Africa and on the birds of Asia.

Flying from the winter, these birds appear in the Caucasus already on the 20th of the birch, near the Moscow region near the quarter, on the banks of the White Sea, near Kandalakshsky zatotsі, on the cob of grass. The birds that have arrived break up into small groups, and the males proceed to the struma. The stench seems to fly as if strained, pulling their neck forward and lowering their hips down, with a loud cry of “kevik ... kevik ... kevik ... kіkkіvіkkvіkkvіrrr ...". The watering is carried in a straight line ahead and back. It is not uncommon for such a good to take the fate of one sprat of birds, sometimes up to a dozen. Step by step, the couples are getting settled and occupying their nests. The white shores of the Barents Sea fell apart, and the mountains are guarded by the red ones.

Before the nesting of the bird, proceed, having reached the trieric age. Pebbles, birds, tortoises and rocky seashores in the inlets and bays are selected for domination of the nests, where there is a wide swamp of the littoral, so that it becomes bare every hour. In the middle of the mainland, oystercatchers inhabit the banks of rivers and lakes. In the central regions of the European part of the SRSR, the nesting of the Oystercatcher-Magpie is indicated in the fields, and to do so far from the water. The skin pair may have a small nesting plot that is protected by it, but at the same time dozens of them, and in the minds of the hundreds of pairs nest in the nearest land.

The nest is placed in a hollow and simple shallow hole. The last deposit has 3, sometimes 4 or 2 eggs. The eggs are large, their length is 51-63 mm, width is 37.5-43 mm. Pale-ocher colors with dark-brown and grayish-brown patches and little pictures. Nasidzhuyut both batkiv, often changing one another. Trivality of incubation 26-28 days. Down jackets leave the nest on the day they are seen, but they don’t go far from the back and are often warmed by the fathers.

Cicavo, that the oystercatchers-magpies have grown up not only to lead their fowls, but also to breed them, to bring them food at the house, and sometimes to milk a significant amount. With whom, the fathers may have great misfortunes. In quiet weathers, if the stinks of madness bring food from afar, the stinks sometimes appear not in good spirits to infuriate the birds and bring the guinea out of the house. Poultry chicks cannot get their own food. Batki rozshukuyut їzhu vіdrazu hour, zovsі order, and chicks are placed to the th baiduzhe. A grown-up bird brings the birds to the coma, trimming yoga in the dziob, and in the same hoard of yogo on the sand and standing unruly, lowering the dzob and yak bi pointing at the vidobutok, until the bird її not hoard.

Schovechora, while the fathers roam the birds, and it’s close to 3 days, I’ll turn to the nesting plot, as if continuing to be protected by grown-up birds. The attachment of oystercatchers to the nesting territory chosen by them is confirmed by the cycles: birds from rock to river turn hinged on the same place and often bark with an old nest.

Ozha kulikiv-forty is different. As a rule, stench to catch vidobotok, which is seen to be thriving, on land and in milk water, you can catch creatures that have dug into the soft ground. The main objects of life of the oystercatcher are polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans, coma and their larvae (double, beetles, caterpillars of the oystercatcher and other) - In the Orenburz region, the oystercatcher often runs cities masses reduce darts. Oystercatchers sting likewise for big fish. The shells of crustacean oystercatchers are smashed with blows of a dzoba. Small shells are often carried by the bird near the rock, tucked into the crack and then open up. Removing the coma of the stone, the oystercatcher or the oystercatcher swings its stars, pushing down the jaw, or turning the stonestone over, like a stone bag.

Already a large group of kuliks unite under a common name uliti(Pidrodina Tringinae). For the average size of the waders, finish with a long straight or slightly curved cut. Infuse everything with perceptible calmness, dosit noisy birds, especially at the favorite hour, may sound a lot from them, sneer with your tail and “bow”. In the group, the sprat is sloping, the central їх is the genus of the snail (Tringa).

In the forest zone of the Palaearctic, there is an even greater black(T. ochropus). At the cost of a small rozmіru ulіt, about the size of a shpak, with perceptibly short (for ulitіv) legs and with a straight line, to finish with a long dzhob. The back of the new brown-black with greenish and dribbling white rims on the fir. Throat, cherevtse that pіdhvostya bіli. There are dark lines on the goiter and breasts. The uppertail is white, the rudders tezh are white, aloe with wide dark transverse smugs, like the most beautiful marks on the middle pair of the helmsman fir. Dovzhina krill 13-15 cm, vaga 70-80 g.

The area of residence is black forested zone from Norway, Denmark and Austria to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Tatar channel. On the pіvnіch the black is wider approximately up to the polar stake, on the pivnіch - up to the forest-steppe inclusive. The area of yogo zimіvel chastkovo vzhe England and the edge of the Mediterranean Sea, the main zimіvel - the great territory of Africa (especially, including її desert parts), Pivdenna Asia to Ceylon and the Philippine Islands.

In the winter, blacks fly near the birch-tree, near Western Siberia, for example, near Tyumennya or on the river Obve, the stench is on the cob of grass. For nesting blacks, choose knots of foxes, galyavins, cuttings near the water, wanting to have long-lasting kalyuzhs. Chernish can sound powerful in other people's nests, before that, not the earth. Vіn lay eggs at the nest of thrushes, more pigeons, crows, soїk and other birds. Zvichayno, vіn vіddaє vіddaє vіddaє we’ll throw the nests, but sometimes they will love and take, de vzhe є the eggs of the right ruler. Lay eggs and nests in white. It is much more appropriate to nest black on the ground in an arc of a filthy wedged nest.

At the last hoard of the blueberry, there are 4 eggs of fawn, pale-olive abo brown color with flames. Nasidzhuyut їх insults members of the bet for 20-22 days. The chicks sit for about 2 days in the nest, after which they grow up. If the birds begin to fly, the stench is overwhelmed by the foxes and they migrate to come to the open air - near the wide rivers and lake valleys and on the sir bows.

In the Leningrad region, the transfer of blackberries on the afternoon is noted, and on the cob of sickle, in Bashkiria, the stink is found in the first half of the spring, near the Orenburg region - in the other half of the month.

Chernish, sound out your presence with a thick melodic cry, similar to “thlyu-tlyuї”. Most often the voice is given at the moment of anger. In black foxes, it is often possible to indulge in kalyuzh. With the evil of the wines, it is easy to recognize the zest to the sharp contrast between the white coat and the black color of the back and krill.

Povna molting starts at the nesting places and ends up on the nomads and the stretches, in the wintering in the mansions. Spring chastkovy linyannia, which hoots dry plumage, in winter, and at the first stages, the path to the nesting place.

fifi(T. glareola) zagale similar to blackberry. The back of the new brown-sir is with a great streak of black-brown and bluish barvy, the sides are the same for dark lines. In the sight of a blackberry, it is good to breathe like a trio of light and streaking birds from a dekilkom with dark smugs on the tail. There is no domineering black-haired contrast between black and white in fifi. Dovzhina kril fifi 11.5 - 13 cm, vaga 60-65 g.

Fіfі - a larger pіvnіchny bird, lower black. Vіn wide widenings in the tundra parts, de є rich chagarniki, in the forest tundra and the forest zone on the prudendum up to 53-54 ° pіvnіchnoї latitude. There is nothing in Sakhalin and in the Primorsky Territory. Fifi hibernate in Africa on a day in the Sahara, near Pivdenniy Asia and farther to Australia inclusive. Nestatevzrіlі and do not start this fate before the nesting of birds, spend all summer in nomads, often staying on the wintering places. Many of them are active in the nesting area, but they are trimmed at a higher rate, sometimes significantly better than their nesting area.

Fifi - the paska is alive, sco prytily running on wet moss or grass. With the help of wines, there is a constant shaking of the bellows: shaking, like a white wagtail, with the back part of the body. Especially tse buvaє, if the sandpiper shoyno sіv on the ground. If it’s a privilege, that other fifi easily sees its presence with beloved songs, which are accompanied by rich melodic viguks. Under the hour of the strum in the midst of the "spiv" fifi can be felt without interruption. After that, like the birds sit on the eggs, the stench becomes less memorable, and soon the birds will appear - and the cry of the grown-up birds will sound a little stronger again. The stench rages on the bushes of small trees and screams incessantly and anxiously.

The fifi's nest will always be on the ground, there are 4 eggs in the new one. Both the male and the female hatch, but the female is much larger. Trivality of incubation 22-23 days.

Great Ulit(T. nebularia) is the largest of the Palearctic snails. Here, the syria birds sang with the great late dark barves at the feast. The lower side of the bird was with great mottled barves on the goiter and flanks and fuzzy barves on the throat.

The back part of the back and the upper tail are white. Dzioba dovga, the apical part of the yogo trocha is bent over. Legs are green. Dovzhina krill 18-19.5 cm, vaga 150-200 g.

The great snail nests in the beer part of Scandinavia and the Leningrad region to the upper parts of Anadir and Kamchatka, as well as in the beer of England. Winter wines on the mainland of Europe, in Africa, Pivdenniy Asia and far on the pivdniy to Australia inclusive. Okremі specimens of this species can be planted for the day in the nesting area in the steppe parts of our region and in the wilderness (for example, according to Amudar'ї). In a small number of individuals that do not nest, they also breed in Africa and India, on the wintering grounds.

The great ulit is a protective bird, often chirping one by one or in small groups. Sit on the tree, take it to the nest. Yogo's voice is a thicker melodic “huff-hush”, sometimes “cru-cru-cru”.

The great snail is born with the head rank of water coma and yoga larvae - water bugs, beetles, larvae of two-winged, butterflies. The only one of our waders (Krim oystercatcher), a kind to catch fish. Yearning on the water, the great stalwart robs other swedes, vibrating with their paws on the ground, churning the water and then catching the spineless who climbed up the hill.

Herbalist, or chervononіzhka(T. totanus), wide extensions of Mayzha throughout Europe, the Crimea of the Balkan Pivostrov, and in Asia to the Tatar channel. Nest on the European vineyards to Leningrad, on the Asiatic vineyards to the Himalayan pine forests. Winters in Africa, Pvdenniy Asia, partly in England and Italy. It is worth to finish the great streak with a bright light-brown color, with a white back part of the back and with a white swarthy color on the wings, which is good to see the bird's flight at the hour. A thin straight leg is dark, whitening the base of the red, the legs are orange-red. A noisy bird that nests in grassy swamps and wet bows. In Virmenia, there may be sounding at altitude, which exceeds 3000 m-code, and in the Pamirs it sounds at height 4000 m-code.

Dandy(T. erythropus) - a great sandpiper, with a black color in the hat, it sounds darker, without a white color on the wings, but with a white back part of the back. On the dorsal side of the bird there are white barvista. The winter selection of chepurunok has a dark brown color. Legs are red, young birds are orange-yellow. Dziob ice pomitno bending to the bottom.

Nesting area chepuru, mabut, okhoplyuє pіvnіch fіsovoії zone and lisotundra from Finland to Anadir, but still not enough. Chepurunok winters in Africa and Pivdenny Asia.

Pereviznik(Actitis hypoleucos) - one of the simplest and constantly growing in the middle waters of the SRSR waders, about the size of a lark. The legs are in the new short, lower at the other studs, the hip is also short, the troch is behind the head. Sunny tone of plumage is dark sandy-stormy with a weak bronze-green color and matte-black late patches on the fir's back. In addition, on the back and upper winged wings there are fluffy cross-blackened males or little frills. The heart is white, the white is well seen on the wings. Hvist dovy, lower at іnshih ulіtіv, і roundings. Dovzhina krill 9.5-12 cm, vaga 40-70 g.

The range of the carrier covers the entire Palearctic, Crimea and the extreme parts of the peninsula, Pivnichnoy Africa and Arabia. Tse nevibaglivy bird, which settles along the banks of strong water bodies, is more important than flowing water, and salt lakes, apparently, are unique. Climbing high in the mountains, nesting white boisterous taiga rivers and just blowing hot streams that flow swiftly among the stone and pebbles. In the Pamirs, the vines grow up to a height of 4000 m. At the lowlands for a new buvae, sometimes quite sufficient, even a small water reservoir, on a birch tree, there are dry beams and a pair of pebbles and a mule. Vіdkrita mіstsevіst аbо lіsova for the carrier, mabut, baiduzh. On winters, wide expansions in Africa, in Pivdenniy Asia and far on a pivden on the islands to Pivdenny Australia.

In the wake of the prilotu (and when it is in the other half of the day - the first half of the day), the carriers are energetically talking: they are flying, trembling with wings, and the whole hour they see the lower whistle. Eggs of stench lay at the pits on the ground, like robbing the male, pressing on the ground with their breasts and the roblyachi turn in one and the next beat. The last hoard has 4 eggs, and they hatch both fathers. The carrier's nests often suffer from spring floods, but if a guinea is laying, then a new nest will be found not far from the old one and in 8 days, the new one will lay eggs. Trivality of incubation 21-22 days.

The transporter is suitable for a large amount of water and often roam around milk water. Prote is not uniquely suited to dry land. Vіn maє sing at times of anxiety to cross from one bank of the river to the other, often sweat back (stars and name). With good luck, the carrier swims well and feasts. Yogo's voice is a melodic whistle, dosit lower, ale less sonorous, lower at black.

The rest of the street, about which we say here, - Morodunk(Terekia cinerea). This is not a big paska, which is kindly seen in other streets with a single-mantled grayish-brown color of feathers (ale cherevo bile) with kindly commemorated (by binoculars) two dark smugs over the wings. The legs of the morodunka are not narrower than the long, yellowish- erysipelas color, the three front toes were covered with well-marked swimming bands. The dziob is thin, slightly bent, burn out. Dovzhina krill 12-13.5 cm, vaga 50-75 g.

Morodunka nests along the banks of freshwater inland waters, the head rank of rivers, near the forest, forest-tundra and forest-steppe zones of Eurasia. Most of its range is transferred from Siberia. Mabut, it gradually spreads to the west: it appeared not long ago at Finland and the Daedals often flooded to Western Europe to France and England inclusive. It winters at the coastal mud of Northern Africa, at the sunset of Madagascar, at Pivdenniy Asia, and a day away from some coastal cities of Australia.

Nests of the morodunka of the sovereign land. Like all snails, the last hoard has 4 eggs, sometimes more or less. The first masonry of the morodunok often perishes at noon, and then other masonry is also built.

phalaropes(pirodina Phalaropipae) establish a small group of small waders, closely related to eating with water and richly floating. The fingers of the phalaropes make shovel-like clasps, while the little ones make clasps on the fox's fingers. There are only 3 species in pidrodyne that unite in one row of phalaropes (Phalaropus). These birds are birds, their females are much larger than males and are more fertile. Males incubate eggs.

Round-nosed phalarope(Ph. lobatus) breezes well in the sight of the other phalarope of our region with a thin and hospitable jaw, open the nostrils at the base of the mandible, beating the plumage of the chola. The dorsal side of the body in the main slate-black with a kindly commemorative blotch and with sparse males along the edges of the back of the shoulders. The head is dark-gray, from the sides of the shiї є along the іrzhevo-rudіy plamy. This color can be carried out on the lower side. The lower side of the body was white. The male looks like a female with a pale color on the upper side of the body, the red color on the neck is weaker in the new version. The charge of insults is to wash the upper side of the body with bluish oblyamіvki. Females are bigger than males. The length of the krill in females is 9.5-13 cm, in males 10-11 cm.

The broadness of the round-nosed phalarope is circular. The whole tundra smuga of Eurasia, Iceland, the tundra of Alaska and the region of the tundra beer of Canada. Round-nosed phalaropes hibernate in the winter: rank on the sea - on the coast of Arabia and Pakistan, on the coast of New Guinea and on the Azores. Obviously, the stench also hibernates on the coast of Peru. Sometimes they trap and trap on dry land.

On the nesting seasons, phalaropes appear like grass, and most often in the first decade of wormwood. The first springs are females, and when the stench comes, they occupy their nests on the swampy shores of small lakes near the tundra. After the arrival of the males, the lovebirds start playing, which they play on the water. Males have the most active role in these games.

The nest is dominated by a male and a female nearby, leading a bunch of grass (sedges and others) on the bush; it will do good, it is fastened to growth like grassy growth. At the top of the hoard, ring 4 eggs, sometimes 3. The stench is lying, like at all kulikiv, with hospitable tips in the middle and a troch down. The color is olive or brown-ocher with patches of black-brown color or sepia color. Dovzhina egg 27-33 mm, width 18.5-22.5 mm. If the entire clutch is laid, the males proceed to nasidzhuvannya, the females at the same time trim near the nests alone or with small birds. Buvay, that in the middle of the day, the male and the female swim at the same time at the stern. In the meantime, indefinitely, the females begin wandering, wanting to be okremi, the individuals still spend a long time on the nesting missions.

On the 19th-21st day the chicks hatch and immediately go to the water with the male, decompose on the shore. Down jackets can swim in the first days of life. In the Malozemelsky tundra, the first downy feathers appear like wormwood, and on 20-22 lindens, most birds from afar already do not grow up.

The autumn passage of round-nosed phalaropes tries to milk long. The female hangs on the back from the nesting area, in the first decade of the lime tree they can be bachiti, for example, at the Naurzum Reserve. Males, as if for some reason did not start nesting, can but grow significantly more than their nesting nesting territory near the linden. Males that have nested, grow up, naturally, later. And in the sickle-veres, you can see young birds everywhere on the coast. White shores of Kamchatka, phalaropes are sometimes trimmed until the harvest.

Round-nosed phalaropes rejoice with larvae of clods and other terrestrial, but more importantly aquatic spineless ones. Sound the phalarope looking for food, picking up the species from the surface water for an hour of swimming. Vіn arc rotten on the water, the whole hour spinning at different sides, often spinning and nodding his head incessantly. Sometimes the phalaropes rise to the pitchings, grebes, avocets, yak, yearning, roaring the water, that bottom ball of the mule, after which the bottom clods of those larvae rise up the hill. Sometimes the phalaropes themselves try to lift the bottom ball to the mule.

The round-nosed phalaropes are rather dovirlivy birds. At the post-nesting hour, the stench is trimmed with greykami. The voice of the round-nosed phalaropes is lower than “drink-drink-drink-drink”. With zloti, it’s a little bit like a krektannya, deshcho guessing the krektannya of a snipe.

phalarope(Ph. fulicarius) may be flat and three extensions. Open your nostrils to stand on the back of the dzoba, but do not adjoin without interruption until the plumage of the chola. The teme of the flat-nosed phalarope is blackish, the back is black with ocher late barvistami, the top is slate-gray, the bottom line is irzhato-ore. There was smuga on the krill, as it is clearly visible in the bird that it is to fly. The male of the troch's troch is darker than the female. In the winter plumage, in the phalaropes, with a great white feast. The length of the wings of the bird is 12-14 cm, moreover, the males are three times smaller than the females. Males are 42-51 g, females 57-60 g.

Flat-nosed phalaropes nest on the Pivdenny Island of Novaya Zemlya, in the tundra of Siberia from the mouth of the Yenisei to the Chukotsky Pivostrov and the Anadir Bay, on the Novosibirsk Islands and on the Wrangel Islands. In addition, the stench nests in Iceland, Spitsbergen and in the tundra of Pivnichnoy America, however, only sporadically. It is important to winter near the open sea, far from the coast of the mainland. Zocrema, the stench often sounds at the descent of the Atlantic Ocean against the opposite and western coasts of Africa. Zvichaynі stench in the Arabian Sea, moreover, zastrіnutі vzimku and in the Pacific Ocean in the coastal region of Peru. The phalaropes reach the areas in the ocean, they are the most rich in plankton organisms, and they are taken into the gras by dozens of individuals, and they breed thousands of birds.

The arrival at the nesting season is from the beginning of the grass to the other half of the worm. Nest nestling sound on the edge of a small lake, if in the lowered area there was a small kaluzha. The clade has 4 or more 3 eggs, incubates the male for 19 days. When breeding, as a rule, only a male is born, but sometimes both fathers are born. In front of the view, flat-nosed phalaropes get off the great forest.

great phalarope Ph. tricolor Tse is not an arctic bird. Vіn inhabitants of the western parts of the USA and the western territories of Canada. The wintering of wines is carried on the waters of the Western coasts of Pivnichnoy and Pivdennoy America to Chile.

The top of the head of this bird is pale gray, from the sides of the head and shiї a wide black smuga stretches. Dziob and legs in the new troch dowsh, lower in other phalaropes.

Kamenikulki(par. Arenaria) stonyshark(Arenariinae). These are small birds with a short dzhobom, perceptibly short chotiripal legs. The stinks may be more cosmopolitan and wider, but they can nest only in the narrow coastal swarm of the pine seas and the vineyards of the Baltic Sea. There are 2 species in the family of stoneworts.

Zvichaina stone(A. interpres) can string plumage. The upper part of her back is greenish-black with rusty patches, her goiter and chest are gray, and her belly is white. The back part of the back was white, pir'ya was white of the base of the black tail, which was whittled down the tail. Rulyov pіr'ya with a white base (weakly pronounced), a black top and big kintsy. On the last pair, the kerma black color is not enough. The female has been harvested for the sake of the male. Vzimku and male and female are more important than dark storms. Dovzhina krill kamenyarok 14-16 cm, vaga 95-115 g.

Like a bird that nests, the turnstone is circularly wide. Vaughn nests along the shores of the peninsular seas and only the area of the Baltic Sea enters at the dead latitude. Birds that do not nest, roost in the arc of rich places, the lakes of lakes near the deserts of Central Asia. The stench stinks in the air in Chile and Peru and in the Great Antilles. The stoners spend the winter in England and the western coasts of Europe to the northern edge of Africa, in Madagascar, along the shores of Pivdenny Asia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and the islands of Indonesia, as well as along the shores of the dead part of America, to Pivnichnoy. Stinks hibernate, moreover, on the Hawaiian Islands and the Galapagos Islands. The arrival at the nesting place of this bird is like grass - an ear of worms.

For nesting, stones are planted in a non-swampy coastal mud, without thick grassy vegetation, more importantly in wet places. In Finland and on the Scandinavian Pivostroy, stone sacks nest near skerries. In some species, as, for example, it was noted on the island of Kolguev, stone bags can nest colonially. On the Novosibirsk Islands, stench dominates in springs of 2-3 nests not far from one, and in the Baltic Sea in the skerries they occupy quite a lot of nests of woodsmen, not tolerating the presence of other bets nearby. The smallest nesting plot was guarded near Finland, it occupied 800 m2, moreover, the swamp of the coast, suitable for fodder, was 30 m wide.

Unexpectedly, after the prilyota, the male proceeds to the establishment of the “holy nests”, such as sprats. On the back, the female rises to similar nests with full baiduzhistyu, later starts chasing after the male’s activities, and when the time of laying comes, she herself marks the place, de may buti nest. It is possible to rule on the rocks under the stone between the stones, among the thickets of crows and heather, the skils are somehow covered, but the nests are built and opened. Some birds can build a nest in a burrow of a deaf hut, climbing from it to a depth of five meters, or under a broken chin. Laying lay 3 or 4 eggs. The deposit is borrowed for a few hours, sometimes up to 7 days. Interrupt between appearances in the nest of okremih eggs, maybe from 15-18 to 70 years old. Eggs of brown-olive or green color with a large or smaller number of black and blue chicks.

Nasidjuvati birds start after the third egg is laid. Change of birds, which they nasidzhuyut, vіdbuvaєtsya in 8-14 years. As a rule, the female often sits at the night year, and the male during the day. There was a bird's nest, which they nasidzhuyut, lead more actively. The stinks with loud cries are calling out other persons of their own sight that have flown before them, retracing skuas, foxes and other huts.

Nasidzhuvannya three days 23, sometimes 24 days. The first few years of life (approximately half of the doby) down-padded coats trim near the nest and are constantly warmed by the fathers. Then the stench begins to show great activity, and all this time to move from dry places near more water to the grassy growth of the lowlands. Truthfully, from the skerries of the Baltic Sea, stone bags move to the open seashore only after they fledge like birds. Flying young birds start on the 24th-26th day of life. Not long before, when young birds begin to grow up already, females stop breeding and vodkachuyut. The males are trying with their own dots, the nests of the birds do not become completely independent. Kochіvlі they start for 10-15 days later, lower in females. The rest are young birds.

Why, young stoners (first-timers) in a significant number of people are caught in the first spring and summer of independent life on the territory of the wintering region: they can be seen at any hour near Pivdenny Africa, on the Hawaiian Islands, and also in Australia. Many people, however, fly to the pіvnіch, ale zatrimuyuyutsya on the way and then roam with the hrykami or self-taught. Few of them reach the Fatherland, but continue to lead a nomadic way of life there, without starting nesting.

Kamenyulinki start nesting no earlier than the court age.

It is important to serve the coast of the sea as a year-old stone-stones' missus. If the springtime birds eat the berries that were saved in autumn, leafing and young grasses, the fish thrown by the sea, and even though there are no more shores, then the spineless sea ones. At this hour, the stench often approaches the inhabitants of the people and digs at the exits. There were stonstones of dyad mollusks, crustaceans, especially amphipods and water donkeys, beetles, two-winged larvae, panicles, and spiderworts.

Often the little fireplace whispers to itself under the little fireplaces, like turning it around. There you can turn the little fireplace, for a vaga, a rich vase and a body. Like a stone, it is important for her, turn sprats of birds at once. In the steppe places, a small fireplace whispers food under the withered camel last and under a cracked, dried-up pick, as it is steadily settled along the mulish shores of lakes.

Every now and then the fire breaks. Buvay, the stench sips in the place of eggs of terns, gulls, such sights of jocks and lay eggs of other stoneworts. Having revealed the egg, which was lost without protection, the bird curses in a new dir, drinking what it is possible, then turning it, having made a new dirochka, drinking it up.

Even richer than a large number of species, a group of avian waders, as if they bear a solemn name dog breeders(Pidrodina Calidritinae). There are small birds with appreciably short trippy legs, and in the same genus (Crocethia) there is a small hind toe. The dzioba is short, as a rule, straight, sometimes slightly curved down, in one species it is widened at the tip in what looks like a flat spatula. The hounds of the big dog are not crying, with the quiet lower voices of the bird.

Until recently it was wrongly reported about their nests being wide. It was important that the oystercatcher, white-tailed pisochnik and low-lying other species nest at the peaceful latitudes of Western Siberia and Kazakhstan. This pardon is based on the fact that a lot of pisochniks zatrimuyutsya there for an hour of flight to the nest nests, around the eagles they fly over the spring, and the deaks early in the night, and, in such a rite, all or at least all latitudes are possible.

One of the most important dog breeders - oystercatcher(Calidris minuta). The joba yogo is short, absolutely straight, and the finish is thin. The flower of the middle dovzhina, short fingers, krill vuzkі, ale no more than dovgі. The extreme pair of the steering pir'ya, so the very same as the middle pair of їх, trochs dosha for the steering pir'ya. The bottom is white, the anterior part of the breasts, goiter, throat, sides of the neck and cheeks with an ore-ocher tinge and brown barvistimi. The first row of black-storm flywheels, the other row of flywheels were white with a base and with black tips. The dorsal side of the body is siruvatobur, the middle part of the back is black, the ventral side is white, the scarlet in the area of the goiter is brood-buffy and brown swarthy. Dovzhina krill 8.5-10 cm, vaga 22-27 g.

The oystercatcher is mainly a tundra bird. They settle in the tundra of Norway to the lower reaches of the Lenya river and a number of islands in the Frozen Ice Ocean. Come and nest in the forest-tundra. The winterings of this bird were planted in Africa, Pivdenny Asia and farther on a pvd to Australia and Tasmania. Near a small number of oystercatchers humpbacked beetles hibernate for the winter on the white shores of the Caspian Sea.

Immediately after the arrival of the birds, they occupy the nesting space and proceed to hatching. Under the hour of the strum, the oystercatcher is flying, lifting the wings high uphill, tremt with them and see a trill, I go to the crackle of a horse, and a little less a ring. The nest of the oystercatcher is a simple hole with composted thorny grass, often under a bush, sometimes on a dry forest. Leaves of willow willows can serve as a vistylannya. Often the nest of the flooring is rotten, that, as if vynyat from a new egg, you can know between the nests.

The last hoard has 4 eggs, it is highly variable in color, but still brown-olive. Egg size: 27-30 X 19-21, 5 mm. Nasidzhuyut insults members nestovoї bet. The trivality of nasidzhuvannya is not bound.

The eggs of these birds begin in the last decade of wormwood, downy feathers appear in another - the third decade of lime, sometimes on the cob of this month. For example, lime - on the cob of a sickle, you can already see more plumage, but often not yet flying birds. However, before the chicks become fledgling, broodstocks of a small number of families often unite in a wild camp and proceed to moving migrations across the tundra. At the middle smoothness of the European part of the Union, the passage will pass from the middle of the sickle to the end of the spring.

Sandpipers, humpbacked waders, as the most powerful of the dogs, innocuous birds, run uneasily, without sharp fluctuations, they are like little muffins, or quietly chirping one by one, and reach the baiduzhi to the presence of a person.

Humpbacked oystercatchers are grumbling with the head rank of clods, like mollusks and other crustaceans. In hedgehogs, the larvae of water coma are carried, the head rank is the larvae of tovkuntsiv (motili).

Kind of similar to shoino descriptions chervonosheyka(S. ruficollis), but a little bit more than a humpbacked oystercatcher and look, so that you can live the word, it’s important. The sight of the humpbacked oystercatcher rises, that in the nesting hour the new throat and chest are rusty, the stars and the name.

The situation, in which the chervonosheyka kennel nests, is little seen in the nesting kulikavorob'ya. There, when you see them nestling for nesting at once, it is even easier to distinguish them by the nature of the strum flock. The chervonoshiyka flies the strum for an hour, trimming its wings on the level of the body, often hitting them to the bottom, rarely lifting them uphill. In the presence of such a bird, it is often swaying in the wind without waving wings, lightly dangling down the great flywheel of the feast. The main straight line for the flight is uphill (up to 15 - 20 m) and down; to a frail, even horizontal flight, the birds are less likely to cross before landing. The characteristic voice of the hour of the strum is a kind of trochy dull sound, which tells the stogin. Already from afar, not yet a bachachi bird, you can recognize yoga behind this voice. The red-crowned birds have a kind of quohche. Eggs in the red-nosed dog (їх 4) are larger, lower in the oystercatcher. The color of theirs sharply changes with the color of the eggs of other kennels: sometimes more, sometimes less intense reddish-brown.

The chervonosheyka dog owl is a shy tundra bird that nests in missions from the Skhidny Taymir to Alaska. On a day of wine to fly through Skhidniy Sibir and on the shores of the sea. It winters on the shores of Malacca Pivostrova, on the islands between the Asian and Australian continents, in Australia and Tasmania.

Dovgopaly pistochnik(C. subminuta) similar to a humpbacked oystercatcher, it looks like it is blown up with dowed fingers, especially the middle one. The edges of the pier of the back and the krill of the new ocher are richer, the lower rud. Taking the bird in your hands, you can bachiti, that it has only the first first row of the fly feather may have a white haircut, and in the solution of the fir'ya shearing storms, the same as the oystercatcher humpbacked shear fir'ya on a significant protyaza in a white color.

The long-falted pisochnik wanders in the forests of Siberia, beginning in the left tributary of the Ob to Commander Islands. However, the exact place of nesting yoga is only found in small places of Hidden Siberia. Obviously, the main biotope of yoga (in Yakutia) is the mountain tundra, as well as the swampy valleys of the mountain rivers. On the Commander and Kuril Islands, vines nest in swamps between dunes.

white-tailed pisochnik(C. temminckii) behind the roses and the scorching warehouse is close to a humpbacked sandpiper, for good reason, the brown-sirim (and not rudim) saturate the upper side of the body. In addition, the extreme helmsman of the pir'ya, at the sight of such oystercatchers, the white-tailed pisochnik is pure-white (although only with an insignificant brown-colored house).

The widening of this bird hovers the forest tundra and the frequent forest tundra of Europe and Asia from the Scandinavian Pivostrov to the Chukotsky Pivostrov and Anadir. Winters in the lands of the Mediterranean and on the way to Pivdenny China and Burma.

The white-tailed pisochnik settles in low, wet tundra, in the middle of thickets of polar willow and often near running water. Often, one nest can be found in more dry "edges" of tundra rivers. In the rest of the hour, the weight of the white-tailed kennel was marked to the outskirts of the settlements of the European type.

At the hour of the spring igor, the birds are hovering over the top. They constantly grow uphill, sit on the rubbish bushes and the parkan’s stacks, and scurry around the different sides with the uninterrupted titans characteristic of them. Near the stench, the wings are raised high, staring at about 40 °, and flutter them gently, not lowering the wings below the body surface. Short winding paths are knitted repeatedly on raised wings, often sprats of quills are sprouting on one spot, continuing the triplets with wings. At this hour, white-tailed dogs will be fearless, wanting to stink at times. Like in the front view of the dogs, they have 4 eggs in the clutch.

Often a white-tailed kennel can be hung and on the cob of summer, significantly more than the nesting area (for example, in the steppes of the Peredaltai) in conditions that allow the nesting there. Sometimes birds sing in similar places and, for the guardianship of some naturalists, sing in, but nests and downy birds in these places are not good enough.

Widely widened in the tundra and good in the stretches (especially in the autumn) near the middle mud of our region blackthroat(C. alpina). There are more than a few descriptions of the species: the wing of the krill is 11-12.5 cm, the wing is 44-57 r. The females are much larger than the males. Dzioba to milk dovga, thin, troch is bent to the bottom. The dorsal side of the black-bura bird is covered with wide rusty-rudiy patches of pir'ya. Throat and goiter in dark dark ripples, breasts and anterior part of the cuticle of the black-buri (zvіdsi i name), reshta of the cuttle was white. The bird's charge to the beast was uniformly wild, from the bottom it was white with a wild taste on the crop. In young birds on the autumn season, the entire back side is covered with round dark patches.

Chornobik is widely widened in the tundra of Eurasia in the peninsula part of the Scandinavian Pivostrov to the Chukotka Pivostrov and in the tundra of Canada, as well as in Greenland. In addition, the vines nest along the shores of the Baltic Sea from Estonia for a day and a day to Denmark, the British Isles and Ireland. Winterings of yogo cultivation on the European and African entry, on the shores of the Red Sea, on the Asian mainland and Japan. Unstated blackthroats are often overwhelmed in the summer on the winter months, or they spend the winter months, and then they get hung up on the road. Some of them fly to the tundra, not approaching, prote, there until nesting and leading a great way of life.

Arrival at the nesting season in the tundra near black-nosed grasses, for example, grass - the first days of wormwood. The love flight of the black-tailed beetle is similar to the flight of other houndsmen (Krim krasnosheyka): the birds fly on fluttering wings, sometimes they forge near the air, and for the whole hour, mayzhe tsіlodobovo, a sweet whirlwind trill.

For nesting, blackmouths occupy hummocky, grassy, heavily planted woodlands, nest on sphagnum tops, on grassy-moss swampy islands, and near lakes of dry-water or kaluzh.

The nest dominates mostly on the top of the bush. Vono є small zagleylennym, the beast is good disguised with torish grass. Sometimes it will avenge itself under the bush of dwarf birch or under the bush of the bush. The nest is hanging, ringing willow leaves.

The last clutch has 4 eggs, rarely 3 or 5. The color of them is sometimes variable, but more important is greenish- or yellowish-brown or light-olive; storms of barvisty are serended by the head rank of a blunt kіntsya egg. Razmіri eggs: 31-40 x 23-26, 5 mm.

Even in the middle of the wormwood near the tundra, one can find nests of chernozobiki with top clutches, for example wormwood - downy feathers appear on the cob of linden. Summer juveniles melt near the river for about 28 days. Until one hour, the stinks unite near the wild zgrayka with the grown-ups, move to the banks of the rivers or to the sea and start nomads at no cost, and migrations follow the nomads.

A decrease in the number of mature black-nosed beetles is found in the tundra already in the middle of the lime tree, and at the same time it is possible to grow up to four black-nosed beetles (Imovirno, that they did not start nesting) near the Moscow, Kursk regions and navit on pivden. For the most part, blacktails emerge from the tundra in the middle of spring. At the same time, the stinks of the great number of people are coming for the winter of the Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Caspian Sea.

Chornobiki are fluffy little birds that fly fast and fly well. On the cob of the nesting hour, having already finished the wild games, the stench easily sees its presence with a cry, if, raptly sprouting from the mist, fly low from the characteristic trill over the bush and then recognize between them. When the birds appear, the blacktails behave even more restlessly: they often get angry, and more often they gather on the bush and, with an alarming cry, follow the fence that is approaching. Like an enemy approaching, the black-tailed yogo will lead. Ale posture nesting hour tse calm and movchaznі birds. At the perelak, they see their own "t-r-rr", sometimes "cru ... cru ... cru ...". In the countryside, the black-tails fly over with a quiet squeak. Their coat is rather swishy, with constant turns of the body, with some kind of posterigache, that cherevtse, back is shown.

The food of the chornobikiv is komakhi - beetles and their larvae, larvae of flies and chironomus, eggs of long-lived, and also wooden hrobaki, mollusks and other crustaceans. The birds constantly swarm around the shore with water, they can enter up to the new to the half of the flower, sometimes even more, when it’s good to swim. Watching carefully, the black-throated dog from afar scatter a light flurry of a dog or a mule, which vibrates with crustacean-like or chrobaks, and, rushing to the next place, swaggeringly vidobutok.

Chervonozobik C. testacea dziob not much, but still slightly bending down. The red-bean bean is well known for the hat's choice by the thick chestnut-ore color of the lower side of the body. In goodness, it is better to remember the white head of a bird, on the face of a black-tailed beetle, which has a dark head. The female worm-mouth may mean a white-colored house on the lower side of the body. At the winter's collection, insults were puffed up by a grayish-stormy beast that was below. Dovzhina krill bird 12-24 cm, vaga 53-91 r.

Chervonozobiki are the masters of distant transitions. The stench nests in the subzones of the arctic tundra of Siberia (far from everywhere), vibrating lowlands there, peacefully swampy hillocks. For the winter, they are the main rank near the pivdennu pіvkul and are trimmed more importantly near the coastal zone of the mainland and islands as far as Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.

At sandpiper(C. melanotos) dorsal side of a black-burr with ruddy oblіvіvkami okremih pіr'ya, rear part of the back and rump black. Goiter and breasts of a storm with white chicks, a belly of a belly. A storm of feathering of the breasts sets up a small bowl near the beak of the neck on the middle line of the body with a white color of the neck. The wing length of males is 14 cm, females is 12.5 cm, females are 94-110 g, females are 52-72 g.

These birds nest in the tundra of Alaska and Canada, and in the forest parts of the Siberian tundra from the Chukchi Pivostrov to Skhidny Taimir. Possibly, the whole bird gradually grows at the right direction. At every time, at stay rocky in the midst of autumn dutish air to Europe: to the Kirov region, to the FRN, to France. At the same pivkul, the paska does not winter anywhere. Siberian birds of autumn fly on the cob into the sea of Alaska, and then turn on the pivden and winter together from pivnіchnoamericanskiye puffs in the significant expanse of Pivdenny America from Ecuador and Bolivia to Argentina and Chile.

Tsіkavі slubnі іgri tsy kulika. At the same time, the male is strongly irritated by the swollen bears (incorrectly called goiter, which is not known in waders). The male either flies low above the ground and, having blown up, sees his own deaf dudinnya, or runs around the female with a swollen neck, which is typical for the new "duu ... duu-u". At the same hour, the male grouse will guess the troch. The females should start to nasidzhuvannya, the males, pevne, vydkochovuyut.

Pishchanka(Crocethia alba) is similar to all dog breeders, it looks like they have a back toe on the nose. In this rank, her legs tripali. This is a small bird with a winged krill 11.5 - 13 cm. The back of this bird and the upper flank of the head are black with rusty-ruddy patches of pir'ya, the throat and ruddy with dark hens.

Pishchanka, maybe, the biggest pivnіchny pіsochnik. So, at the pivnіchnіyi america is penetrated by approximated to 82 ° 30 "Pіvnі-Ukraine, and in Greenlandia, to 84 ° pіvnі-ї ° исдувная ї ї ї їdddvyomi at Novosibіrsk Islands, in the Girli Deer, Mabut, on the pivnіchnyh village. Kochіvnі Tu Outlook Suscript in fatty areas of Tundry, and on the spell of the pivotanok you can Bachiti Bіli Water Mainland, Bіli Bіv Aralsky І Kaspіjsky Moriv i t. D. Bіl Ptakhdennnings Bespius Caspian Sea Tsi Ptahi Trimoyuz Skimka, Ale Vonya Vonya Delivery far away, right up to the pivdennih edges of Africa, Pivdennoy America and up to Australia.

Turukhtan(Phylomachus pugnax) is especially suitable for amateurs. At the same hour, males develop underwire pir'ya on the shiї - in front and from the sides (so the ranks of comir) and from the sides of the head (vuha); on the anterior part of the head, the feathers fall out and appear as special shkiryasti utvennya - warts of red, yellow chi orange color. The plumage of the Komira and the vuh is different. There can be white, olive, pale-ocher, ruduvo-ocher, bright-and dark-rudi, brown, black, black-green, black-blue and black-purple tones. With this, on the fir'ї often there are late and transverse swarms, large drops or dry patches. On the dark-colored parts of the plumage, there is often a rumple of metallic metal. At this hour, perhaps, it is impossible to know two of the same males. The back part of the back and rump of the male turukhtan is grayish-stormy with dark, may be black end parts and with light edges of the pir'ya. Flying pir'ya black, steering wheel storms, ale two middle bets in transverse swags. Heart white. Legs can be red-yellow, green, brown-yellow and other colors. The female is poofed more modestly. The pose of a favorite hour male and female are similar to plumage. The upper side of the body is grayish-brown, the lower side is white, the neck and breasts are greenish-olive. Males are larger than females: their krill length is 17.5-19 cm, while in females it is 14-16.5 cm. Males are on average 184 g, females - 108 g.

Turukhtani nest in the head rank of the tundra of the Old World. It is especially rich in pivdennih parts of smuga. Ale stinks nest and nest on the day, in all the forest-tundra, and, perhaps, go near the forest part of the taiga. In Europe, the nesting area hovers and more pivdennі territorії to the savage parts of Ukraine and to Pvnіchnoy France, but in these areas turukhtan nests sporadically. The stench nests under the bushes and pivdni of Western Siberia. Wintering of turukhtans in roztashovan in Africa and Pivdenny Asia.

In Crimea, turukhtani birds appear on the cob of the other half of the birch tree, in Estonia - at the other half of the summer, for example, grass - on the cob of the worm, birds appear on the nesting places in the tundra. The first males arrive on the back, in the same number of small groups. After a few days, there will be a mass arrival of males and females.

Turukhtani are polygamous birds. The stinks do not break into a bet, the males, after a prilyot, group into teams of 5-8-15 birds, occupy the song strum, ring out those who are near the front rocks, and proceed to their own tournaments. Males roam the ground on a dry hillock among the bushes, fluff up their feathers, take different poses and throw themselves one on one. Birds don’t have such commemorative ears with such essences. On the strum, males spend whole days with small breaks. Vtіm, the attack of one bird on another trivaє sound for a short hour - a few seconds, then by stretching out the wins are repeated differently.

At the end of the strum, the males turn into birds on the afternoon and, for example, the worms show the posture of the nesting area. At the same hour, they begin to line: with the first ones, they embellish the pir'ya komira and vuh.

Females make nests, placing yogis on bushes in wet grassy lowlands, sometimes on dry tundra. At the nest, which is a deep hole, you can 4 milk great eggs. Dovzhina zhnya 39-47, 5 mm, width 28-31 mm. The stench of a grayish-green zabarvlennya with a grayish-and red-stormy patches. Nasidzhuwati the female begins only after laying the third egg. Most of the unsettled masonry on the Kola Pivostrova is like wormwood. Nasidzhuvannya threevaє 22-23 days. The female behaves more carefully in the nest. Having helped the people, they will come out of the distance from the nest and move to live, and buy it. Let's let the people indulge themselves and lead them all away from the nest.

On the heels of the nest, the whole sіm'ya thrives on the nest, often turning to the new one. After a few days, you can see the vivodok in the wet sedge lowlands, where you can see the sprats of the family. Females show their presence at every moment, to that, at the first trivoz, they shine and with their own muffled corrections they become like a human.

Like only young turukhtans rise to the wings, the stench begins to roam and step by step shift to the pivden, sometimes with females, sometimes without mature birds. On wintering in Africa, turukhtans appear at the middle of sickle.

sandpiper(Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) is sharply seen in other kennels in the bud wood, which may be shovel-like expansion in the chinese part. In another oystercatcher, it looks like a chervonoshey, wafting through it with smaller sizes and a bright swarthy back. The shovel is more rickety, the lower kennels. Vіn fit, describing the arc of a great swidkіst head and neck pіvkolo, and shvidko live with it, going near the water up to the neck. Often the veins turn raptly back and run straight at the opposite side, not swaying the water. The dove of the krill of this bird is 9.5-10 cm.

Tsya paska may be even wider. It breeds in the Radyansk Soyuz in the seaside tundra smudge from the Vankarem mise on the Chukchi land to the Anadir inflow and the Korf bay (Koryak land). In winter, shovel migrates to Pivdenno-Skhidnaya Asia.

The mother needs to be safe, so, despite such a miraculous dzhob, it is not easy to recognize the oystercatcher in the natural environment. The bird's own dzhob does not fall at the vіchі, and it looks even more similar to other drіbnih pisochnіv, with which you ring out at once on the fly.

See different snipe, great snipe and woodcock mingle in the forest snipe podrodina(Scolopacinae). The legs of these ptahіv may have a short metatarsus, and even reach two fingers, like 4, moreover, the back finger is good. There are no swimming bands on the fingers. The gomilka is feathered in the greater part of the dozhina, and the plumage of the woodcock is slightly curved and articulated with the flower.

The snipe krills are wide, sometimes lower, sometimes short, smaller, smaller in most of the other species of waders, and in some species of waders are dull. The tail is weakly or strongly rounded, the extreme rudder of the pir'ya is significantly lower, lower middle. The number of kermovyh kolivaetsya v_d 6 to 14 pairs.

Dziob of snipes is straight, long, narrow and thin. The top of the beak is slightly lower than the beak, and the very top of the yogo bends down a little. The apical part (tretina or quarter of the joba) is flattened and the trochs are widened. The part of the dziob is flattened, making a short coat on the surface and a later middle furrow.

Bekasovs may be cosmopolitan in breadth and inhabit the most important regions of the world: orbows, etc. You can see the deyak lingering near the forests, the deyak high in the mountains.

Worms and larvae of the coma, which live near the upper balls of the soil, are more important to serve as snipes. Dobuvayut their own zhu snipes, probing the soil with a dzhobom and scrounging sweat like a pillbox. Species buttocks show up for the help of numerous dotik calves, stoked at the shortest part of the kіntsa dzhoba.

Bekasovs lead the way of life, but they easily show their presence on the curtains, the shards of the greater power of their waters, every hour the bird sees different, ring out loud sounds.

Garshnep(Lymnocryptes minima) - a fairly small paska, about the size of a field lark. The length of the krill is 10.5-11.5 cm.

Harshnep is widely widened in the forest-tundra zone and in the forest zone from the Scandinavian breeding farm to the Oleni river, it is possible, and signifi- cantly, to nest, nesting in the lower Kolimi. Pivdenna between the nesting area of the species is not sufficiently marked. Adopt nesting vines in the Smolensk region. In the winter, harshnep near Pivdenniy Asia, poddekudi in Africa and in a small number in Europe, zokrema in England. In the SRSR it winters near Transcaucasia.

Harshnep settles on wild brudni tops with small herbage, on the mulish shores of lakes, swamps, overgrown with horsetail, sedge or outline. The nest of this bird is roaring and ringing on the bushes, sometimes washed out by water. The last clutch has 3-4 eggs.

Garshnepi - movchaznі, prihovanі ptakhi, trimayutsya importantly one by one. Lead the day and night way of life. Harshnep reluctantly sings, mayzhe s-pid nig, seeing the sound on the “chivika” kshtalt, and sitting in the thickets of the swamp. The watering of which bird is despoiled by the watering of the kazhan.

Turning the harshnep is even more peculiar. You can sound yoga a little in calm, gloomy weather, moreover, the voice of the harshnep, instead of muffling, is sensitive alternately from different places, more precisely, from different directions. Tse vіdbuvaєtsya through those, scho ptah current high in the wind and at the same time move quickly. Having vibrated a series of strum sounds over one mass, the harshnet flew for a kilometer or so far, there I shout again and fly again, sometimes even in another straight line thin. stop being weird.

The harvesting of the harshnep already predictably stukіt accumulates along the hard-packed roads. All three one-man, swishly repeating one by one the muffled sounds of “top-top-top” with a voice in the rest of the warehouse. The sounds are repeated a little once in a while, then we follow a pause, every hour it flies from month to month.

snipe(Gallinago gallinago) widely spread in Europe and the peninsulas of Asia and Ireland to the Commander Islands, a day to the Pyrenees, the middle flow of the river Abo and the peninsular edge of Baikal. The tundra does not nest in the pine forest parts, but at the lower reaches of the Deer, it grows under 72 ° pine latitude, the white of the Tiksi Bay.

Wintering snipe roztashovani chastkovo near Western Europe, in places in Africa, Central Asia, on the islands of Polynesia. At the Radyansk Union of winter snipes, it is possible to shoot in Transcaucasia and in Turkmenistan.

The dorsal side of the great snipe is dark brown with rusty-ruddy barvy and whitish-ocher late males. The crown of the head is a black-bure with an ocher late-blooded smog. The black side of the bіluvata with ocher tinge on the goiter and breasts and with dark barvisti. The birds are approximately the size of a thrush (the average length of a krill is 13 cm *, її 90-125 g). Dzioba is longer than dovga (6-7 cm), dovsha, lower in other representatives of the family. Steering fir'ya 6-9 pairs, often 7 pairs. Middle kerm black with rudiy peaks, reshta with light tips.

In choosing a nesting site, the snipe is not viable. Tse swamps of various types and siri bows, often mіstsya, overgrown with light forest.

On the firth of our land, all the birds appear like birch trees; in the forest parts of the range, in the tundra - from the middle of the grass, and the mass arrival is expected to be around 25 May.

The spring games of snipes begin even before the arrival at the nesting site. Vіdbuvayutsya stench in this way. The current male raptov glimpses his own quacks from the ground and quickly fly uphill. Having reached the height of a sprat of tens of meters, the veins are straight down with a raptom, trochs having folded the wings and three of them; Whist at this hour, the floorings are opened, that the top parts of the Kermovy Vilna do not stick together one by one. With this kermov, roaring and vibrating, one sees a characteristic woody sound, which is supposed to be the lamb’s mecan. Such a fall at 10-15 m lasts only 1-2 seconds, after which the birds from the "chakannyam" rise again uphill, so that it will not be difficult to descend again. In addition, the male of the hanging screams on the ground, sitting on the stump or on the tree from the dry top. When you see wine, you see a bunch of "taku-taku" and a sharp "tech". Tsі cries of vins іnоdі vidає і on the ice.

The nest at the snipe is mostly dominated by bushes and even flat burrows, covered with dry grass stalks. The top hoard has 4 eggs, sometimes 5 or 3. The stench is pear-shaped, olive or brown-ocher color with gray-brown patches.

Look at the old ones, snipes need to be recognized as monogamous birds: stinks make a bet on the summer. However, the male at the ruling nest and the nasidzhuvanny eggs do not take the same fate. The female is occupied on the right, as she proceeds to incubation after laying the third hour of the remaining egg, she incubates for 19 to 22 days. The little birds, having dried out, go from the nest, after 19-20 days the stench will be re-flyed in the building. Offensive members of the nesting bet are trimmed with vivodcom, and in times of insecurity, the fathers can carry their downy birds for a small amount of time. A grown-up bird is squeezing a puff between its metatarsals and flying low over the ground from it.

A snipe, for a vignette of the hour of reproduction, a motherfucking bird, who leads hobbies, a day-to-day way of life. Vіn good bіgає navіt among the grass i, vilification, often rage, not going to the floor. Zlіtaє vin, seeing their own creaking, and fly, shifting from side to side. At the hour of the day, on the day of wine, you often stand, taking a cup of white cup and troch with your head in your shoulders. Navpaki, at the hour of the year, the snipe is already zhvaviy - to move from month to month, hoarding in coma, what to sit, and in addition, without fail, zanuryu dzhob into the ground, often vshchent. One day you wander and wander through the milky waters, zanuruyuchi dzhob at the bottom. The snipe zakovtuє drіbny vidobutok, not vyymayuchi dzoba z mula chi drive. Zha yogo - worms, slimaks, beetles and yogo larvae, dvokrili. Inodia snipe sklovuє i nasіnnya roslin.

Great snipe(G. media) the troch is bigger than the snipe, and the leg of the new troch is shorter. The tail of the krill is 12.5-13.5 cm. On the vіdmіnu vіd snipe there are 3 extreme pairs of kermovi near the great snipe mayzhe with a whole bіlі or only zі weak dark grouse. In addition, on the middle crooked kryls, there are well-placed white peaks (stench is wider, lower at snipes).

Expansion of the great snipe in Denmark and Pivdennoy Finland on the way to the Yenisei. On pіvnіch in the tundra vin syagaє 68 ° pіvnіchnoї latitude. In addition, the great snipe nests near Norway. The winterings of the great snipe were roztashovanny with the head rank near Pivdenno-Skhidniy and Pivdenniy Africa.

The spring arrival of the great snipes stretches from the end of the birch in Ukraine until the middle days of the grass of the polar stake. The main places of residence of the great snipes at the nesting hour are the ornate expanses of grassy swamps, where the tussocks and vines cross over. With a snipe's head, choose more dry ground for nesting, lower snipe. There is no one-stayness in the life of hollows among naturalists, as if they wove that bird. Some vvazhayut this bird polygamous, but, at the thought of others, the great snipe make a bet and the males take the fate of the ruling nest. Prote nasidzhuyut seldom females.

Great snipes roam the earth, picking up at every day of the day to finish off in significant groups. The birds are excited with a strum and chirp chewing, taking different positions. The males ruffle the pir'ya, wiggle the neck, straighten the leg uphill, clatter at it. The stench lower the wings, straighten the tail with a blown lash and bend it over the back, then pull the head into the shoulders, lowering the hips and pressing the yogo to the plumage of the breasts, etc.

Nest - a flat ground near the turf - revenge 4 eggs. If you want to re-lay, then from 3 or navit 2 eggs.

Fox snipe(G. megala), in fact, not a great snipe, but a snipe. The appearance of a great snipe vin is crowned by the head rank of a boudo tail. The new one has 10-12 (ale buvaє vіd 8 to 13) pairs of steering pіr'ya. Three extreme bets of Kerm's are both narrow and short, finish hard. Width x 2.5-3 mm. The fan of the extreme helmsman is sharply asymmetrical. Dovzhina krill fox snipe 13-14 cm.

The forest snipe nests on the breeding grounds of Siberia in the forests of Kulund at the entrance to Irkutsk at the exit. In addition, vines nest on the breeding grounds of the Primorsky Territory. Winterings of yogo growth in Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia and on the islands of Indonesia.

Favored by the place of living of the fox snipe, the leaves and light-coniferous foxes, which do not satisfy the succulent massif. The presence of the meadows and the flames of the chagar and the young shoots of wasp and birch are taken in by the obov'yazkovaya. Strongly ennobled foxes are unique in these birds. It has been established that friendly minds live 70, and possibly more pairs of hollows per 1 km2.

Based on the recent warnings of R. Naumov, males in the struma fell one by one and in groups of 5 individuals fly with great stakes over the forest at a great height. Sometimes one of the birds in the group lifted their wings, folding them behind their backs, and for a long time, lowering slightly, sweating their brothers. Raptom, one of the hollows began to fall to the ground with a flurry, so that everything grows stronger, clapping and dropping the breeze back and flaring up the tail. When it falls on the cob, it’s a little more aggravated and a whistling noise, which suddenly strengthens and turns into a strong, slightly three-handed whistle, just guessing the noise of a jet aircraft flying in the distance. Let's sweat the snipe, raising its group and starting to fall other birds, etc.

The female proceeds to nesting in the open struma. There are 4 (in other clutches there are 3) eggs of two types of infestation - light and dark (Table 2). In the middle of the worm, it is already possible to scatter young birds in the downy selection. During the period of incubation, males are kept apart from females and participate in incubation eggs, do not take nests and nests. At the bottoms of the fox hollows, there are more important wooden hrobaks.

Asian snipe(G. stenura) is similar to the great snipe and snipe. May 12-13 pairs of steering pir'ya, of which normally only 5 pairs are average. The extreme kerms are sharply sonorous and short, do not reach the top of the tail by 1-2 cm. Krill shell 12.5-13.5 cm.

Not long ago it was respected that the Asian snipe of power is no more than the high land of the Middle and the Great Siberia. In fact, the range of yoga is significantly wider. Vіn nest in Pіvnіchnogo Ural (and maybe, and trochs on the way out of the new - in Europe) to the upper part of Anadir, on pіvnіch to 72 ° pіvnіchnoy latitude, belya bay Tiksi. Winters are most important on the mainland of Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia and the islands of Indonesia. Under the hour of the strum, the Asian snipe flies like a snipe, and at the moment of the fall, there are a few sounds that tell the dzizhchannya of a pikiruchy fly. The last clutch of this bird has 4 eggs.

Bekas-samitnik(G. solitaria) - a mountain bird, it is sometimes called a mountain snipe. Goiter and chest in a new earthy storm, with white transverse corns. A swanky fan of the first first-row fly feather with a white marmur baby, a splendid fan of two pure-white first-row fly feathers advancing behind it. The back is brown-brown with light transverse and white late strings on the shoulder pier. Sides in earthy-brown transverse hulls, cherevets is pure-bіle abo, yak and flanks, in hulls. Behind the bud's tail, the snipe is close to a fox snipe, and the fan of the extreme kerm is symmetrical. The number of steering pir'ya is highly variable - from 9 to 12 pairs. Dovzhina bird wings 15-17 cm, vaga 140-160 rubles. These birds inhabit the alpine belt of the mountains of Central Asia (Crimea of Kopetdag), the pivdnya of Siberia and the Far Descent.

The snipe-satellite led a pleasant way of life, descending for the winter into the lower belt of quiet mountains, nesting in such vines. Trimaєtsya sound alone, more movchazny, navіt with zlotі do not always give a voice. The strum of yoga trohi guesses the current of a fox snipe, and often vines “spiva”, sitting on the ground on a tree. Calling on those that the snipe-satellite streaks one by one over the singing plot of the territory, one can think that it is a monogamous bird.

On the small islands near New Zealand (the Auckland Islands and others) there are small and rather peculiar snipes that come close to woodcocks after their life. Auckland woodcocks(Coenocorhypha aucklandica). The stench nests in burrows, roams the ground with other birds, even a little fly and lead a nocturnal way of life. Obviously, when rozshuk їzhi stinks dig the soil with their paws - a sound, the sacks are not powerful. Vіdkladayut stench less than 2 eggs. Krill length 10-10.5 cm.

Woodcock(Scolopax rusticola) - a great oystercatcher with short legs and feathers on the legs, which hobbles the articulation of a homilka with a metatarsus. Dziob is long and strong. The dorsal side of this bird is an irzhovo-bur with dark patches and later rows of gray-olive patches of the shoulder feast. Potilitsia with black-brown transverse smugs. The black side is whitish-ocher with brown-brown transverse males. Steering fir'ya 6 pairs. Dovzhina krill 18-20 cm, vaga 270-305 g.

The nesting area of this bird covers the forest zone of Eurasia from England and France on the way to Sakhalin and Hokkaido. In addition, woodcock nests in the Caucasus, the Himalayas, on the islands of the Azores, Canaries and Madeira.

For the winter, woodcocks fly to the ends of the Mediterranean, in a small number they winter already in England, moreover, they hibernate in the Sunda Islands and New Guinea. Deshcho stinks winter near the Radyansk Union.

Woodcock is a fox bird. The wines are inhabited by dense zmishani or leafy foxes with chagarnikovy pidseed, with hollows and swamps behind ancient springs and small rivers.

Woodcock lie down to polygamous birds: couples settle down to sound for one night and for the day they split up.

The current watering of woodcocks - the famous "draught" - often starts again for an hour and continues sometimes until the middle of the lime tree. The draught rises in the evening, after the sunset, if the day is here and you can only a little bit of the rest of the robins and thrushes. The male to fly over the fox halyavina troch is higher than the tops of the trees, seeing at the same time his own croak and a special whistle - chicane. The weather is warm with a dry plank, to grumble, the draft becomes brighter. The craving is three with breaks until the wind. At night, for example, near the forest tundra, at night the nights are even shorter, the cravings begin with bright sleepy lighting. Some females take their part in the polotah over the fox, but the stench only whistle at it, not grunt.

As soon as a current male feels the cry of a female, it takes a flight, lands and begins to watch the female on the ground.

The nest is sporadzhu by the female without the participation of the male. It fits most of all under the zahist chagarnik, beating the stump or the stovbur of a tree and masquerading as a gill or a bunch of grass that hangs over. Some nests dominate on the cuts in the middle of thick grass, or more likely to be placed in the open. Bud_vlya is even simpler - it's a shallow hole, hanging with stems, dry leaves and rotting.

The female lays 4 eggs (repeated claddings may have 2) of a ruddy or ocher-white color with ruddy and ruddy barvistimi (Table 2). After that, as the whole masonry was laid, nasidzhuvannya begins, as it is three times from 20 to 24 days. The female sits on the eggs, mayzhe not changing the position, and go only for a short hour before the evening days.

In times of insecurity, the female can transfer her chicks to another place. Birds or pull the bird on the big in the dzob, or press it between the body and bent raised metatarsus and fly with it.

The autumn rush of woodcocks begins not long before the first frosts and the fall of the first snow. In the Leningrad region, for example, flying birds watch from the middle of spring to the middle of the harvest, in Bashkiria the birds fly until the end of the harvest, in the Kharkiv region in the life of the birds, birds were seen even at the beginning of leaf fall.

Woodcocks are attached to the motherfucking bird. In the daytime, the stench is seen in different ukritty - middle hmizu and thick pіdsіdu. Vіdomy vipadok, if the woodcock hovavsya for a day at the hollow of the white root of the tree. Sometimes woodcocks sit on the tovst of trees or on chagarniki. At the fox, the woodcock is flying right and fast, freely tackling among the trees, but if it will, it’s less likely to move on the wings for short distances.

The main food of the woodcock is woodworms, as well as bugs and their larvae; I’m watching the woodcock, it’s important for additional sounding, zanuruyuchi dzhob at the ground. Some wines live and feed on the grass (for fresh milk, milkweed, buckwheat, etc.), but in a small amount.

AT pіrodina godwit(Limosinae) include birds with a long straight or curved down leg. These curlews, godwit and snipe-like godwit. They have dovgі, gostrі, but not the arc of a narrow krill, a short tail and a straight line or slightly rounded. Legs dovgі chi middle dozhina.

The stench nests in the pivnichny pivkul - Holarctic, for the winter they migrate to Africa and Madagascar, they also spend the winter in Pvdenny Asia and further islands to New Zealand and Australia. Traplyayutsya vzimku and on the islands of Polynesia.

At the nesting hour, it is possible to bachiti most importantly on various types of swamps, on blue water bows, on the steppes, and sometimes on forests, as well as on low water meadows of the snow tundra.

This pidrodyne has 13 species.

The largest representative of pidrodini - curlew(Numenius arquata): dozhina krill 28-33 cm, vaga 750-920 r. The females of the troch are larger than the males. The legs are long, the leg is long and thin, and the upper part of the leg is strongly bent down. In the distance, the birds rise to the ground, but the rear part of the back and the tail are white. In view of other types of curlews, krіm rozmіrіv, good vіdrіznyaєtsya odnomanіtny late crossed tіm'yam. Males and females are not distinguished by color. In view of the majority of other waders, they also have no seasonal dimorphism.

The Great Curlew nests in forest and steppe forests in Ireland and Norway on the slope to Transbaikalia. On the pіvnіch vіn extensions to Arkhangelsk and Salekhard, on the slopes only to the pіvnіchny edge of Baikal. Pivdenna between the widening of the waters of the Black Sea and the Aral Sea and Lake Zaysan.

The great curlew often winters in England, but the main mass of birds winters on the similar shores of Africa, on the shores of Pivdenny Asia and on the Great Sunda Islands. In the USSR, the great curlew has a small number of winters in Azerbaijan and at the gatherings of Turkmenistan. Birds roam here in the rice fields, among the saltworts on dry land. A number of birds, mostly non-state individuals, are depleted for an hour of summer in the wintering area and roam there with birds. Deyakі bachelor birds live on pіvnіch, but hibernate on the road, not approaching nesting.

The arrival on the territory of the European part of the SRSR is at the door. After the prilyot, strum games begin. The male rises on three winged wings obliquely uphill, flying in circles, seeing the whole hour full of trills, as if for an hour the roaring horse is guessing. Sometimes a streaming bird is caught up in one mist, three-winged wings, forging down and sometimes turning over at the same time through a beak.

Curlews nest, as a rule, in insulated pairs. Nests are built on orphaned bows and swamps, and Siberia has the greatest number of curlews in the fleece-sand steppe.

At the vlashtovanu in a small hole in the nest, there are 4 olive-green eggs with stormy patches. Eggs are laid with intervals of 1-3 days, and incubation is left fallow in the weather for 26-28 days. Chicks wiggle with a stretch of 2-4 deb. Nasidzhuyut offended members of the bet on the devil.

Inevitably, after the chicks have sprung up, they will migrate to the greater protection of the place. Then the enemies are settled, as if they are ready at the steppe meadows; In the middle of the day, the birds fly to the watering place and then they rest for a long time on the water, standing on one leg or lying on the neck.

From our country, the great curlews often appear near the linden, but the main span is near the spring.

The Great Curlew is a protective bird that greets the people back to the close. At every bird you see that melody “Kuї” is loud. On the land of wines to walk with non-watery crocks, for a long time hovering in the field. On the move, trim the toulub mazhe horizontally, with your head in your shoulders. The Great Curlew can swim.

Near the primeval parts of Primorye and the bay of the Karaginsky Bay on Kamchatka nests similar to the great distant curlew(N.madagascariensis). The sight of the Great Curlew is well seen in the presence of a white color on the back of the back and uppertail. Winters on the islands between Asia and Australia, in Australia and Tasmania. Nest in wide open moss and more grassy or peat bogs.

Thin-billed, abo maliy, curlew(N. tenuirostris) similar to the great one, it seems to be sometimes smaller in size (krill length 24-27 cm), as well as more short and thin crop. The area of yogo nests can be imovirno but brought to the deep swamp of the taiga of Western Siberia, where a sprat of nests was found (near Tari, for example). Individuals that do not nest will nest in the steppe regions of Kazakhstan and in the so-called Volzko-Uralsky sands. Winterings of this curlew are planted near the edges of the Mediterranean. The Maliy Curlew is a familiar or familiar bird. Admittedly, yoga nests have not been known for dozens of years.

Curlew(N. phaeopus) looks good in the sight of the great tim, which is black-tempered dark near the new one is divided in the middle with a light, late smoky shade and is covered with light eyebrows. The middle curlew is more for the great one, the dozhina krill yogo 22, 5-27 cm.

It nests in the SRSR near the forest tundrita in moss swamps from the Kola Pivostrov and Latvia to Anadir and Kamchatka, along the great ridges. The posture of our country's middle curlew nests near Europe and the beer garden of Pivnichnoy America. Winters are over the Mediterranean Sea and Pivdenno-Skhidny China and far away for a day to Tasmania and New Zealand, to the day of Africa and Pivdennoy America.

The smallest curlew of our country is so called curlew baby(N. minutus). Vіn deisno small - krill dozhina at the new one 16, 5-19 cm, the flank is short, lower at the other curlews, and there are only three bends to the bottom. For the zabarvlennyam dark, the curlew guesses the middle one. Vіn maє even a small area - along the crooked mountain basin of Yani and Kolimi. Podekudi there dosit zvichayny.

Tragic share Eskimo Curlew(N. borealis). Previously, they inhabited the tundra of Pivnichnaya America and wintered near the pampas of Pivdenny. Somehow flooding the Chukchi Pivostrіv and the Anadir basin.

Tsey bird, having recognized the unbounded pereslіduvannya on the passages. Zgraї tsikh dovіrlivih by maturity to the human bird gave on the ornih lands of the valley Mіssіsіpі miraculous opportunity to subdue them by the thousands. With a stretch of about three dozen years, the Eskimo curlews were blamed. The great significance of the catastrophic death of the eskimo curlews is not so much the change of landscapes in the areas of their winters, and the rosemary of the pampas itself. Tsikavo, who by mail until the accelerated development of arable farming in Pivdenniy America, having served in 1891 in the Volga region, after some grain was harvested from Russia. Those lands of Western Europe turned back to another post-warrior, the lands of Pivdennoy America. The remains of a small bird of the Eskimo curlews were stalked by springs in 1926 near Nebraska.

The Eskimo Curlew is more like a baby Curlew, looking at the details of the zabarvlennya. The krill dove is 20-21.5 cm.

Godwit(рід Limosa, 4 vidi) to make a straight line, or a little bent uphill, a leg and a long leg. The sultry tone of their plumage. The size is great.

At great godwit(L. limosa) tail of krill 19-24 cm, body 235-270 g. The head, neck, goiter and anterior part of the breasts of the rud are in the favorite bird. In the case of the plume, the contrast of the white base and the black top of the tail, in the case of the vech, was good, there was smuga on the wings. The Great Godwit from the SRSR from the Baltic to Altai and then from Vilyu to Anadir, Kamchatka and the Primorsky Territory (skhіdnі drіbnіshі dіbnіshі dіmnіshі zahіdnі). Vins of the inhabitants of Iceland and pivnich of Central Europe. Winters are in Africa, on the pivdni of Asia, and then on a pivdni to Australia. The arrival of the great godwit on the nesting place is near the quarter - on the cob of grass.

The main dwellings of the great godwit are siri bows near water, swamps overgrown with grass, and fireboxes on the grassy shores of lakes. In Kazakhstan, the nesting place for you to serve as a downfall of the steppe from the succulent grass.

The Great Godwit nests colonially and starts nesting near the same fate. In the wake of the lust, the males play at the door, flying back and forth over the breast for nesting, walking from the side to the side and strongly and loudly striking alternately now right, then the left krill, moreover, they see a cry similar to a spindle. Vtіm, in Western Siberia it is important that the great godwit shout the words “avdot, avdot”, and call which bird there the avdotka.

At once, with the spring strum, the male is engaged in the establishment of "hibnyh nests". Sometimes the female takes the fate of whom. Then one of these nests will be obtained and serve for laying eggs. At the last hoard there are 2 eggs, as both fathers incubate for 21-23 days.

For the first half of the summer, the great godwit eats more importantly at the steppe, where it serves as various ground clods, beetles, sometimes locusts, bare caterpillars of blizzards serve as the head rank. In the evenings, on the waterways, the godwit eats the larvae of swimmers and water-loving, water bugs, crustaceans, stavkiv. At їhnіh slunka zustrіchayutsya іnоіnі nіnnya rіznih roslin.

The autumn wind begins already, for example, a lime tree, but the greater number of birds is more important than the sickle - spring.

Maliye godwit(L. lapponica) even similar to the great, but it’s good to look at the new day of white swarms on wings and tim, that the tail of the new one in white and dark smugs or separations. The rudimentary color of the plumage is bright and thick, lower in the great godwit, and widening along the entire lower side of the body, including the nape. In addition, the black-tailed godwit can be smaller: the krill dorsum is 19-22 cm, the vaga is 195-275 rubles. The females of the troch are larger than the males and less clearly pofarbovani.

The Bar-tailed Godwit inhabits the tundra and forest tundra from the Scandinavian Pivostrov to Chukotka and the sunset of Alaska. Sutsilnoi area widen vins, maybe not. The black-tailed godwit often winters in the British Isles, and as a head rank in similar parts of Africa, on the islands of Indonesia, and often in Australia and New Zealand.

Nachebto snipe-like godwit(Masroramhus) total 2 see. The stench is similar to the godwit described earlier, but in the end they have little expansion, flattening, a short surface and a slightly pronounced middle furrow. Tsimi signs of dzhob snipe-like godwit in guessing dzhob snipe.

Asian snipe-like godwit(M. semipalmatus) floorings similar to the barwit, which, for a number of years, specimens of the bird in the collections of some museums, were taken for barwits. The winged wing of the described bird 17-18 div.

Tse rіdkіsny ptah, it is possible to wind the dying. The area is wide її surrounded by a small area on the pivdenny entrance of Western Siberia. The godwit nests in Mongolia in the area of Lake Orog-Nur, maybe near Dauriya, the belly of Lake Khanka in Primorye, and on the outskirts of the Qiqikar station near Pivnichno-Zahidny China. In the winter, tsai birds streak near Pivdenny Asia and on the Great Sunda Islands.

This monogamous bird nests on orphaned bows (in China - on dry ones). Birds nesting near Western Siberia have 2 eggs in the last deposit; birds that nest near China have -3 eggs. Fresh eggs in the nests were found in the first half of the wormwood.

American snipe-like godwit(M. griseus) dribnish for the front and light. The back part of the back of the new white, without strings, the front side of the neck and the goiter of the brown patches, the back of the krill 13.5 - 15 cm.

These birds inhabit the head rank of the tundra of Pivnіchnoi America. In the SRSR, the won is widened from the lower reaches of the Indigirka to the Chukotka Pivostrov. It is quite remarkable that the American snipe godwit in the SRSR gradually spreads to the west. In every case, in 1956 there was one female, and, moreover, with an overhead flame, she was seen on the way to the Deer, in the lower part of the river Anabar. Winterings of these birds are located in America and occupy the territory from the primeval parts of Pivnichnoy America to the coastal parts of Brazil and the sea coasts of Peru.

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