Pig. Characteristics of the pig and kabaro families: representatives, morphology, way of life, value, regulation of numbers

2018-01-25 Igor Novitsky

The history of the pig's journey

The current domestic pig (Sus domestica) is a product of the rich evolution, the result of the development of a species under the influx of natural selection and activity. The majestic polymorphism (variability of forms) of this kind can be seen about the impersonality of the original ancestral forms, on the one hand, and about the difference, the intensity and direct change of pigs under the influence of domestication and selection - from the other side.

For a single light classification of creatures, a domestic pig is classified as a backbone type, a class of savts, a corral of artiodine, a family of pigs, a genus of pig. Rіd includes wild ancestral forms (wild boar) and domestic pig, which were saved dosi. To establish two points of view on wild pig ancestors: the Persian, which is dwelt by the ancestral pigs, believes that all modern breeds of pigs look like three forms - Sus scrofa vittatus (wild boar of Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia), S.s. mediteraneus (Mediterranean wild boar) and S.s. scrofa (wild boar of Central Europe and Northern Asia); friend, broadened in English schools, there are only two other forms - European and distant wild boars.

It is important that the domestication of the pig was about 6-7 yew. the fate of that in China. Increasingly widening, in front of the area of ancient civilizations (Mediterranean Sea), this creature appeared at Europe. Domestication of pigs, like that of other species of creatures, was connected with the transition from the nomadic "sweet" way of life to donkey farming. If people began to unite in the tribal community, and the people of social blues, vinyl needs in domesticated creatures However, tens of thousands of years were needed to ascertain that it is better than the mother to produce food, skins for clothing that vzuttya under the hand, lower to get them, relying on success. The process of maturing the creatures at the corrals was called to victorious selection: they drove quiet individuals into the first place for the needs, as if they tried to repair the fences and virvatisya at will, and they deprived the calm creatures. The ability to take offspring in captivity discouraged them from taking up fodder production. The development of farming and animal husbandry became the single land of life, the security of the Daedal, more than the growing population. And just as the nomads vicorated creatures more importantly for dressing, then the huge masses and canopies laid their foundation for the breeding of such species, as if they would take care of their life.

The pig, like a dzherelo meat, has become one of the main objects of human practice. The very fact of tameness, having become the starting point for the majestic biological transformations, the clay and forms of those began to sag, becoming the storage process of the civilization of mankind.

Features of wild boar and pig

The current wild boar is not an exact copy of the ancestor of the domestic pig, so we can distinguish a different karyotype: the domestic pig has 38 somatic chromosomes (19 pairs), and the wild boar has 36. the number of chromosomes is 37 (unpaired). Later, domestication was recognized only as individuals of that population of a singing appearance, although wild boars were poured into this evolutionary change through crossing.

Let's give G.K. An infant (6-10 piglets) of wild boar should be given only once per river (mounted). The female enters the nest less than a day. Piglets wet the uterus for 2.5-3 months, and then they are overwhelmed by it until the state maturity, then. sіm'ya zberіgaєtsya protyazh rock and more. Boars (males) reach 200 kg and grow tall - up to 95 cm at the scruff of the neck.

Qi characteristics are known to be rooted in data like modern domestic pigs, and in primitive breeds. The biggest difference between these forms gave I. D. Ivanenko

Assuming that the wild ancestors of pigs had about the same power as the modern wild boar, it can be seen that there are morphological and physiological differences between them and primitive breeds, including the factor of domestication (domestication). At the same time, the primitive breeds of the factory breeds are mostly devoid of productive signs, intelligent by the intensive selection of the creatures of the bazhan type and the combined minds of the morning of that year. The biological basis of such changes is a significant transformation equal to the type of exchange of speech and energy in the cells and tissues of creatures. The density of bone, fixed and separated by piece selection, was brought to a change in the visual indicators of organs and tissues: the weight of the brain by weight to the weight of the body in a domestic male pig, lower in a wild boar, - 0.17 and 0.27%, the length of the intestine to the length of the body - 13:1 and 10:1, the weight of the skeleton when born with the same weight of newborn pigs (1 - 1.2 kg) - 16 and 20%. Table 3 1.1 next, in the course of evolution, the pig takes on a young stage of development, it is more plastic and adaptable to change in the minds of an unstable change and piece selection.

Morphogenetic changes in pigs

Morphogenesis (evolutionary change of body body) showed up most importantly on the splines of the anterior and posterior parts of the body of the pig: 0.7:0.3 in wild boars, 0.5:0.5 in primitives and 0.3:0.7 in modern meat seasons with a massive increase in the mass of the body and the intensity of growth. Historically, all breeds have been fully bred by one directly - from the beginning of the yakomag, a large amount of meat and fat, tobto. pigs with more developed meat parts of the carcass (okist, back) and a smaller development of small parts (head, anterior part of the body, tips). Only in the rest of the decade in pig breeding differenciates with the method of creation of specialized types. At the link with the cym, the turns of the establishment of new powers and dominance of the breeds of pigs are required not so in wild ancestral forms, as in the factors of evolution, minds of selection, which increase the intensity of breeding.

Morphogenetic changes in pigs were subjected to a complex influx of factors in domestication and selection. The main domestic changes in pigs were described by S. M. Bogolyubsky. At the first stage of domestication, a person picked pigs for behavior - calm, less rotten, which led to a simpler morphology of the brain, a weakened dawn, and then the building of color differentiation appeared (daytime sir); changed like a mass, and the structure of the m'yaziv - the pig nabula building before salting. The constant change for the construction of a large number of various feeds, having taken the molding of the re-dating, moreover, it was necessary to save everything, which became the reason for the creation of a large number of fodder with a high payment for feed growth.

In a number of cases, the order of the term "increase" wins over the term "increment".

Last day the rest of the years show that the domestication changes in the genetic programs of creatures are placed in front of the structural genes that encode proteins, and the regulatory ones, as if showing a sign in the phenotype, that in distant ancestors in a recessive state. Appointed more evolutionary change to certify that the shape of the skull of a modern pig on early stages ontogeny of power in the most recent subspecies of wild pig in Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia. The development follows the principle of development of the final stages and the preservation of phylogenetically greater than the early, greater plastic stages, which became the beginning of new ways for the development of pig breeding in today's minds. The most important evolutionary reason was the rearing of a domestic pig to a color state activity for an hourly high fecundity. Qiu power can be seen as a synthesis of natural selection and selection: “here is a decrease in the liveliness of a small individual, and a remarkably high liveliness of a species of zagalom, and compensation for a decrease in the tribal vigor.

domestication of pigs

In the first period of domestication (3000-1250 BC), pigs in the form of a body were little shaped like a wild boar. They stink of a flat, deep toelub, long legs, a large head with a long, straight rill and standing ears, a high comb of bristles, and a strong back. Prote domestication led to the appearance of a carp-like back.

Up to 500-400 years. to the sound e. looking at European pigs has already changed a lot. Appeared near the Mediterranean region new type with a curved back, drooping vukhs, a deep tulub, a short and wide head, a clearly pronounced lower statue. Ale, in all other regions of Europe (among those on the territory of modern Belarus and Russia), more primitives were transported, even though they were able to harvest various types. The stench was brimming with roses - folded pigs were bigger, long-legged small building to a significant fat-laden. But for all primitive aboriginal breeds, a large head with a straight cut, low growth rate, payment for feed and fertility (the average has 4-6 piglets per farrow) are characteristic. The suit of the bula was nayriznomanіtnіshoy, the hairline of the folding budovi.

For all aboriginal, especially primitive, breeds are characterized by a high tolerance to macular minds, resistance to unacceptable factors in the middle, but with all the stench, like wild pigs, low high tolerance to infectious diseases. Obviously, the natural high fertility of pigs compared to other domestic species is reactive in nature. Until today, the world is still beginning to breed a primitive type and it is important to save them for the future.

The most characteristic of rice formation is porid - spontaneous selection and unsystematic crossbreeding following the principle of geographic proximity. The whole process seemed to be correct. The chief official of the evolution of the pig until the middle of the 18th century. it became even more distant creatures from the natural environment and the creation of piece minds of the morning. Low productivity, tight growth and unsatisfactory, dosit primitive methods of virobnitstva - the mind overwhelms the inflow of natural goodness of evolution. The peculiarity of such a selection for the minds of domestication - a greater high intensity, due to which the modification, phenotypic lowliness of individuals has become more pronounced against wild herds-populations. For natural populations, high uniformity is characteristic, but similarity to the type of population. Insignificant positive vibes are supported by natural selection, the most important task of which is the stabilization of a sign of power, safety of the skin condition of individuals of the sound norm, the most appropriate minds of fast living. With domestic morning new strength and dominance of pigs, the most important ones are non-adaptive, that is the greatest strength to the pressure of natural selection.

The object of such a vice, on the face of the piece, is some kind of phenotype, some kind of a normal one, which is the most obvious to the minds of a splendid middle ground. For example, when there is a lack of food, the supply of food to the creatures of the different world is fallow due to a shortage of food and a tribalness, I will show it. With a weak deficiency, the richness or the quality of the offspring decreases. The uterus does not waste its productive capacity, but the gene pool of the herd will be changed, and as a result, the entire population is weaker (albeit in an insignificant world). The strongest manifestation of the pressure of natural selection is a decrease in the life of the creature, which will immediately signify the number of the entire herd.

Pig breeding

From that moment, as people were aware, they began to breed pigs of the bagan type and special methods of breeding, selection became the main and most wild factor in evolution. The best results come out only the same, if the piece is good in one directly from the natural. For example, the rest depends on the development of life and the promotion of the life of offspring. Prote vіdbіr z davnіh-yshov is more important for direct increase in meat and annual productivity, tobto. the development of such powers, which are protilezhnі natural evolution mind. In whom all the super-accuracy is the essence of the biology of the pig. In other words, at the stage of the development of pig breeding, like that of other species of animal breeding, there is a nutritional spiving of natural and piece selection, a nice selection of various forms of selection for reaching breeding purposes - the elimination of the most economical bagan type. The main way to develop these protirichs is to improve the technology of the year and the difference, the creation of such genotypes, which are most attached to breeding in specific minds.

Starting from the XVIII century. in England, and later in other European countries, pig breeding has become on the way to intensification, and one of the factors in such development is the crossing of different breeds and types. Otrimani pomіsі vіdznyalis pіdvishchennoy svetoglastu, tobto. let's speed up the development stages. New types of pigs were named, which were selected for breeding, as if for rich signs they repeated the ontogeny of ancestors in the earlier stages of development. New arrivals take away the greatest development with a distant selection of Batkiv forms, but the stench is not strong, and for your own savings in the offspring, you will have a hard choice and a better mind of living. If the stench gets worse, then new generations are spent in the coming generations, that often turns to a lot of forms, and with this, productivity gets worse.

Change the power of pigs

The power of pigs began to change especially significantly for the size and speed of the 20th century, as genetics began to stagnate in breeding. The most important factor here was the transition from the assessment of the phenotype to the assessment of the genotype of the virobniks, which greatly accelerated the process of transformation of the pig breeds in the Bazhan directly. The improvement of the basic and breeding of new breeds was immediately directed to the promotion of different signs of the productivity of pigs - meat, annual and productive.

Modern pigs recognized significant changes in live weight. Even though the ancient creatures were inspired by great roses (for example, Neapolitan pigs in Ancient Rome or Romans in other regions of the Mediterranean reached the weight of over 300 kg - females and 500 kg - males), then the current breeds are significantly smaller (Table 1).

Table 1

The mass of pigs of modern breeds is alive (I.T. Tikhonov, 1980; W. Pond and K. Haupt, 1983)

Breed	mass, kg
Breed	Uterus	Knur
Duroc	160	200
Polish-Chinese	180	205
Yorkshire	125	150
Velika Bila	230	330
Pivnichnokavkazka	225	325
Velika black	215	285
Bila was short	215	290
Shvidkostigla m'yasna (CM-1)	250	350
Belarusian black-strokat	223	294

Data on three American and six breeds, which are bred in Belarus and Russia, show that the natives are richer. Tse is the direct result of the intensity of breeding breeding population. In the United States and a number of Western European lands, the speed of the glia of the meat type was formed with an even low trivality of the queens and knuriv. The above-world specialization of the year-round and meat productivity led to the establishment of a rich breeding stock of 8-10.7 piglets per farrow. In Belarus and Russia, the great creatures with high breeding capacities were traditionally given the priority - the richness of the queens reached 10-12.5 piglets per farrow. From the 70s. XX Art. but in the swine industry, they switched to intensive production and higher specialization in meat and annual productivity.

Irrespective of the cheapness of high fertility, the breeding of dry pigs in the minds of intensive breeding is viable, less great (from the point of view of vikoristannya prismіschen, feeding that folding sight). For the great industrial complexes, it is most likely that the number of queens weighing less than 200 kg, but also heavier (300 kg and more): in them you can take more sperm, which is important in case of piecework - the main method of fermentation.

Pig farming today

In the process of historical development, the pig, like a type, recognized great changes. Crimium factor in domestication and selection for molding of the most baggy type by pressing, and in our time becoming the dominant economic factor - take more products high capacity for the smallest virobnichih vitrates.

The evolution has gone from primitive forms to modern highly productive breeds and types, in its natural species the daedal was more replaced by the piece. However, in the minds of intensive industrial technologies, the efficiency of winning pigs with a high productive potential to inspire with the creation of optimal minds of the year and the morning is already low in the scale of the herd and breeds. The first reason for this is that schilicity grew sharply to pigs, sickness, idleness, and shortness of tribal victoriousness.

Pigs among their creatures sit in a special place. On the back of the head, the stench, the stench, prote, played a memorable role in the history of human civilization. From one side, the hoards have become one of the most popular types of thinness, from the other side, the stench has earned the glory of the wild and bad creatures. Why did some people love pigs, and others hated them?

The history of the relationship between humans and pigs began 13,000 years ago with the domestication of a wild boar. It can be said that the creatures themselves gave people a reason for domestication. Wild boars, being ubiquitous, easily mastered cultural landscapes: stinks robbed raids on the fields that were cultivated, and hunted at the exits of the inhabitants. With the method of protecting I give birth, and also for the removal of meat, people began to cultivate these creatures and trim them in the pens. Naytsіkavіshe, what happened in tiy mіstsevosti, de contagious pigs daily in principle, - in Western Asia. Close to 8,000 years ago, the wild boar was re-domesticated in China. AT nadali share Two populations of pigs formed differently.

Pigs from Western Asia, together with people gradually settled on the outskirts and reached the territory of the Northern Mediterranean. From the lands of present-day Israel, the stench was consumed by Volodinna Greeks (Ninishna Turechchina and Greece). It should be noted that due to the number of pigs in these months, they strongly favored those goats, which had its own reason. While all those goats could graze on barren skele and miraculously endured sintering in the desert, then pigs, being baggies of the fox, badly endured high temperatures, to this they were less likely to graze near the khlіvі, or fringed on the vipasі near the mіstsevy forests. Otzhe, the great role of the economy of these countries played de stink. The culture of breeding pigs was retarded by the Greeks by the Romans, and even among them, knowledge was expanded by Zahidnoy and Pivnichny Europe. Here, the five creatures grew significantly wider, the shards of the calm climate were especially friendly for pigs, and the endless forest gave them an excellent fodder base.

Before that, as the Europeans got to know about pig farming, at the Close Descent it became a podia, as if once and for all they freed the pigs of their “fatherland”. Approximately between the XV and XIII centuries BC. e. on the lands of Israel, a prophet was blamed, who carried out a religious reform. Yogo's name was Moses, and in the midst of his introduction of laws, he made a fence for the taste of "unclean" hedgehog. The pigs have eaten up the nebazhanyh creatures. Since then, and until now, pork is not used by the Jews for eating. Moreover, after a lot of centuries, which originated in the Near Skhodіslam, it also posited the taboo, after which the already innumerable pigs in Western Asia arose from these territories, on which Muslims settled.

Natomist European pig breeding flourished. More than that, with its belligerent development of the wines of goiter... to the Muslims themselves! And there was a marvelous transformation in the era of the early Middle Ages. At that hour, the shidny frontiers of Europe recognized the influx of steppe hordes, as if they carried all the thinness with them, calling the local inhabitants to starvation. However, the nomads, as if they were following Islam, never took pigs with them and killed them. The villagers quickly realized that only pigs are hiding from hunger. Three quiet fir and dosi in the lands, which if served as a similar frontier of Europe (Ukraine, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus), pig farming is one of the leading galuzy of the silskogo state.

As far as the population, domesticated to the Far Departure, її the width was not respected by any of the saplings. So, in China, Korea, Vietnam, and other powers of Pvdenno-Skhidnoy Asia, pigs have become not the main domestic creature. In Australia and Africa, there are quite a few pigs, and only through those who are bad at enduring an arid climate. The rest of the world has close to 1 billion of these creatures, for the number of flocks of the stink, only the great horned thinness of the beasts comes.

The call of the pig is already waking up like a wild boar. The only anatomical sign, they didn’t waste the stench, - it was all right. It is true, in the home state, with the method of safety, you can see teeth in children. Dovzhina body in pigs varies from 0.9 to 1.8 m, vaga - from 50 to 350 kg. The sheepskin coat of the boar and boar is given to the dowsed, and the legs are short. For this reason, pigs cannot be so swedishly rich, like wild boars, and do not shave a low cross. The muzzle of the pigs shortened, and the ears, on the other hand, became larger and often hang over the eyes. Ale, the head of the vіdminnіst is the cost of the woolen crook. In modern breeds of pigs, the vines are reduced, so their skin is either covered with thin bristles, or naked. Like vines in two breeds of pigs - Lincolnshire and Mangalitsa - they have a normal coat twist, and ale wine is the result of a second crossing of their animals with wild boars. The pigs can be taken in one-color white, black, chervonim (brown) or we can swim. To the point, the piglets of domestic creatures do not wear swagger, like piglets of a wild boar, but are born with zabarvlennyam, characteristic of mature individuals of this breed.

The tail of domestic pigs has swelled a characteristic wigu "donut".

Por_vnyano іz zvnіshnіshі vіglyad the physiology of pigs has recognized insignificant changes. Among other creatures of theirs, the stench is seen by us in front of our all-day life. Pigs are equally pleased to eat root crops, fruits, vegetables, grains and mixed fodder, eggs, meat, fish, technical inputs from oil mills and chicken factories, whether they are grubs, starting from bread and brothers (low-fat milk) and succulent products. The stench may have a high food plasticity, it is easy to stick to it and to a modest “homemade” diet, and to eating the same type of food. For example, for the old hours, they didn’t prepare special feed bags for pigs, but simply slaughtered them like cows and sheep. The stench of autumn was especially intense, when the harvest of acorns and peas ripened. From that hour, near the rich lands of Europe, there was a sound of pigs at the leaf fall.

The Lincolnshire breed of curly-haired pigs is considered to be extinct.

The transition from the free vipasu to the cold morning is due to the intensification of the weather. High-calorie and detailed components are added to a record-breaking swedish set of vag (for example, pigs don’t know their own equal environments of domestic animals), improve the structure of the meat and its savory taste. However, for this food, it is necessary for the world to know, the shards are large, the amount of water in the feed and the consistency of this soft can be brought to the supra-world salting of the meat. The animal health of pigs accumulates large reserves of subcutaneous and internal fat, which is one characteristic feature of these creatures - sensitivity to high temperatures. The villagers feel good in the fall, if the pigs perished in the heatstroke through those who could not get cold. In nature, wild boars are more active at night, so domestic pigs can easily put up with low lighting near the barn. In a warm climate, the stench is tolerant and up to high humidity again, but in a calm zone they can suffer from moisture and cold.

The pig, which has turned black in the sinter, takes a mud bath with malt.

Insha distinctive feature pigs - superficial fertility. The state maturity of these creatures reaches already 5.5-6 months. One sow can bring an average of 8-12 piglets, although in large offspring there are 15-20 newborns. The number of nipples in females is also inconsistent, they can be from 10 to 16. Call under the uterus to deprive the piglets of the piglets, how many nipples will not be able to, and the rest of them can be harvested individually. The sting of the pigs is directly embodied in the fineness of their meat: the pigs have an unacceptable smell and are unsuitable for living. In order to get rid of a few piglets of a human status, they are castrated before the ear of the year. A similar operation can be carried out with an already mature knur, but it can be hammered in only after a few months after the wilting.

The piglets on the farm are looking at the photographer who has come before them.

Pigs in nature are not worthy of a star, that is why they do not play a great role in their life. Natomist majestic meaning for them nabuvaє scent. With this help, the stink without mercy knows how to navit on the great country, but under this ball of soil, the huts do not give way to the stink of this sense. The subtle scent of pigs can lead to superiority over the dog's, as you can see about the smells of growing, to such a degree of hoarding are sensitive. In France, pigs are made to search for delicacy truffles, the fruits of the bodies of which are buried under the earth. In addition, in some lands, pigs play the role of police detectives and win for the search for drugs and viking.

The voice of pigs is characteristically roaring ( hear ), that in moments of insecurity to cross at the penetrating heather ( hear ). Well, the pig is aggressive and, on the contrary, threatening the opponent, it sees sounds similar to a deaf bark.

Quite recently, the vcheni have raised their respect for the high intellect of pigs, which trival hour has become unmarked through the pre-emptive setting to these creatures. Pigs are practically low-aggressive towards dogs, but socially oriented. The stench is easy to call to the people, especially as a way of vihovuvaty z childishness, building vivchiti prizvisko, different teams, to know their place, they can perform deak tricks (the world has its own ignorance). In our hour of total wind, people in the nature and in the quality of life appeared to be more necessary. So, in the great places of deyak, the rulers make pigs like domestic lovers. Pіd qі zapіt navіt navіt brіvіtії brіvіvatії specifiy sprаіdіvіy selektsії - brіvіnі pigs krіhіtnogo rosіru, pro іnі-pigs. I don’t overweight 20-40 kg for a mature woman. Even now, these creatures can be called decorative.

Piglet small-nigga with a size no larger than a tea cup.

With humans, pigs are brought together by similar elements of physiology, zokrema, the grass tract and shkiri. Other organs (nirks, hearts) are also useful for medical purposes, shards in young creatures are masa and vaga the same as in people. For the same reason, on pigs, they tried out some groups of cosmetic and pharmacological preparations, as well as practiced the technique of organ transplantation.

The breed diversity of pigs is rather small, which is explained by their narrow congestion. Until recently, these creatures were bred more than a slaughter. Pork, in its organoleptic power, is not similar to any other kind of meat products. It successfully shows the fibrous structure of the meat and the juiciness is not overturned, it is full of high fat. With this pig fat is caught at low temperatures, low yalovichi or mutton fat, which allows the pigs to save their appetizing look. Like meat, so lard of pork can have a pleasant smell in a greased and smoked look, which is the product of indispensable in the production of cowbass and taverns. From pork come out vіdminnі baliki that stegensya. In the same hour of overheating, internal fat (lard) practically does not have a smell, which is why vicor is found in vicarious, including such vishucani strains, like pudding pudding. Cream of meat and fat in cooking knows practically all parts of a pig carcass: heart, nirki, liver, legs, intestines, tongue, brain, vokha, tails and hoard. Shkіra with a thin ball of bacon is beaten for greasing (greaves), and it is viroblen when it comes to making, sitting, picking up, and bags that vzuttya. For sewing a robe, yogo vikoristovuyet rіdshe, oskіlki vіn tovshchy and important for sap'yan and sheepskin. From hard bristles, paint brushes are made.

There are close to 100 breeds of pigs in the world. All stinks are divided into meat, meat and lard and lard. In addition, in a small group you can see mini-pigs, which you can mentally zarahuvat to decorative pores.

Meat pigs

Landrace - the best breed of meat straightening and, vzagali, one of the most popular breeds of pigs in the world. Introduced in Denmark by way of crossbreeding of the miserable livestock from the creatures of the great white breed. Knuri breed Landrace weight 280-300 kg, sows - 200-220 kg. For these pigs, it is more characteristic to have a whiter head, a large ear that hangs on the muzzle, a narrow chest, a thin coat with soft bristles, a strongly twisted trunk and a larger number of backbones in pigs with creatures of other breeds. For the greater length of the body, they have a stronger skeletal mass (especially the eyes), they are also characterized by massive internal organs. Zabіyny vyhіd become 80%. Landrace is good vicarious forage energy (3.97 feed units per 1 kg increase in vaga), but the best results are shown with the use of sums, rich in protein. For the average stench, the stench is given 700 g each, and the weight of 100 kg reaches up to 189 days. Fertility of sows to become 10-12 piglets, at the time of exposure to the stench, 19 kg of skins are important. Landrace is characterized by a large mass of meat ball, a thin layer of lard, a low volume of internal fat. This breed is especially popular in countries where bacon dominates in cuisines (USA, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Scandinavia), and in the rest of the hour it gained a wide width in Northern Europe.

Pig breed Landrace.

Duroc - a breed introduced in the USA by a crossbreeding of New York and Jersey pigs (formerly called Duroc-Jersey). Most memorable official sign- suit, there are creatures of mayzhe zavzhdi chervona, colors can vary from golden-ore to chocolate-brown. Like all breeds of bacon directly, the Durocs make a stretched tulub and a great mass, the slaughtered wind reaches 86%. Knuri weight 350-370 kg, sows - 260-320 kg. The head of the feast of tsієї spawn - even the height of the speed of growth, the additional growth in case of good years can reach 1016! In general, none of the pigs are viable, wanting to give priority to protein feeds. Їх vіdrіznyає calm vdacha. At that very hour, the Durokam have a low fertility, the last one has only 9-10 piglets.

Pig breed Duroc.

V'etnamskaya vislobelly - a breed of Asian wandering, which is rapidly gaining popularity in the lands of Northern Europe. Enchanted black and white. Pig breeds are small, their weight becomes less than 50-80 kg, so for commercial breeding the stench is not needed. Prote compactness made them even more demanding from the subsidiaries of the state, deyakі navit start їх at the apartments like domestic creatures. In Vietnamese bellied pigs, everything is necessary for this experience: stench does not require high-calorie feeds (grass-fed), resistant to sickness, even calm and good-natured, breathless and practically does not smell a specific smell. They can be bred already from 6 months, the first offspring have 5-10 piglets, and then the sow brings 10-20 babies. It's true, pigs are heat-loving and easily catch cold on pranksters and those who are orphaned. It's close to the Vietnamese fold Korean breed. Korean pigs are larger (weight 90-100 kg) and may have a much wrinkled rib.

V'etnamskaya pig.

Meat and greasy pigs

Ukrainian steppe bila - breed, bred in Ukraine, around its historical fatherland, widely distributed in the Caucasus. Creatures are awakened by a rough constitution and a malignant bone. They have small ears that hang over their eyes, strong legs, and a bent head. Zabarvlennya buvaє less white. Live masa knurіv reach 300-350 kg, sows - 240-260 kg. Pigs of tsієї breed vvazhayutsya dosit nevibaglivimy and vitrivalim. It is good to endure the stench of the pastoral regime and not to be equal for the stamina to high temperatures and dryness. For this very reason, Ukrainian steppe pigs should become competitive with the lower breeds in the countryside. 3.8-4 feed units per 1 kg increase in stink vag, and 100 kg vaga reach up to 7 months. Fertility in the middle to become 11-12 piglets.

The Ukrainian steppe was a pig on a vipas with sprouts.

Mangalitsa (mangalitsa) - Radkіsna breed, bred in Ugorshchina. Otriman's way crossbreeding the Carpathian pig population from wild boar. It is not enough to see beyond the borders of the fatherland, but in the rest of the hour you will quickly win popularity in Ukraine. Creatures of a mіtsnoї constitution with straining legs. Mangalits cannot be confused with any other breed, even if their body is covered with thick curly wool, so that they can be robbed like sheep. The zabarvlennya creatures are white, red, black and swarming. In the sight of wild boars and pigs, richly brown yakos fell. The stench is not viable, it is good to endure low temperatures, it is easy to grow on low-calorie feeds (grass-fed), calm and stress-resistant. Mangalicians enjoy excellent health, immune system and do not require wood chips. The meat and fat of these pigs are already distinguished by high savory qualities, so the breed is considered elite in its own kind. The fecundity of the head litter of mangalics is low: in one last buva in the middle leash there are 4-6 piglets.

Pig breed mangalica from wild piglets.

Greasy pigs

Meishan - A breed bred in the same province of China over 400 years ago. From the last of the existing breeds, it is worth considering the most recent. The quality of these pigs is specific. All creatures of medium size (weight 130-170 kg) with thick folded skin, covered with sparse bristles. Deep folds cover the sides and especially the sides of the meishan. Dzhe wide vukh hang on the muzzle. Black infestation with characteristic erysipelas marks on the ridges and legs. The pigs are not viable, they effectively fight roughage, they become ill to the point of richness, they breathe calmly, well-disposed by maternal instinct, high milk production and survival of piglets. For the fruitfulness of the stink, they did not know their peers. The dermal sow is allowed to give birth to 2 offspring of 12-18 piglets per dermal sow. An absolute record of becoming 40 piglets in one offspring! The state maturity of the meishan reaches as early as 3 months, although they are allowed to mature no earlier than 8-9 months. Piznostiglst is important to the brainless breed, slaughtery vag and creatures also reach up to nine months. M'yaso at tsієї spawn garnoї yakostі, wanting deakim not befits yogo nadmіrna osalenіst (tovschina bacon reaches 2.5-3.5 cm). The breed is widely spread in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, little known in continental Europe. Through life, the stinginess of the meishan may not be bred on an industrial scale, but it is often exacerbated at zoos.

Pigs breed Meishan.

Read about the creatures, zgadanih at tsіy stattі: wild boars, vіvtsyakh, great horned thinness.

The pig is a creature of the class ssavtsі, pens of parnokopitnі, pіdzagoni nezhuvalnі, pig families (Suidae). Nayimovіrnіshe, the pig took away its name for its vinyatkovu fertility. According to the thought of authoritative scholars, the basis of the Latin name recurs with the old word sunus - “syn”, with the meaning of “narodzhennia”, “fruitfulness”.

Pig - description, characteristics and photographs

Mitzne, the pig’s body is lightly drawn, it can reach the head of a pig over a meter. The skin of the pig is covered with a sparse, rough, bristly hairline. The swollen muzzle of the pig with a rumpled nose-proboscis ends with a cartilaginous disc “patch”, which allows the creature to dig up the earth. A pig has 44 teeth, 4 of them are well-placed teeth. The upper ykla is ventilated with a curved shape.

Vaga pig, fallow in mind, kolivaetsya in 45 to 400 kg. The legs are shortened, chotiripali, with well-spread toes. The tail is bent with a corkscrew. The pig's ears are large, and the axis is small. In the sight of their wild ancestor, a wild boar, a pig, a weak zіr subsided, but even a hospitable scent and a miraculous ear.

Large dimensions and short legs do not zavazhayut pigs but to finish the spritnoy creature. The speed of the pig, which lives, reaches 17 km/year. For the needs of qi, the clumsy creatures swim well.

In spite of the widening of thoughts, most of the pigs are not erysipelas, but rather sick. Rіdshe zustrichayutsya individuals of white, brown, plamy and absolutely black colors.

For old minds, morning in captivity, the trivality of a pig's life becomes 10-15 years. In the midst of the great times, long-lived individuals chirp: a healthy creature, with a good eye, can live up to 35 years.

In the wild, a pig lives for an average of 7-8 years. Females are more intelligent through the number of offspring and the need to constantly change the order with the offspring. Warrior boars often live up to 12-15 years.

See the pigs. Where are the pigs lingering?

The world has over 20 species of wild pigs, which breeders have bred over 100 breeds. And why pigs live skrіz, Crimea Antarctica.

From the look of the vchenih, the most important ones and the most vicious species are vvazhutsya like this:

babirusa ( Babyrousa babynissa)

a rare species of pig, entered to the Chervonoy book. Solitary pigs, which may look atypical for the family: long, thin legs, arched back and practically bare body, sometimes covered with a thin pile. A specific feature is the thick growths on the muzzle at the sight of numerical cleavages. They linger in Indonesia, on the islands of Sulawesi, making 4 promises;

the pig fox is great ( Hylochoerus meinertzhageni)

the largest view with a body that reaches 2 meters of the head. Individuals look like a long dark hairline and great, warts that cover the ridge. Place of residence - tropical forest massifs of equatorial Africa;

African warthog ( Phacochoerus africanus)

A prominent feature is the large hair growths on the muzzle. Shia is covered with a mane, the tail ends with a penzlik. There are 7 species of warthogs that inhabit the African savannah;

boar (Sus scrofa) , boar, wild pig

extensions of the view that make over 25 pіdvidіv. The ancestor of the domestic pig, aloe z to milk it with long legs and those rotten ikles. Loitering near the forests of mainland Europe, the Mediterranean, near Pivnichny and Central America, near the mountains Middle Asia, on the Far Departure;

bearded pig ( Sus barbatus)

a little more for a wild boar, and ale s to milk with long legs. Rilo cover with light, long wool. The peculiarity of the species is the bifurcation of the penzlik on the tip of the tail. There are 6 prospects that linger at Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia;

pygmy pig ( Sus salvanius, Porcula salvania Hodgson)

dribbling, knowing looking that Greenpeace is being protected. The height of a mature individual is not more than 35 cm, on the muzzle there are white-outward claptics. They linger at Nepal, beaten up on the slopes of the Himalayan massif;

brush pig ( Potamochoerus porcus)

looked more like a farbisher. A black muzzle with white stakes on the sides of the eyes, a reddish-brown body and a white swirl of a ridge. This species of pig is characterized by long sideburns and is characteristically black and white haired on the uppers.

Why do pigs? Pig diet

A pig is an all-round creature, there is absolutely everything. In the wild nature, the main ones are those that grow into the earth: roots of roslin, worms, coma larvae, and wind the bark of trees, young roslin, grass. A special delicacy is vvazhayutsya acorns, peas and mushrooms. The food of the creature's journey, the cream of hrobakiv and larvae, can be riba, mollusks, birds, grizzlies, toads, and also carrion.

In domestic pigs' minds, they need high-quality foodstuffs:

combination with brown herbs for example, sprinkling or alfalfa;
vegetables (beetroots, garmelon, potatoes);
cereals and cereals (peas, barley, millet);
dairy products and meat products;
feed concentrates;
food supplements from mixed vitamins and minerals.

Pig breeding

The state of maturation in domesticated pigs is up to 8-10 months. The sow's pregnancy rate is three times more than 3 months. On the river, a sow will bring offspring up to two or three times. In the skin offspring, sound 10-12 piglets with a vag of 1.5 kg. Piglets are fed on their mother's milk. Children quickly gain weight, get on their feet and walk until their birthday under a mother's gaze.

The period of the pig's rut in the wild lies in the fall of weather phenomena, the harvest and the age-old stock of the herd. The female pig is ready for another fate of life. The period of vagity is three times 4-4.5 months. The number of piglets to lie down in the type of pig, the weight is 1-1.7 kg. The piglets get up on their feet already quickly, and on the third day they go out to be yearning for their mother.

The Chinese began to domesticate the pig before our time. The omnipresence of that high building pristosovuvatisya to be the minds of the morning allowed even to tame that pig with domestic creatures.

Crimson of a full and balanced diet of eating pigs need a day to die of life. The application can be dry, well ventilated, clean, without the color of that fungus. Whether or not it is time for fate, it is necessary to change beddings in due time, and it is necessary to scorch the collection of stables.

Healthy, mature, thoroughbred piglets need to be sipped in time, culled from worms, stitched behind the shkir camp. In the case of those who have been ill, it is negligent to ensure the quarantine of sick creatures.

Biochemist William Douglas stverdzhuvav: "Pig - tse better human." Physiologically, the life of a pig is very similar to a human being, the creatures are sickly to the same sickness. Therefore, pigs often become the last participants in innovative medical research.
Pigs are smart and easy to train. The French have a rare scent of creatures for the search for underground delicacy mushrooms - truffles, which grow at a depth of up to 16 cm. So pigs can be trained in underwater swimming (if pigs cannot swim) and search for drugs.
When testing rozumovyh zdіbnosti pigs demonstrate even higher results. In such a rank, it was brought to light that the pig is even more reasonable, that watchful creature with a formidable intellect.
The pig is a marvelously “musical” creature. European investigators have established that, with a good listening to classical music, creatures quickly gain weight, practically do not get sick, but deacons sip, grunting in their own manner.

Deyakі people mayut weakness to exotic creatures, and trim a dog into a booth, a gut or a papa stench vvazhayut banality. One of these people is a family couple from Toronto, who lives in a house with a pig weighing 227 kilograms.

Derek Walter and Steve Jenkins lived to make a wonderful life, until a magnificent 227-kilogram pig appeared in their booth on behalf of Esther.

1. Walter is an agent of non-violence and a gravel on a wall, and Jenkins is a professional magician. The couple lives near the front of Toronto, in a small private booth with a modest backyard, where the gut and two dogs live in them.

2. On the eve of 2012, before Jenkins, an old school friend turned up, she told me that she got a mini-pig, but the dog is supposed to take it. Vaughn said that she remembers Jenkins as a lover of creatures, she would turn back to him herself.

3. A couple of days later, without the help of his partner, Jenkins brought home a six-month-old piglet, more than 30 kg.

4. “If we took Ester to the veterinarian, that bov was turbulent, that the tail of our piglet was cut, which was a sign of those that she was a swine, and not a home. We were in a rage, but at that moment they were already suffocating with her. We sighed and wondered what would be given. Every day Esther became bigger and bigger,” Jenkins says.

5. After 8 months, Ester weighed 77 kg, and a recent survey showed that the weight of the pig was becoming more than a quarter of a ton.

6. With the appearance of Esther in life, making friends, something has changed. The stench moved in the direction of the meat, and they became the killers of the creatures.

7. “Now all hedgehogs are at the top wardrobes. Won to love fight and play with toys, come out to cuddle, and love, so that the chukhal lives. Vaughn is more like a great super-smart dog, sensible, to learn how to open the closed doors and close the wardrobe. It's amazing."

11. It is so marvelous that Esther sleeps on the sofa, and at night he goes to sleep on the double bed near the vital.

12. Since Esther's gang reached 270 kilos, Derek and Steve stopped walking on the street, so that they don't want water and don't need to shock people.

13. At this hour, a couple collected money for the purchase of 43 acres of land, they plan to build a farm for the creatures that they require.

14. Esther is the sweetest pig in the world!

Kira Stoletova

The pig is a large parnokopitna creature, domesticated, for one species, close to 7,000 years ago, for others - over 12,000 years ago. The calf and the pig are one of the oldest tamed animals for meat. It is important that domestic pigs ate to Europe from a nearby region. Then the stench criss-crossed with wild boars. In order for breeding to be successful, the pig is guilty of buti vіd vіd A to Z, otherwise ailments of the wrong year can bring the economic benefit to zero.

Description of the pigs

Whiskers of domestic pigs are non-mushroom parnokopynі from the family of pigs. Lead your family stench from a wild boar. The number of chromosomes wild and domestic may be the same, 38 pairs. Possibly, in European breeds, the blood of some nearby species is flowing. Pig breeding is actively breeding for breeding Asian, American, Vietnamese, pigs.

See wild pigs

In nature, there were 22 sights of pigs, on this day, evolution saved only this:

Babirus. The only place of residence is the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, you can visit the zoo, there may be a lot of people in the face.
Great African pig chi lisova. Sacks in the equatorial jungles of Africa, the largest representative of the family.
African warthog. Sacks in the African savannah, may be on the muzzle of growths that make warts.
Wild boars and boars. A European species, which inhabits our foxes, which knows the skin, which domestic pigs came from.
Bearded pig. A long-legged boar with a thick vein on its muzzle, lives near the avian-shidniy Asia.
Dwarf pig, or minipig. Vimiruyuchiy view, scho shokaє in Nepal, beating the bottom of the Himalayas. Critical creatures may grow close to 35 cm, they often separate like home vikhovants.
Kistevukha pig. Live near the Central and Western regions of Africa. All the more stringently pofarbovani and beautiful piglets, their muzzle is black, the coat is crooked ore like red-zhovta bristles, and the wife was walking with her back.

Description of domestic pig

The anatomy of that domestic pig, which is a meaty breed, is similar to the power of wild relatives. The pig has a cylindrical tulub, the diameter of which is about 1.5 m. The muzzle of the pig is lowered, ending with a round p'yatachkom. Rilze helps creatures with digging. The slits are made up of 44 teeth, well-rozvinenі іkla. The pig's smooth coat may be naked, covered with thin bristles, wanting to give birth to thick wool. Whist of twists.

The pigs have a weak fat, then they have good hearing and smell. It is not without reason that these creatures are bred in France for a joke under the land of truffles. In some countries, the scent of pigs is vicorous, to make drugs.

A pig is an all-round creature, on the vіdmіnu vіd bugatioh іnshih equids. Her sluice is simple, with one chamber, the intestines of the middle tract.

The intelligence of the pig is high. Facts to note that she won't forget simple commands, prizviska, react to music. Grunting in a pig may be rich in sound combinations, which is evidence of a folding system of communication between creatures. Cicavo, which has a lot of physiological parameters similar to those of humans, so the creatures often wink in medical experiments. The hormone insulin is obtained from the subslunkovo pilose of guinea pigs for the treatment of ailments for circulatory diabetes.

Well, if you don’t strive for purity in the morning in your home minds, pigs get sick and can perish. Can domestic pigs swim? The stench saved its beauty from their wild ancestors, they snort near the water.

Pig breeding

One of the reasons for the popularity of breeding pigs is their fertility. For one litter, a sow can give birth to 10-15 piglets, the record holder can breed up to 20-22. Pollution in females lasts 18-24 days, the cycle is repeated independently during the season. Vagіtnіst trivaє 110-114 dnіv, the female easily. Small piglets drink milk for 1-2 months. After breeding, the uterus is ready again before mating, so for the river of the pig you can take 2 offspring.

At the stage of maturation of the female, it is fast, at 9-10 months it is vvazhaetsya adventitious to mating, knuri building to flooding at the vіtsi close to rock. When choosing a wager for the zluchka, marvel at the state organ of the knur and the number of nipples in the female. So they give respect to the exterior, you can see how good the pig is.

Mating in the period of estrus occurs without any particular problems. If the female is near the water, she is restless, reacting to the male, grunting, the sound of her voice changes, go to the heather. Article act threevaє 15-30 hvilin, during the whole hour you can’t shout that turbuvati a couple. In domestic states, dvorazova vyazka is practiced in order to guarantee the achievement of a swedish result. Sometimes a couple is overwhelmed by one or two at a time, so that they fall into a bagatarase. On commercial farms, females are slaughtered piece by piece.

Small piglets are born strong, the mouth of the stench already grinds its teeth. For a kіlka hvilin stink to know where to call, to know the mother's wife. Teats in a pig are available in 10 to 16 pieces. Under the hour of the first year, the piglets fight for the nipple. The strongest spit those that are closer to the head of the female. Nadali child go all the way to his nipple. Stimulation of the growth of the young veda to the promotion of seeing milk. Healthy sows have more offspring alive.

breed pigs

The number of pigs in the world overwhelms a billion individuals. This is the largest unpaired creature on earth. Breeding wild boars in European countries, Pivnichny and Pivdenny America, Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia. Through ailments in Africa, the population is insignificant. On the Close Skhodі and in Central Asia, piglets are not bred through religious exchanges. In Islam and Judaism it is an unclean creature. In China, navpaki, it may be sacred.

The main meta breeding of creatures is the extraction of meat. Until zastosuvannya bristles, shkіri are attached. One of them is dressed up, clothes, cloaks of accessories.

In the world, it is necessary to generate three direct ones:

meat or bacon;
sebaceous;
Universal.

In the lands of Western Europe and America, meat breeds are most often grown, in Northern Europe, there are other cuisines, popular salmons and universal ones. Lie down to the bacon rocks:

Hampshire;
Duroc;
Estonska;
P'etren;
Landrace;
Pigs of Iberian varieties.

Nayvіdomіshі sebaceous breeds:

Great chi great black pig;
Bashkir;
Kucheryava Ugor Mangalitsa or Mongolian piglets;
Mirgorodska;
Meishan breed;
Breitivska.

In domestic podvir'yakh to start universal piglets, from which you can take both meat and tallow. The most popular breed directly:

Yorkshire was a big pig;
White Ukrainian steppe pigs;
Pivnіchna Sibіrska;
Chinese-Polish;
Belarusian black-strokat;
V'etnamskaya folded belly;
Livenska.

When the porid is born, respect is given to fertility, the speed of the increase in body mass, whether the breed is lard or meat. Salny rіznоvidi good accumulate pіdshkіrny fat, m'yasnі, navpaki, mayut musculature with a minimum amount of fat. Universal occupies an intermediate position.

Product characteristics of pigs

The domestic pig is even more productive and good growth. Creatures are quickly gaining vag for perceptibly small vitrates for a year. If you match them from the VRH, then the result of the divorce is obvious. Already in 6-7 months, pigs weigh 100-110 kg, and the weight of the carcass reaches 73-75 kg. Vyhid m'yasa rich in what to lie in the fact that vaga is alive in mature individuals:

with body weight 90-100 kg; output of products 72-75%;
with a weight of 120-140 kg - 75-77%;
majestic pig 140-160 kg - 80-85%.

The high fertility of pigs and the peculiarity of their reproduction allows to kill almost all creatures for a long time. Vikoristovuєtsya navit m'yaso tribal knurіv, wanting savory taste in the new hirshi, є specific smell. Males, which are unsuitable for reproduction, are castrated to the cob of state maturity (5-6 months). Such boars are called hogs.

close;
easel-vigulne;
vigulna.

In connection with the expansion of infections, veterinary doctors and sanitary services are responsible for the closure of a large, small farm.

With your own hands, you need to make a pigsty a mіtsnim, so like great evil creatures can easily fill up flimsy walls and slacken pіdkopi. The best for everyday life are cinder blocks, tortoise, cegla. The walls in the middle are plastered and beaten. Dakh is guilty of not overheating the air and taking the warmth of the charge. The fence of the workbench is made of a mint tree, for the mint, pegs are driven in. Pіdloga is the best robiti from boards, with a small nakhil. Obov'yazkovo obladnuyut at the verstatah stіchnі ditches for excrement. Water ditches were filed from a pigsty, near special fungus pits.

Pigs in the summer can be moved at the closing of the dead. Vzimku їm the best pіdіyde insulation shed. Let's not spend the prayers of the walls, cover them with straw. As if looking at the insulation of a pigsty, you can look at the photo. At the barn, there may be such a place:

typesetting for the mating of pigs;
place for vigulu;
bath pit.

To make up for young creatures, like those who grow up for meat, you need to grow a 3 m rozrahunka per person. There can be up to 30 heads in one verst. For female sows, slab okremі verstati with an area of 4 m2. After farrowing, they are relocated together with chicks to larger areas of accommodation with an area of close to 6 m². In the next verstats, tribal knuri are held, freezing is carried out under the vag of a particular male. Vigulny zagіn shatter with an area of 10 m² per head.

Rip the bedding out of straw, earthlings are swirling around. You can vicorate shavings and thyrsus. On the front wall of the benches, attach the year-olds and stuffings. In case of mating pigs without a vigulu, the replacement of verstatives can be made up of open spaces of cells, and sometimes placed in two tiers.

Keeping a lookout for piglets is not particularly difficult. Golovne - to create a normal microclimate in the pigsty and dotrimuvatisya offensive rules:

The temperature is normal in khlivi, where young animals live, they can be equal to 18-22 ° C, for mature pigs - 12-16 ° C.
Optimal water content is 75%, maximum allowable is 85%.
Slid to protect the creatures from stretching, water and cold.
At the barn, it should be clean, the bedding should be changed regularly, the sewerage drains should be periodically cleaned and disinfected.
If the young are to be avoided without vigulu, they should be given preparations for rachitis and should be treated with ultraviolet light.
Water in sackcloths is always to blame, but it is clean and fresh.
Korito is thoroughly cleansed after skin care, scouring is done with a meadow.
Cleaning up the pigsty with disinfection and disinfection is carried out at least once a month. Yakshcho flocks are great, wink a special picking machine.

Raising pigs for meat as an idea for business

BREEDING PIGS ABO MINI PIG FARM YAK BUSINESS IDEA. BUSINESS IDEAS

v'etnamsky pigs bred that year

Year of the Pig

Yak_st pig meat to lie in the year. These other products can change the taste, instead of fat in end products. Mentally feed can be divided into 3 groups:

Significantly increase the quality of meat: wheat and barley grains, rye, millet, legumes (including peas), carrots, fodder and sucrose beetroot, leaves and leaves of stables, alfalfa, silage, milk crops and sirovatka. Corost like this is the greatest.
The taste of meat is often reduced: corn kernels, potatoes and peeled potatoes, buckwheat, visivka from wheat, molasses from beetroot. Instead of such products, it is possible to change 50-60% of the diet.
Significantly reduce the quality of meat: cake, cake, ripak, grain grain, bard, soy and other products, come out of the kitchen, come out of the fish. As if to honor pigs like that, the meat will have a specific smell. An excess of growing fat is badly indicated on the etching and exchange of the speeches of creatures. You can introduce such a diet before the diet, but it’s not the fault of the population to change 30%. 1.5-2 months before the harvest, the products of the third group are switched off.

So that the pork did not take too much fat, give the pigs concentrated feed, greens. Wean pigs up to a weight of 100-110 kg (up to approximately 8-9 months). Away from the sbіlshennya masi already go for the rahunok zbіlshennya pіdshkіr fat.

Pig snails are best suited for greens, they can become close to 50% of the diet. Then the meat will be lower for relish, with low fat content. Prosharok pіdshkіrnogo bacon do not exceed 4 cm.

When turning pigs into lard, give them more grain, boiled potatoes. The average load in such vipadkas is 130-140 kg. Prosharok pіdshkіrny fat can be buti in the margins of 7 cm. This kind of pork goes to the production of cowbass, minced meat, it is used to fight meat-kistkove and kistkovo boroshno, liver, canned food.

Pigs are yearned 4-5 times per day. Creatures are already careless. Why don’t you give them food all the time, the stench of the birthdays and the walls of the pigsty, and the factory manager is not only occupied, but also pigs. Rozpodіliti їzhu by stretching doby help a special table. She has assigned norms, dosing of the skin type of food. Give sows obov'yazkovo vitamins, mineral supplements, crade.

Sick pigs

In order to understand everything about pigs, it is necessary to know about pathologies, how they are taman. Ailments are infectious and non-infectious. Most of the time, the stench is blamed on the broken rules of morning, if the food is taken in filthy minds, it is served stale. Unsafe bacteria and viruses can be consumed on farms at the same time with feed, equipment, machines that come from infected regions. Quite often, small parts are consumed in the intestines flatworms, їх eggs and larvae.

To reveal pathologies at once, it is necessary to know their main symptoms. In most violent ailments, creatures become malignant, rotten, eat badly, fall on their backs, sometimes a pig screams loudly for no reason. (Nevipadkovo appeared viraz "squeal, like a pig"). In pigs, the temperature may rise, appear on the shkir visip, purple or blue patches. The bristles of the pig are dull, dark, snot and rot flow from the eyes and nose. Like a pig broke out or in it intestinal infection, vinikaє carry-over, vomit, yakі cause until znevodnennia Easy illness can pass independently, with severe mortality often reaches 100%.

The most widespread diseases of pigs are as follows:

ascariasis;
cystocercosis;
macrocantoringsp;
leptospirosis;
salmonellosis;
pika abo beshikha;
rotavirus infection;
circovirus;
brucellosis;
tricks;
mastitis in sows;
dysentery;
flu;
atrophic rhinitis;
pasteurellosis;
pleurisy;
arthritis;
anemia;
avitaminosis or hypovitaminosis;
foot and mouth disease;
Siberian Virazka;
food poisoning;
lichen;
scab;
scab;
external mites;
ixodid ticks;
that African plague is classic.

Virus infections are often unsustainable, the forecasts for them are bad, the whole herd should be slaughtered when infected. For prevention, stop vaccination, conduct sanitary and hygienic visits. About all splitting and prevention of unsafe infections should be taken care of by a veterinarian.

Viber of pigs and slaughter of pigs

Bathe piglets at the vіtsі 1-2 months. Tritizhneve children weigh 7-8 kg, 7-8 years of age reach 14-16 kg. Healthy piglets are loose and active. Skin and mucus in a new purity, erysipelas, like a pig Mister Mabel. Vіn good їst, vistachaє feed, but not smokche їх. Vibіr slid zupinyati on the specialties with a straight long back, a straight profile and even legs. It is planned to breed pigs, ob'yazkovo marvel at the nipples of the female. The stench is to blame, but they are displaced, not squeezed in, they are far away one kind of one. The optimal number of nipples is 12-16 pieces.

How many piglets? The price of depositing a vіd spawn that vіku. Monthly piglets of the widest breeds of rural farms are sold for 1500-4000 rubles. It is not uncommon to evaluate not the head, but the life of the head. Todi for a kilo ask for 100-400 rubles. A kilogram of live weight of a mature pig costs 100-150 rubles. The price of pork when buying in bulk is about 200-250 rubles.

How to slaughter pigs? It is best to build creatures at a special station. Pig slaughterhouse, deprivation of slaughter, you can ensure hygienic mind. If there is no such possibility, you can kill a trained person. Before the introduction of pigs for meat, they do not like prey.

For the viboi vikoristovuyut gostry nizh, pig-chopper, pig-breeder. The lower back is cut through the cervical arteries and veins, they bleed. You can zazdalegіd drown out the pig with a blow. Let's sweat the carcass to burn the bristles. Keep trimming the carcass in this position, until all the blood is gone, after which you cut the line, so that you can see the insides. Mayzhe skin organ (intestines, zhovch, spleen, liver, ear, rib, ridge, tails, mіzki, hoard) go to the processing plant. You can beat the shock. Do tsimu polygaє more one vygoda viroshchuvannya pigs. For example, if the whole carcass is okholone, take the shkir at once from the fat, start sorting into parts. Detailed instructions may be shown on the video or special pictures.