CREW CREW - Vіzki, in yakі sing to harness the horses. P. to. kolіsnі (harness horses, oxen, mulіv, camelіv and іn.) and sledge (sleigh) (harness horses, deer, dogs); single (double) and double (chotiricolic); bezresornі, napіvresornі and resorni; deafeningly and dishonestly. IN Middle Asia and the borders of the Near Skhod for the transportation of vantazhіv across the fields, crossed by ariks (ditches), vikoristovuyu two-wheeled arbi with wheel diameter up to 2 m. In the SRSR, three types of P. k. were vibrated: self-skids - one-weighted vantageopidyomnistyu 0.75 tons, two-weighted ones - 1.5 tons non-self-advocating - by 2 tons.
BSE

BUT
auto pumping - police on pneumatic tires
car drinker - natuvalka, water in the yak to come when the creature is pressed with its muzzle on a special valve
adaptation - adhering to the body of a creature to the minds of a superfluous medium (climate, minds of the mind and other.)
allure (French allure, lit. - Hoda) - a method of forward movement of a horse: natural gait (croque, rissue, amble, gallop) the horse collapses without forward guidance. Piece alyur (the head rank of the elements of the higher school of riding - piaffe, passage, school or spanish crochet rice, gallop on three legs, pіruet etc.) vibrate the horse for special training.
American - the old name of the goydalka (div. goydalka)
ammunist - accommodation in a stay for the protection of the kіnsk order
androni - with poles for transporting son
arba - 2 (4) wheeled vehicle, without springs, large diameter wheels
lasso - 1. Motuzka with a loop, which is dragged on in the end, for catching herd horses that thinness. 2. A short skein for linking and transferring blue and straw (forage lasso). 3. Motuzka with a loop, sheathed in linen, for tying a horse for an hour of transportation.
archak - wooden seat base

B
buggy - sports crew
balance (French balance - lit. vagi) - 1. A rice horse has a vrіvnovazhenіnі, scho sho show maximum zhavostі on the right move. 2. At the riding horse, when seen, the natural jealousy of a young horse, ruined by the horseman's masa, was confirmed.
balance (French balancer - rozgoduvati, hitatisya) - introduced in 1880. D. Filis has the right to the highest school of riding.
ball (French balle - cool) - a digital assessment of the results in certain types of cinema. sports (in wіddіl. show jumping, vіїzdtsі, voltizhuvannі, kіn. igrah).
banquet (English banket - earthen rampart) - mystic. pereskoda, on the yak the kin is guilty of stribnuti, and then stribnuti from the new one.
big - rozmovna called the trial of rice horses, as well as the subrome, de stinks are carried out.
Big Kolo - track for training and testing of rice.
toothless edges - The edges of the horse's cleft in the rest of the cut to the first chibno-root tooth.
bereytor (n_m. Bereiter) - 1. Naїznik, specialist in visor of riding horses. 2. Helper of a horse trainer at the circus.
berlin - different type of carriage
tankless - visa for the transportation of bulky cargoes without tare
biga - 2-wheel battle chariot near Ancient Rome
bidarka (stegno) - 4-wheeled wheelless crew
scourge - long-term batig for training at the arena
boxing - isolated accommodation at the school
shell - sled with critical top
bochennya - Damage to the straightness of the movement. Throw your hind legs not in the wake of your front ones, but a sprat sideways.
brack - 4 wheel springs for watering
breeches (eng. breeches) - trousers for horseback riding special. cut (wide in quilts and laces, which tightly fit the leg into gomilki).
chaise - 2-wheeled light road carriage; 4-wheel vintage carriage
bricannya - Hit the hind legs of the horse with the head rank.

IN
saddle pad (Ital. qualdrappa) - 1. Blanket made of cloth or oxamite, which is worn on the back of a horse under a seat or on a seat. 2. Cloth numbered friday (with starting number), which is stuck on haircuts.
Vinchik - the upper edge of the hoard, in view of which the horny wall grows downward.
upper river - kіn, which victorious under the seat.
sverbіnnya - Insertion into the horse's mouth, wooding while pulling on her bridle. It can be seen on a snaffle and a mouthpiece or on one snaffle.
vіzhki - long-term reins, zasіb management of a draft horse.
visa - critical sled
bullock's eyes - Large, round, straight set eyes.
jigs - div.
volt (French vlote - turn) - the figure of the arena, ruh on a stake with a diameter of b m.
vaulting (French voltiger - purhati) - a type of cine sport, gymnastic right on horseback, which collapses rice or gallop on a stake with a diameter of 12 - 15 m.
apex - a person who is riding on a horse or on an in.
vision - a show, a short-hour exhibition of a horse on a specially equipped maidan in front of a commission, purchases, peeps.
vidne kolo - equal maidanchik, possessions for horses to see.
vizdka - The training of a young horse, the development of a new mental reflex (rukhovy stereotype).
vitrebka - Canopies at the kobili.
vygodovvannya - 1. Kіn, vіdgodovaniy nashvidkuruch mіsivom for sale. 2. Losha, which grew up to one o'clock in the winter of a year.
in'yuchne saddle - special seat for transporting bags.

G
riding breeches - pants for riding, named after the French cavalry general Galif.
gallop - the horse's best-looking stripe-like gait in 3 cycles with a phase of free suspension.
ganache - cut the lower slit of the horse.
prancing (from Polish. garcowac) - ride on the tops of horses, show off, showing privacy.
gyr - easy two-wheeler
guitar (caliber) - near pre-revolutionary Moscow: dovgi tremtinnya
smooth haircuts - Testing the practice of tribal riding horses.
buckwheat - dark dark chickens on the wool of old light gray horses.
mane - dovge zahisne hair, as growth on the upper-posterior edge (comb) of the shii.
sternum - dovgasta cyst, to which the lower ends of the anterior seven-eight pairs of ribs are attached. The posterior five pairs of ribs are called hibni, the shards of the stench are attached to the sternum, and to the anterior pair of ribs. The remaining (13th) pair of ribs will freely end with cartilage at the m'yazah of the vertebral wall.
groom Groom
grooming - looking after wool.
grizzly - part of the mouthpiece, which lies at the horse's mouth on the toothless edge of the lower slit.
tug - a loop on a yoke, which zastosovuyut at the arc harness.
horse-drawn transport - transportation of passengers and passengers on wagons and sledges harnessed by horses and others. tight creatures.

D
giggle - 2-wheeled resource ticket for 2 persons
stall - completely close the place at the flock for an individual mating of the horse.
derby (eng. Derby) - the head prize, which is played for 1780 rubles. at Epsomskomu іpodromі in England for 3-brіchnyh stallions and kobil of thoroughbred riding breed.
derby - rocking chair with spring
jigitivka (Turkic dzhigit - maisterny and vіdvazhny leader) - a haircut, at the hour when a leader jumps from a horse and again sits on a new one, lifts objects from the earth and vikonuє a number of іn. gymnast right acrobat. tricks.
stagecoach - 4-wheeled carriage for the transportation of passengers, mail
path (prof.) - the name of the big and racing stake.
great dane - 2-coloured, open-air
dogcart - 4-wheeled carriage for the transportation of myslivsky dogs
dovgusha (dovgusha) - 4-wheeled crew on long roads
dormez - carriage for sleeping at the door
dragoons (French dragon - dragon) - a type of cavalry, which was founded in the armies of a number of countries.
training - the last straightening of the attraction of creatures to the sing of them in the singing minds of the foldable, varied activities, the necessary service, on the watering of the skinny.
firewood - wooden sleigh
drogues - the front end and back of the wagon, tied with drizhinas (dovgoy vіz) without a body.
droshky - drags, 4-wheel bezresorny vіzok; short drogs for driving near the city.
arc - a part of the Russian harness, which creaks a collar (for help of tugs) with shafts and helps to spit on the horse the cart.
dibi - lifting the horse in a vertical position on the hind legs.
dishel - Parokon. harness attachment, mіtsna zherdina, z'ednana from the middle of the front of the vіzka, the crew.

E
health - In the army there is a soldier, wielding his kinmi, harnessed to a cart, a wagon or an artillery armor.

F
harness - a developed bunch of straw or sin, to zastosovyt for rubbing the back of the horse and kicking the horse after the work, as well as for the brood, which dried up to the hair, before brushing the horse with a brush or a pilosus.
horse - a child of a horse before the wedding is called a pissant, after the wedding - a bird, then a riverman, a pivtornik and a courtyard.
foal - vagіtnіst horse.
jockey (eng. jockey) - specialist, prof. who is engaged in training and racing trials of horses of riding breeds.
jockey - the jockey's headdress, a colorful round cap with a visor, which tightly fits his head.

W
check-in - 1. Trying out the risaks that run in the goydal shoes or under the saddle path at a set distance. 2. Change directly at the arena without teeth.
visit - Pochatkovy period of bringing a horse to a ride in a harness or under a saddle, ordering the will of a horseman or a rider.
rejection - 1. The horse’s long run is in the wrong direction, where the rider sends it. 2. Zupinka or sadzhennya horse for an hour of sports. zmagannya before the transition.
shackling - ushkodzhennya sensitive fabrics accumulate incorrectly clogged with flower flowers.
twist
twist - a loop from a skein of an orphan belt on a wooden handle for fixing restless horses under the hour of veterinary dressing, forage too thin.
chain up - 1. Two front cuts on the upper and lower slits of the horse. 2. The front part of the kіnskogo kopit (also called the zachіpnoy part).

І
vіznik - the coachman of the hired crew for the transportation of passengers.
index - Numerical values ​​that characterize the creature's status. For the calculation of that number, the index needs to take anatomically tied promir, for example, for the calculation of the index format - the length of the coat and the height at the scruff of the neck is thin.
imperial - another on top in omnibuses
pacer - I don’t draw, but amble, after the nature of the powerful one.
amble - swedish symmetrical gait of a horse with double-pitched poles and a phase of free flight.
subdrome (Greek hippos - kin and dromos - big, place for big) - a complex of spores for testing horses and cynnosports zmagan, exhibitions and breeding horses.

Before
convertible - 2-wheeled crew without caps
cavalryguardi (French cavalier - leader and garde - protection) - a privileged regiment of important guards cavalry to become a urochist. in vipadkah honorary protection of the osіb іmperatorіv, prizvishcha. From 1799 to 1917, the warehouse of the Russian Guards was completed.
cavalry (French Cavalerie) - kinnota, one of the main types of land wars from deep antiquity to another light war.
cavaletti (Ital. cavaletti) - keys, a passage at the looking poles 15-20 cm high with crosses on the ends.
camisole (n_m. Kamisol) - uniforms of robes for naїznikіv and jockeys for іpodromnih viprobuvan horses, ring out a jacket or a shirt of a scary zabarvlennya.
Kalisha - different type of carriage
capsule - capsule, attachment, which does not allow the horse to open its mouth wide. Discipline the horse, make it easier to care for it. Include up to a set of headbands for riding horses and bridles for risakiv.
coach - closed comfortable crew
car'er - the most common of all types of alura, which is characterized by a number of stribkopodіbnyh ruhіv with one-hour sharp bending of the toulube across and the wines of the rear ends in front of the front ones. On the shears of purebred upper horses, pass 1 km fast, lower for 1 min (light record - 53.6 s).
rocking chair - light wheeled carriage for training and subdrome trials of risaks, the main type of large crews, which are used for flying large droshky.
hearse - funeral vіzok
rocking chair - 2-wheeled light sports visor
bonnet - English. hood "hood, bonnet, crew top, bird's coat, cap, hood, cowl, engine hood", which turned into a metal surface, which hides the mechanism of the car to the beast.
quadriga - 2-wheel battle chariot near Ancient Rome
cab (cab) - 2-wheel critical crew
canter - shortening of the polov gallop, the main training gait of racehorses.
wagon - 4-wheel wagons riding on skeletons with twigs
cowboy (eng. cowboy, type cow - cow, boy - lad) - kіn. shepherd who guards the great flock horned thinness and finished Volodye spec. horseback riding.
kuvannya - Attached to the hoard of a horse and a slave. creature.
goats - a seat for a coachman on a sleigh.
chariot - 2-wheel combat and sports visor
colic (Greek kolike - intestinal ailment) - attack the pain in the abdomen with characteristic oval manifestations.
collimage - 4 wheeled crew
stroller - 4-wheeled comfortable crew
cognac - 1. Lyudina, occupied with breeding horses. 2. Since 1980, the official name of the groom is planted.
horsemeat - kіnské m'yaso.
show jumping - konkurippik (French. Concours Hippique - kіn. zmagannya) - for a wide rozumіnі every cіnno-sports zmagannya. In our country, there is a lot of hemlines of various shifts.
konka - rack-and-pinion car
show jumping field - maidanchik for zmagan іz podlannya pereshkod.
cinematographer - 1. Lyudina, yak works with kinmi or occupies kin. sports, top. 2. Cavalier.
konuvav - a veterinarian-remіsnik, who is engaged in the lead rank of castration of stallions and males in. rural creatures.
groom - 1. Fighter-cavalryman, who accepts horses from other military servicemen with help. 2. Peresichny military service officer, who was entrusted with watching over the commander’s horse.
countercanter - Rukh, when the leader is leading a gallop from the old (professional) legs, for example, from the right, when the volta is full.
kin - 1. Synonymous with the word kіn, which can be part of the tracts. vіdtinok. 2. The cavalry K. got used to replacing the word gelding.
groom - a robot worker, taking care of the stones, their anniversaries and watering, as well as the resting robots. Under the guidance of the coach, I take part in the training of the young.
flock - a place for mating robots and pedigree horses. Most of the time, noblemen have internal planning.
hoard - the hard tip of the horse's finger, which reveals the azures of the hut creatures.
korіnnik, korіnny kіn 1. A trike harness has a middle kin, harnesses in shafts, as a rule, a risak. On the offended sides of K., jump on the shores. 2. At the guy's harness with a harness - l., harnessed in a shaft. 3. At the cart harness (four in a row) - l. middle bet that there was a dish. 4. At bagatokin. harnessed in a train - l. Ring in the quality of K. vikoristovuyut strong and massive l.
anniversary - Attachment for giving stern.
cant - At the herd. horse riding group of 20 - 25 kobils and stallions, released on pasture.
leggings- 1. Significant firm freebies from zastіbkami, which were zastosovulysya earlier at the upper їzdі. 2. The trumpets at the mittens, which are victorious on the bigs (sometimes K. incorrectly call the mittens with the trumpets).
cryptorchid - a nut, a stallion, in which 1 or 2 symphytes are not lowered into the scrotum, but hung in the empty body through the inguinal canal.
cross (eng. cross - cross over, go over) - a haircut with crossing codes for crossing the mass.
croup - part of the crypt of the back, seen across to the base of the tail; the trioma's denials with adult cross-ridges, pelvic bones and muscles that dress them.
crack (eng. Crack) - the best racing abo risist throw at the school, as well as for an hour of haircuts or arrivals.
kumis - drink kobil from milk, which is taken as a result of mixed alcohol-lactic fermentation.
coupe - 4-wheel closed spring crew

L
landau - 4-wheel carriage with reversible top
landaulet - lighter landau
lasso (French lasso) - a lasso of cowboys, a windbreaker up to 30 m with a forged loop.
levada - obgorodzhene mystetstv. shepherd for l. with an area of ​​2 - 4 ha, which is technological. with a modern bow. cultural horse breeding.
lei (prof.) - overlays from soft shkіri or shkіrozamіnnik, like sewn on pants for riding at the places of the greatest rub: on the seat, the inner surfaces of the stegon and kolіn.
lytsі (prof.) - two roses bring a double eye of 6 m, like vicorist when young animals arrive, with robots with stallions-virobniks and probes, and also with strict l. The leather from the breeders trimmed one lead and, if necessary, allowed him to go to such a place, sob, turning his back, he couldn’t hit him with his hoard.
tree - the base (frame) was made of wood and metal, on which to fasten the railing of one part.
leader (eng. leader - leading, kerivnik) - a participant in sub-drome trials, a kind of amazing haircut.
line - 4 wheeled buggy crew
lira - rocking-record holder
horse - a hybrid, otrimaniy from the crossing of a donkey and a stallion.
cibuli - a shackle that fits the right and left of the bench.

M
majara - great visa
malpost - postal carriage
arena (French manege) - open or closed maydanchik for riding.
martingale - Dod. privіd, scho does not allow horses to lift their heads for an hour of chaos.
suit - one of the head signs of a horse. More precisely, the choice of suit, in order with the description of the butt, allows you to lift one horse from another. The suit is the sign of the horse and is distinguished by the color of the crooked hair of the head, neck, body and endings and the zahisty hair of the mane, tail and shield.
uterus - kobila, who victorious for votvorennya. The mother of a mother horse is a mother, a mother is a growing suckling horse and unfriendly is a horse.
max - 1. Completion of the cycle of the galloping of the horse, which consists of 3 cycles. 2. The name of the wide free rice, as a way to stop the rice training for an hour.
menka nig (prof.) - shortened name right - change nig to gallop.
Merin - castrated stallion. Geldings are widely vicorated like working horses.
bug fight - Complex. zmagannya, in which the participants zmagayutsya in a number of (2 - 3 and more) sports. In film sports, the widest type of rich fight is triathlon, which is to be carried out for a new short program. As a rule, it is impossible to carry out a sexual trial (for example, a charge), at a closed occupant, organize a double fight, which includes a manege ride and a change of dress.
moklok - a hillock at the anterior-lateral part of the horse's croup, the cystic basis of what makes the sweating of the krill of the club brush.
biting biting - pіdsіd, povyakdenny name scorched shkіri (dermatitis) on the back and bіchnіy surface of the horse's tangle.
young growth - the horses did not reach the full development of the body: vіdluchki, rіchoviki, pіvtorniki, pіdіrіchki, trirіchki and chotirіrіchki. horses - total 0.6 - 0.7 hp The valuable work of the horses is the strength to a short-hour significant reduction in tightness. Heavy haulers develop the maximum tension for the increase in tractive power with sufficient traction, and risaks - for the increase in traction with low traction.
mule (lat. mulus) - a hybrid, a native of the domestic lizard and kobili.
mouthpiece (Нім. Mundstuck) - a special wood with beech cheeks, which is more powerful after pouring into the horse's mouth.
mouthpiece headband - bridle, recognized for koristuvannya mouthpiece. On the top of the snaffle headband, there is a shoulder strap, which is used to fasten the mouthpiece, and another, mouthpiece attachment.
mustang (English mustang) - wild covers of domestic horses, brought to America by European colonists in the late 15th and next centuries.
instant - Posilannya horse with a specific malignant sound - thick pricks.
mishasta suit - hair on the trunk of a horse of a teddy-bear or a poppy-coloured color, on the head, lower parts is darker, a forelock, a mane and a tail, as well as a belt, spit on the shoulder blades and a swirl on the legs are dark.

H
narti - Lightweight sleigh (dogs and reindeer can be harnessed in them)
rotten - firm and rare sightings of creatures, incl. zmіshanі іz pіdstylkoy.
whip - Spochatku - Nagayska, tobto. Tatar batig, short tovst batig with belts, which zastosovut for strengthening the horse at the top of the horse without spurs, cossacks.
eyecups - shori, shields of various designs for headbands (napіvzakritі, zakritі, blenders) that surround the field of the horse's gap.
naznik - specialist in training and testing of rice horses.
tent - the Cossack woman called the gallop.
headphones - special caps, yak, put on the nerves of the nervous, suffocating risaks and riding horses during subdrome trials.
halter - a bridle without a bit, the subject of a pack, appointments for the mating of a horse on a leash (for an additional chambura).
boots - zahisnі pristroї, scho zabіgayut operational injuries of the lower part of the horse's legs, t.z. choke up.

Pro
deafly - Single. a harness attachment at the sight of 2 straight or curved metal poles, connected with the ends of the front axle of the cart or the front of the sleigh. Harness the horse to put between the shafts.
headband - the main part of the Kіnsk order, which is dressed on the head of a horse and allows you to manage it, those who are a bridle.
Oder - an ironic name for an old, thin, feeble horse.
odnokolka - 2-wheeled light crew of sings - the same name accumulates rheumatically inflamed.
odr (oder) - the old name of the carriage of the day - the horse's move back, one of the arena right, zastosovuvanih at the hour of the day and how to enter the program zmagan.
Olonetsky Koliska - kіnі burdens without wheels (Equus asinus) - fіdrid kіnskih, scho includes wild and domestic creatures.
omnibus - 4-wheeled route crew
aftermath - grass that has grown after cutting or cutting.

P
passage (French passage, lit. - pass, pass) - one of the main elements of the current school of riding, shortened, already selected that rhythmic pattern.
piaffe (French piaffer - to dance, to beat the land with a hoard) - one of the main rights of the current school of riding, shortened, ribbed, high and rhythmic drawing on the floor.
feasts (French piroutte) - to the right to enter the program with a visa; vikonuetsya in 2 following columns, radius, which is the same as the old corps l. With each front and lateral hind leg, the hind leg collapses along the inner hind leg, which is all around the turn.
brought - lead, belt, fastened with kints to the ring of the snaffle or the mouthpiece, one of the main means of controlling the horse, straightening and adjusting the yogo movement.
visa - 4-wheel transport zasib
water - vintage vіzok
pіdkovi - metal plates, which are attached with flowers to save a horse to intimidate the horn from erasing that break.
parrot - part of the kіnsk order, wide mіtsny belt zі shkіri abo іn. Heaps the body of the horse from below and from both sides and mounts on a new saddle (for draft horses - a saddle). Deyaki vidi sat maut 2-3 p.
bedding - straw, peat or tyrsa, with which to cover the pіdlogue in the stall or stіylі (verstati) when the horses are killed by the sty.
police - vintage carriage with platform-like body
napivvolt - pіvkolo, as the verschnik describes, vykonuyuchi zaїzdi right-handed or left-handed back. also VOLT.
thoroughbredness - Purebred.
sedan chair kinny - no stretcher, no wheels
posil - sponkayuchi dії on the horse, scho zamushuyut yogo zbіshiti swidkіst stribka or bіgu (for example, when wrestling at the finish line).
Friday - a part of the saddle and collar, which lies close to the body of the horse, is prepared from the ground. Pom'yakshuє vice on the skin and pick up pet.
sewing - wide village sleigh
bite - One of the filthy little stars, if you throw with a thick characteristic sound, you will wrap it again, spiraling with your upper cuts on the edge of the year, the ledge of the wall, cymbalina and the like, biting them.
prisruga - part of a goat's and sports saddle, tying to the archak is a short (about 30 cm) belt, to which they attach a girdle.
wiring - leading the horse to the drive. To shy away with different moves, in order to demonstrate the quality of the horse’s ruin to the fakhivtsy and the buyers, which they appreciate, and also to show the culture, the brokenness of the heart and the work of the heart when the horse is trimmed with a windmill.
proletka - 4 wheeled crew 2 mission crew
notch - a mark at the sight of a swarthy white outside, to pass over the transfer of the horse.
puto - grandmother, the lower part of the horse's tip, the first phalanx of the finger.
way - a motuzka, which the grandmothers of the horse's front legs tie (stray).

R
root site - part of the seat, belt, on which the stirrup is raised.
rozvyazka - motuzka, belt or lansyug, appointments for fixing a horse in the aisle of a school for cleaning, kuvannya thinly, and also for the hour of choosing a stall.
rozvyazki - additional reins, fastened with the upper points on the ring of the snaffle, and with the lower ones fastened on the saddle of the edge.
rosemary - a kind of training and subdrome rice, close to the pace of that sequence of moving a horse to the swing and chewing rice.
cleaning up - 1. Visible with a hoarding knife, with pliers and a rasp, the stalk of a mature hoofed horn and hoarding rules. form. 2. Cleansing accumulates in the form of sticky wood and pus with a hack, or with a wooden knife, while cleaning up a horse.
reprise (French repeise - repetition), when training a horse, part of the occupation, at the hour of some kind of kіn collapses with a song gait, for example, a reprise of a given crochet - 3 min, R. middle rice - 10 min.
rodeo (Isp. rodeo). 1. Zmagannya cowboys, which include riding on the necessary horses, lasso, for example, throwing yoga on a whip, what to live, and so on. 2. Showing what to give

With springs. On the back, the body was suspended on belts, then springs began to wink for the driver (from the ear of the 18th century), and from the ear of the 19th century, the springs began to wink. Most often they were victorious for special coronation, wanting to start victorious in Europe, like a public transport. Butt - stagecoach, omnibus and chaise. With the widest type of stagecoach, you can take a mail carriage.

Etymology

The word "carriage" came to Russia at once from German carriages (new. karette), If, from the middle of the 17th century, stinks began to be imported en masse by German merchants and became more and more popular among the Moscow nobility. Nayimovіrnіshe, that the word got accustomed and earlier in order with other broader words for that hour (for example, “kolimaga”), before that, the word was victorious in Ukrainian, Old Slovak and Polish language.

Div. also

Notes

Posilannya

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additions). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• - Article from the Tlumach Dictionary of Living Russian Movies by Volodymyr Dal

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Synonyms:

Publications

Encyclopedia of car-free life in Russian literature

Before the wine traffic of cars and the widespread transshipment, the cost of getting more expensive at far (and not far) distances in Russia was mostly carried out on horse carriages. The encyclopedia of Russian non-motorized transport in literature was compiled by Sofia Bagdasarova.

Volodymyr Sollogub in the story "Serezha" wrote: “From rushing the viz - the youth of the Russian roads is violent; the axle is reloaded in the chaise, like a Saratov helper for obid; the axis proudly protrudes a wide carriage, like a rich vіdkupnik; axis dormez, axis vіzok, and behind them tovst merchant stagecoach, sipping fourteen cups of tea at the post office yard ". In Russia, it was true that there were impersonal types of crews, which, before that, were prepared in different regions in their own way. Also, the stench was divided for recognition, design and status of the vlasnik.

B - Brichka

This is the word of the Polish pojzhennya, it means a light chotyric path, sometimes without resor. The body of the britzka was instantly buti yak vіdkritim, i closed it: shkiryanim, weaving chi derev'yanim.

Having risen in price for the bricci itself head hero"Dead Souls" by Mikoli Gogol - Pavlo Ivanovich Chichikov. Yogo chaise was bula “to finish the harn, resorna”, and that’s the same with frills: the top of the body was “the top of the body was pulled up with shkiryanim firnki with two round endings, which were marked at the sight of the road views”. It was quite a decent road carriage for such an official, like Chichikov, who was in high rank, high and, as they would say today, "not of a representative class."

Possibly, a lot of Russian classics described the britzka as a vkrai galaslivy transport. The brichka of Leo Tolstoy sang, at Sholokhov’s she made up a gurkotila, and Oleksandr Serafimovich wrote that “an intolerable bryazkіtne bryazkit hovered behind her.” David Burliuk, consecrating the verses to the birds with an unbearable voice, tearing them apart from the old broken brichka.

V - Vizok

Sergiy Ivanov. Holopi boyars. 1909. Collection of Rostropovich and Vishnevskaya

The term vikoristovuvsya for a winter type of transport - a crated cart on skids. Praise the visor for warmth, it’s comfortable in the sky, you can go lying down - “roll around at the cart with farmer blankets” (Amphitheater). Vіn "reinforced with feather beds, pillows and іn." (Viktor Shompulev). By the end of the day, yoga could be upholstered with a witch's trick, so that it didn’t blow, and in the middle they could be trimmed with red cloth or oxamite.

Fyodor Koni buv vaudeville "Carriage, or According to the cloth wilt, wisely see off" about the importance of transport for prestige.

K - Kibitka

Mikola Sverchkov. Caught in a storm. timing

In a word, zapozichennym among the nomads, among Russia they called kriy vіzok. Often she has a top on the arcs and in a moment she appears - like a “grandmother's cap” (Mikola Teleshov). A wagon is good - it means, “with a spacious dziґom and a hanging matting overhang” (Ivan Lazhechnikov) or “with a shkiryan on top and a tightly fastened apron” (Pavlo Melnikov-Pechersky).

Himself in a trembling kibitz, їhav Radishchev: “Lying in the kibitz, my thoughts turned into an unworldly world. Seeing the earth spiritually, it seemed to me that the strike of the wagon would be easier for me.

Vyazemsky consecrated the tsiliy vіrsh, even more evil: “And this casemate is rickety, / A roaring tse katuvannya, / Yaku is called: a kibitka.” Pushkin's greatest life: "Suffer fluffy vibes, fly the bunny wagon." From the other side, at their “Road scargs” in the stack: “Which for a long time did I walk in the world / Now in a carriage, then tops, / Now in a kibitz, then in a carriage, / Now in a cart, then pishki?”

K - Stroller

Mikola Sverchkov. Riding in a carriage (Olexandr II with children). Yaroslavl Art Museum

In Russia, under the "vizkami" they understood the impersonal sights of spring air crews. For example, different types of carriages were used as a landau and a phaeton. In Europe, navpaki, a specific type of fashionable carriage was called a “carriage”.

The carriage became the heroine of Gogol's eponymous story: the hairdresser boasts there that she is light like a pir'їnka, and resori like this, nіbi "nurse you at the Goydal Kolisti". The result shows that the boast is empty. Consecrating the same verse to Vyazemsky: “The carriage is easy to rush, / It is easy to rush the mind with it.” Garniy vіzok - nourishment to prestige: Dolly Oblonska and її the coachman shy away from her old, patched crew on an hour's visit to the village of Vronskoe.

Lіd i ya (wondering at the window). Check! What is a visa? Merezhivo! What did maman take for me? Yaka beauty, yaka rose! Ay! I choke. Tse not vіzok, tse mriya. You can suffocate while sitting happily by your own vіzku. What is wrong with me?

Oleksandr Ostrovsky. "Say pennies"

Everything ends with technical progress: “An elegant stroller, in an electric battle, / Elastically rustled along the highway peep” (Igor Severyanin).

L - Lando

The carriage, named after the German city, was chotirimic, with a horseback, which is lifted, turning it into a carriage for the carriage. Zhukovsky at the "Poїzdtsі na maneuveri" rozpovidaє, as if they were inspired to say: "There, here, landau vpertiy; / Let the ladies turn over, / Move with them / Without ceremony to the other, / And destroy the empty one yourself.

A beautiful foreign word meant a fashionable form of transport, obov'yazkovy people from the household. The hero of Mamin-Sibiryak needs the same landau, to "show us that I can ride, like everyone stinks."

Grigorovich reads: “Skіlki vitrat, my God, skolki vitrat! I had a chance to hire new horses and exchange our carriage for a landau; to the people of the home camp it is no longer possible to show off in the evenings at the music; this is how it is already accepted in Peterhof” (“Misto and Village”).

C - Sani

Ivan Pelevin. Children on a sleigh. 1870. Nizhny Tagil Museum of Imaginative Art, Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region

One more zasіb peresuvannya, which has been registered in poetry for a long time. “I trampled the shafts, chek the sleigh, / If you harness them” (Zhukovsky); “To the town of Ryazan / Three sledges are rolled, / The sleigh is rozvaln / The arches are painted” (May) and so on. At the sight of the ancients, at the sleigh you can commemorate not only the villagers. The nobles ride on wet sledges and ride with them, lying down more tightly and wrapping themselves in the warmth of empty carpets.

In any hour of fate	Excursions around Moscowwalks
Gift Certificates for Walks in Moscow Give your friends a completely new place	10 sickle, saturday 13:00 Preobrazhenka: Petrivska Moscow Mіsce zustrіchі: m. "Preobrazhenska Ploshcha", the rest car from the center, left-handed to the end, and then right-handed, beating the entrance at the curses of the business center 11 serpn, week 13:00 Nova Basmann Mіsce zustrіchі: m. "Chervoni vorota", belya monument to Lermontov Guided tour by Oleksandr Ivanov

Thursday, 29 March 2012

If we read books about Moscow, we constantly bachimo vіznikіv - vanek, reckless. Who were the stench? In addition, the impersonal zasobiv of transferring - strollers, chaises, droshky, calibers, slings are thin. What did they stink about one kind of one? Let's try to understand why and how to prostrate the history of private life in pre-revolutionary Moscow.

The Russian transport of Russia has passed the past century in the hands of the vizniks. Vіznik - vіznik, which works for hiring. If the earnings are lucrative and, if it is equal to other professions, it will be significant. Ale postupovo tram, car and bus vytіsnili yogo z mіsta. At Moscow 1645 p. їх Bulo is close to 2 yew, 1775 r. - 5 yew, 1838 p. - 8 yew, 1895 - 19 yew, 1914 - 16 thousand, 1928 - 5 thousand, in 1939 - 60 thousand. (!).

As a rule, workers from the lower camps became workers - mostly peasants who applied to the city for work, but they didn’t know their own job at factories, factories, trade enterprises, military soldiers, etc.
A great boon will drink on them, for this it was necessary to introduce parking lots, license plates, a system of organizing tariffs. There were no single tariffs for the payment of the services of the workers, and the leather, asking for a passenger's insole, if you want, and then the stench was already bargained.

For all vizniks, the rules were prescribed, and if they were violated, penalties were imposed:
— Vіznik is to blame for his mother's license plate.
- The license plate of the mav buti was nailed to the vydpovidny mist.
- Zupinka is less for singing missions.
- The crew of the mav is clean and indestructible.
- The caftan of the vіznik maw buti is decent.
In addition, they happened to go through the police to look around the crew, after all, because everyone put a seal on it.
Іsnuvali and obmezhennya for vіkom for vіznikіv-vіd 18 to 65 rokіv. In a special row, it was indicated that the viznik was guilty of a strict behavior. Tsya vimoga did not win everywhere, especially in collection.

B. Kustodiev. "Viznik (reckless driver)"

Tipi vіznikіv
Miski vіzniki pod_lyalis on vanek, reckless and schos promizhne - alive. Vanka was the name given to the noble peasant, who, having come to the city to earn money, sounded the charge, in the words of Nekrasov, for “obstration and frostbite” and with a free visa and withdrawal. At the scorcher, navpaki, buv garniy, zhvavy kin and chapurny crew.

Vanka
"Vankas" were without rights, and those who were eager to profit for their rahunka were forever. "Traditions" of the modern DAI were not found in an empty place. Evgeniy Ivanov, a butlerist of Moscow life, at the book “Vluchne Moskovskoe slovo” induces a summary viguk of a vіznik-“vanka”: “Skin day on mіstovy vitrata. The axis of the statues is heavenly! Significantly part of the income of the “vanka” was given the master’s visa today, with whom they stood at the billet. Moreover, the sum was sounding fixed. The shortfall was recorded for the voucher, and often the wine turned to the native village not with a surplus, but with the Borg.

reckless
At the other pole of the vіznitskoї ієrarchії boules "reckless". They had good looking horses, varnished carriages, often on dutik tires. Likhachi, as a rule, practiced on themselves, roaring on rich clients. Officers, cavalry with wives, and wealthy merchants rode on "reckless drivers". Hired їх and different adventurous people and went through, like it was required to “put a pill in your eyes” or else get a good zvіdki. The scorchers appeared on the streets before the offensive, but they worked all night long. Theatres, restaurants, hotels - the axis of the main points, de stinks checked their customers. For a trip "with the wind" "reckless" asking for no less than 3 rubles, likewise "vanka" taking 30-70 kopecks for a trip. The “reckless driver” could afford to choose a fiancé, and the income from the new one was significant, the wealthy gentlemen who went after the theater had fun with the actresses, did not skimp, they often hired a stroller for the whole night. The carriages with a high-mounted horseback were priced, they could not be afraid of indiscreet glances at their drinks. In the midst of their own aristocracy, "dearlings" or "pigeons with a ringing" were respected, as if they were small on their crews of melodic bells. And the name of them resembles the famous coachman's viguku: "Oh, pigeons!".

Clothes that form of viznikiv

The suits of the vizniks were restored by the orders of the city administration. The stench wore an ungrabbed kaptan “on fantas”, that is, on two shirks in the back, with a sash around it, and bright drops from a buckle, which gave him the appearance of old guild styles on the cob of the nineteenth century. The reckless people loved frivolities, dressing their uniforms with furs from an expensive fox farm and climbing into the winter hour to replace a ram's hat, which is significant for the profession, into the right "beaver".
Lomov small Russian shirts, vests, large aprons and caps, and the collection of the same hats and "backs", or cotton jackets. The oldest suit is kaptan, aloe with a brandy stuffed with a strand and “spread” with sly late furrows behind. Vіd such vbrannya vіznik, scho dіyshov z goat, showing himself as a phenomenon of the Hottentot folding.
The license plate was worn earlier on the back, with a brace, and later on they began to nail it to the rear of the crew.

B. Kustodiev "Vizniki", 1920.

See the crews
Crews were victorious in different forms: carriages and carriages shed a lot of views, chaises, droshky, lines too thin. At Moscow, the orders of the Governor-General D.V. Golitsina is a singing sign for the crew, so the titles are “caliber”. Ale wide zastosuvannya prinovvedennya not nabula.

strollers
Forgive me for the sake of light crews of strollers. On the vіdmіnu vіd vіd carriages body, they have bvіdkritiy, but with a vіdkidnim top. Carriages were harnessed by a couple of three horses, more rich people, to Troykurov’s quarters at “Dubrovsky”, Andriy Bolkonsky’s at “War and Peace” and the governor’s donka at “Dead Souls”, they rode six by the carriage.
At home, Gogol's "Carriage" rose, in which guests they show the master, who, having hung in front of them, has a new visa. In Chekhov's "The Enemies" the importance of carriages and carriages is an important characteristic of the social and moral identity of the characters. A wealthy assistant calls for a doctor at the wheelchair. If you say that the viklik is hibnim and uncommon, the doctor, whose son has died so well, hangs his foolish assistant, after which he instructs the lackey: “Pishov, tell me that this pan was given a carriage, and they told me to lay down the carriage.” The carriage supported the material advantage of the helper over the doctor.

Stroller

Varieties of chapurny mіsk carriages with a horseback, as it turns out, were phaeton and landau.
Landau (through French landau vіd nygo. Landau (er)) - easy chotirim_sny vіzok with dahom, which folds forward and backward. The name took on the form of the name of the place Landau near Nimechchina, which was found in the XVIII century.
Comfortable landaus on springs and different pneumatic tires were always worn by luxurious, "women's" crews. Dosі vikorivuyutsya like fіakrita at the front vipadki.
Passenger seats have been rearranged in two rows, one to one.
The design of the landau did not allow passengers to ride a horse, and a coachman was needed for that.
Vikoristovuvalis like soft turning gears, і zhorstkі znіmnі elements.

Let's put it together and put it together.

Chaises
A brichka is a light chotyric-coloured carriage for the transportation of passengers from the 17th century. The body of the moment buti yak vіdkritim, and zakritim і kripivsya on two elіptichnyh springs. The top was robed with shkiryanim, we weave chi derev'yanim, and insulated yogo; there were models without a top.
Even though the britzka was easy to finish, it looked like long trips - so you can judge by your britz, de roses in Russia Chichikov. The top of the body of the chichikivsky bricci, tobto its own kind, marks over the saddle, buv "the board is pulled up with shkiryanim firnki with two round ends, which are marked at the sight of the road views." On the goats he entrusted the coachman Selifan with the footman Petrushka. The chaise tsya bula "to finish the garn, resorna."

Brichka.

One or two horses were harnessed to the britzka. The coachman immediately sits on the goats and entrusts the passenger.
For a long time there were no antediluvian britzkas - such a boy Egorushka has such a boy at the Chekhov's "Step".
In our hour, a simple one-kiln, light vozok is called a chaise.

Drіzhki
Drіzhki took away their name from the descriptions of more drogіv - long beams, which hurt the axles. On the back of my head I was already a primitive vіzok: on a board, I put it to the beast, I had to sit on horseback or sideways. A similar kind of tremtain was sometimes called shaking. Pіznіshe tremtіnnya got better, knew the resori and the body. So three dozens of times they took the name of the stroller, for similarity. Ale, no old, no more perfect tremtinnya for a ride on a particularly old age did not win. Tse buv is more important than the Russian crew. The mayor at the "Revizori" їde to the hotel on a droshky, Bobchinsky is ready to pіvnem go after him, squawking to marvel at the inspector. At the advancing city, the mayor on the droshky with Khlєstakov, and not the vista of Dobchinsky ... At Gogol's old-world assistants, there was a trinity with a majestic shkiryan apron, which seemed to remind of wondrous sounds.

Drіzhki.

Prolotki
Miska vіzki droshky were called prolifny and inexplicably shortened their name to the word "PROLITKA". Such a light double crew with springs and horseback, which can be lifted, could be seen in the places of the SRSR in the 1940s. Viraz "hat to the vіzniku" meant "to go to the vіznitsa strait", vzimku - on the sanchats of vіzok of a similar design.

Viznik on the fly. 1898 rec.

One of the remaining stretches, 1920s.

caliberi
Resources prolioti z'appeared less in the 1840s. Before that, the vizniks had a caliber triplet, or just a caliber. On such paths, men rode high, women sat sideways, the shards of the head were a simple board on an oblique axis, with primitive round springs. The single-caliber caliber was called the guitar - for the similar shape of the seat. Vіzniki minted sіdokіv on the stock exchanges - especially seeing paid parking lots. Describing the wounds in St. Petersburg in “Yevgeniy Onyagini”, Pushkin does not include such a detail: “…Viznik is gravitating to the stock exchange…”

Single caliber.

Lines
A linear shoulder was called a simple dovgі tremtinnya with a board for sitting sideways or on top, and as a board, a boulder was wide - on the sides with a back one to one. Such a single crew is called in Saltikov-Shchedrin's "Poshekhonsky old times" a dovushoy-shaking, and in L. Tolstoy in "Anna Kareniniya" - kovzanks, on the new guest Levin they go for a shower.
In a straight line, having become the name of the Russian or zamіsky buggy crew with lava on the sides, separated by a partition, the passengers sat side by side at a straight line, with their backs one to one. The flight lines were provided with a canopy over the board.

Line near Moscow. 1890s.

For a quantity of horses, you can divide your brethren into kerovan with one horse, twos and threes. Thursdays, sixties and highs were victorious mainly after the city.

Threesome
Troyka is an old Russian horse team. Troyka bula vigadana for a swedish ride on a long day.

The whole world has a different harness. Korіnnik - the central kіn - is obliged to walk with a clear swedish rissue, and the tie-downs - the horse's side - are guilty of galloping. This one develops an arc of high wind speed of 45-50 km/year.

The mechanism of the troika strikes in the fact that the root, which goes wide, we will disperse the rice, as if we “carry” the harness at a gallop, fastened to the root with defects. Zavdyakov to whom all three horses are more stoked, but they raise the high speed.

The trio showed up and otrimala their ninishny name about 200 years ago. According to the rules that were established by those days, when passengers were transported at postal tents, it was possible to harness three horses, only three people showed up. Two chi one mali ride on a pair of horses. Bubonts and twines were only allowed to be hung on postal troikas and couriers who carried important state dispatches. At the tsar’s watch on triplets, surrounded by important gentlemen, there were leaf-carriers (postal troika), pozhozhniki and all those who needed a swedish swedkist for a trival period of time. Often troikas were harnessed at the days of fun and other Christmas tracts, if the coachmen could “polyhachit” and let the roots run at a gallop.
The most important stones for the troika were small and inconspicuous, and the Vyatka horses were even more beautiful. Richer people made a trio of stately and great Oryol risaks. The best triyka is the triyka, all the horses are matched in suit, and the crown is larger for the size and status of the tie-downs.

And now, nasamkinets - cіkavі іstorії from the newspaper chronicles, different stories of the vagrants, which were seen on the cob of the XX century.

03 September (21 March) 1902 year:
The Moscow tradesmen, who exchanged them in the evenings on Dmitrivtsy, spent the days celebrating, as it seems with great "pomp", the anniversary of their colleague Yukhim Bistryakov. The original jeweler is 74 years old and traveled through Moscow streets without interruption 60 years. A lot of famous specialties of an important businessman are those who, by stretching their bagatarical work, did not drink their own cup of burner. Bistryakov has made a small camp for himself, looking at a small maetka near Moscow, as close as 30 years old. that Bulo was given for 1500 rubles, and now it is priced at 15,000 rubles.

07 chernya (25 May) 1911 07 chernya (25 May) 1911 Z-pid Moscow.
The Tsaritsin's representatives, moving among themselves, charge even higher prices for travel from the station to the dachas. The summer residents turned away from the skargoy to the misery of the comradeship of landscaping. The rest ruined the fussing before the povitovoy zemstvo council, asking them to establish a tax for rozvyznyh workers. Klopotannya tse zustrilo spivchuttya. Krim Tsaritsyna, the council is transferring to introduce the same tax in other summer cottages.

Driving in a vartovy vіznik. September 17 (04), 1911
About the 3rd anniversary of the wound on the 1st day of the Kremlin, beating the head entrance of the Kremlin Palace, the grenadier of the 10th company of the 4th Nesvizhsky Grenadier Regiment Vasil Khlapovym, who stood there on the anniversary, shot from the guillotine, knocked out a car, cr. Mikhaylovskogo U., Ivan Semyonov Kiselov. 28 l., for the advancing furrows. Stop, passing through the Palace Passage, snarling the head of the pass, zіyshov from the sleigh, looking unsteady, becoming begging for pennies from the vartov for a burner. Vartovy urged the viznik to see a new one, ahead of what we were shooting. Kiselov did not lose his vimogi and began to take the guinea pig from the guard. The rest of the hour of struggle began to give signal whistles, calling for help, but the stench was felt. Bachachi, you won’t wake up a drunken warrior, Khlapov is three times ahead, we’ll shoot, and if Kiselov continued the attack and fight, mayuchi namir go for a guinea pig, Khlapov slaying the wind and knocking the bell on the spot.

Robbery by a viznik. 06 September (24 March) 1911 year
March 22, about the 7th year of the evening, which came from the provinces to Moscow for goods, Podilsky Mishch. Stepan Fedotov, having dozed off on a trip and dipped around near Annengofsky Guy, de appeared, that the hero had won 600 rubles from the new hamanets, with a passport and different robes, having z_shtovkhnuv sleepy Fedotov from the sleigh and vtik.

"Zrazkovi" street fence. April 09 (March 27), 1910
March 25, about the 10th anniversary of the evening, light carrier of the kr. Іvlev, passing by Є.N. Opochinim along Dolgorukovskiy Prov., having run into a wooden box, a large pit was covered up like a bula, which had collapsed after a collapse. The box was killed, the throw was called into the pit, the passage spread to the Opochinina metro station, which flew out of it, and crushing Ivlev. With heavy slaughter of the body, both victims were restored to the primal calm of the Tver part.

Vіznik-mesnik. 01 lime (18 worms) 1909 roku.
Yesterday, at 5 o'clock in the afternoon on the rose of Tverskoy and Leontyevsky prov.
The blow of a dashing worker on the floor is strong, that in the car there were bumps and broken tires. The worker was safe, neither himself nor the proletariat suffered.
Until the month of departure, the natovp tsikavih, At the address of the sinister car, the guests and the heat were lulled.
At the unstoppable hoarding came a vіznik:
- Not all of you crush our brother!
Htos іz natovpu having promoted:
— Vіznik-mesnik!
Hurry up to the month:
- Panov, disperse! Be kind, don't freak out!
Panov dispersed and the police wrote down the number of the driver of that car. Stop shoving and destroying the smack of passers-by.

31 (18) birch 1909
The six-fold lad Sergiy Surkov, roaming behind the Bab'egorodsky Prov., having decided to "ride". Poz prozhdzhav vіznik. The lad latched on to the back of the slug. At the turn, Surkov's naughty cry pierced.
The viznik stuttered. The unfortunate lad was taken from the slings with a broken leg.
For the rejoicing of yoga, they ruled to the Morozovskaya likarnia.

Text and addition of old materials: Oleksandr Ivanov

Carriage - (from lat. carrus - vіzok)- closed passenger bus with springs. On the back, the body was suspended on belts, then springs began to wink for the driver (from the ear of the 18th century), and from the ear of the 19th century, the springs began to wink. Most often, they were bred for a special koristuvannya, wanting from the middle of the middle age in Europe, they began to vindicate like a public transport. Butt - stagecoach, omnibus and chaise. The widest type of stagecoach can be entered mail coach.

History...

Although carriages were found earlier, lower bicycles stink more similar to early versions of cars. The first vіzki on kіnіy tyazі were known in Celtic burials. Їхній body suspended on belts. In prehistoric Europe, there were also victorious carriages with a classic design that looked like a wheel with a spring suspension.

Chariot. The largest early sight carriage is the chariot. Її wines in Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC Proto-Indo-Europeans. Up to two people were accommodated at the chariot, no more than one pair of horses were harnessed to it. The oskelki chariot was to be finished with a light, swedish and maneuverable way of transferring, it proved to be good in battles. Warriors on chariots could easily be transported from one month of the battle to the next.

Prev'u - zbіlshennya per click.

The pictures show: one of the most popular French carriages, a Roman chariot and other variations of carriages and stagecoaches.

Roman chariot. In the 1st century BC the Romans victorious chariots for the more expensive ones. The power of the Zhou Dynasty was aware that in the "Age of the Tsars Who Shall Be" the carriages were won for transport needs, protection from the twilight of civilization, all the secrets about the preparation of this transport task were more thoroughly learned. More than anything, the Romans victorious lancers, or shkiryan belts, as a resemblance to a resori on what the excavations of the ancient Roman era indicate.

Middle carriage was a chotiric-shaped critical carriage over the coachman's seats with a round, overhanging visor. For those hour carriages, the traditional technology of fastening the front axle is typical. In the lithographs of the 14th century and the 15th century, carriages of a similar type become popular, images and documented riddles about the resora on the lancets are being published. The carriage is small with 4 wheels, one or two pairs of horses were harnessed to it. Sound like the materials for the preparation of vicory were cast out of the wood, and the carriages, with which the townspeople were made, were upholstered with a shkir.